Table Of ContentCENTURY OF
GENOCIDE
CENTURY OF
GENOCIDE
S E C O N D E D I T I O N
CRITICAL ESSAYS AND EYEWITNESS ACCOUNTS
E D I T O R S
Routledge
NewYork•London
Published in 2004 by
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Copyright © 2004 by Taylor & Francis Books, Inc.
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This edition published in the Taylor and Francis e-Library, 2005.
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without permission from the publishers.
Library of Congress Cataloging-In-Publication Data:
A century of genocide: critical essays and eyewitness accounts / edited by Samuel Totten and
William S. Parsons and Israel W. Charny. – 2nd ed.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-415-94429-5 (hc: alk. paper) – ISBN 0-415-94430-9 (pb: alk. paper) 1. Geno-
cide–History–20th century. 2. Crimes against humanity–History–20th century. I. Totten,
Samuel. II. Parsons, William S. III. Charny, Israel W.
HV6322.7.C46 2004
909.82–dc22
2004000759
ISBN 0-203-49569-1 Master e-book ISBN
ISBN 0-203-57638-1 (Adobe eReader Format)
Contents
Acknowledgments vii
Map Credits ix
Preface xi
Editors xvii
Contributors xix
Introduction 1
SAMUEL TOTTEN AND WILLIAM S. PARSONS
1 Genocide of the Hereros 15
JON BRIDGMAN AND LESLIE J. WORLEY
2 The Armenian Genocide 53
ROUBEN PAUL ADALIAN
3 Soviet Man-Made Famine in Ukraine 93
JAMES E. MACE
4 Holocaust: The Genocide of the Jews 127
DONALD L. NIEWYK
5 Holocaust: The Gypsies 161
SYBIL MILTON
6 Holocaust: The Genocide of Disabled Peoples 205
HUGH GREGORY GALLAGHER
7 The Indonesian Massacres 233
ROBERT CRIBB
8 Genocide in East Timor 263
JAMES DUNN
9 Genocide in Bangladesh 295
ROUNAQ JAHAN
10 The Burundi Genocide 321
RENÉ LEMARCHAND
11 The Cambodian Genocide — 1975–1979 339
BEN KIERNAN
12 The Anfal Operations in Iraqi Kurdistan 375
MICHIEL LEEZENBERG
13 The Rwanda Genocide 395
RENÉ LEMARCHAND
14 Genocide in Bosnia and Herzegovina 415
MARTIN MENNECKE AND ERIC MARKUSEN
15 Genocide in Kosovo? 449
MARTIN MENNECKE
16 Out of that Darkness: Responding to Genocide
in the 21st Century 455
JERRY FOWLER
17 The Intervention and Prevention of Genocide:
Where There Is the Political Will, There Is a Way 469
SAMUEL TOTTEN
Index 491
Acknowledgments
Above all, we wish to sincerely thank all of the contributors to this book.
All are extremely busy and dedicated scholars, and we greatly appreciate
their contributions. At Routledge, we wish to thank our initial editor, Eric
Nelson, for his interest in publishing the second edition of this volume,
and we also wish to thank Robert Tempio, our new editor, and Angela
Chnapko.
We also wish to thank Dr. George McCleary and his students in the
Geography Department at the University of Kansas for the research,
thought, and hard work they put into the development of the maps that
accompany each of the case studies of genocide in this new edition of
Century of Genocide.
As we did in the first edition, we wish to thank Kristy L. Brosius and the
late Sybil Milton for their excellent work in translating court testimonies
that appear in Chapter 6, “Holocaust: The Genocide of Disabled Peoples.”
With Rouben Adalian, we offer a heartfelt thanks to Donald E. Miller and
Lorna Touryan Miller for granting us permission to publish several of the
interviews they conducted with survivors of the Armenian genocide. René
Lemarchand and the editors also wish to acknowledge and sincerely thank
Liisa Malkki for granting us the right to reproduce the accounts of the
Burundi genocide from her doctoral dissertation, Purity and Exile: Trans-
formation in Historical-National Consciousness among Hutu Refugees in
Tanzania. Finally, we greatly appreciate, too, all of the publishers and orga-
nizations that provided us with permission to use excerpts of various eye-
witness accounts that previously appeared in their publications.
vii
Map Credits
The maps for this volume were created by George F. McCleary, Jr. (of the
University of Kansas) with the assistance of Matthew Stratton (Armenia),
Christopher Parker (Ukraine), Georgia Palos (Gypsies), Danli Li (Indone-
sia), Fredrick Tucker (East Timor), Geoffrey Folker (Bangladesh), and
Peter Gogol (Cambodia). Additional assistance was provided by Darin
Grauberger (of the University of Kansas Cartographic Services), John C.
Kostelnick, Matthew Harman, William S. Parsons (and his staff at the
United States Holocaust Memorial Museum), Leslie Dienes, and Rouben
P. Adalian.
Base maps were derived from Digital Chart of the World, World, and
Geocart, as well as from The Times Atlas of the World: Comprehensive Edi-
tion (1967 and later editions), Goode's World Atlas (1923 and later edi-
tions), other atlases and sheet maps (in the Thomas R. Smith Map
Collection of the University of Kansas), and Web sites (including the Geo-
graphic Names Database of the National Imagery and Mapping Agency
and the U. S. Board on Geographic Names — http://gnswww.nima.mil/
geonames/GNS/index.jsp).
Data for the individual maps were derived from area-specific atlases,
such as Historical Atlas of the Holocaust (United States Holocaust Memo-
rial Museum, 1996), Atlas of the Holocaust (Martin Gilbert, 1993), Arme-
nia: A Historical Atlas (Robert W Hewsen, 2001), and Ukraine: A Historical
Atlas (Paul Robert Magocsi, 1985); publications about specific genocides,
for example, Gerhard Pool (1991), Samuel Maharero, and Roman Smal-
Stocki (1960); and Web sites (including the Perry-Castañeda Library Map
Collection of the University of Texas — http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/,
and the Yale University Cambodian Genocide Program — http://
www.yale.edu/cgp/index.html).
For further information about the maps, contact [email protected].
ix
