Centrifugal pumps for petroleum, heavy duty chemical, and gas industry services

194 Pages·1995·10.592 MB·English

by  American Petroleum Institute., American National Standards Institute

API STD*bLO 95 m 0732290 054bl107 945 m
Centrifugal Pumps for Petroleum,
Heavy Duty Chemical, and
Gas Industry Services
API STANDARD 61O
EIGHTH EDITION, AUGUST 1995
American Petroleum Institute
1220 L Street, Northwest
Washington, D.C. 20005 11)
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Centrifugal Pumps for Petroleum,
Heavy Duty Chemical, and
Gas Industry Services
Manufacturing, Distribution and Marketing Department
API STANDARD 61 O
EIGHTH EDITION, AUGUST1 995
American
Petroleum
Institute
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SPECIAL NOTES
1. API PUBLICATIONS NECESSARILY ADDRESS PROBLEMS OF A GENERAL
NATURE. WITH RESPECTT O PARTICULAR CIRCUMSTANCES, LOCAL, STATE,
AND FEDERAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS SHOULD BE REVIEWED.
2. API IS NOT UNDERTAKINGT O MEET THE DUTIES OF EMPLOYERS, MANU-
FACTURERS, OR SUPPLIERS TO WARN OR PROPERLY TRAIN AND EQUIP
THEIR EMPLOYEES, AND OTHERS EXPOSED, CONCERNINGH EALTH AND
SAFETY RISKS AND PRECAUTIONNSO, R UNDERTAKING THEIR OBLIGATIONS
UNDER LOCAL, STATE, OR FEDERAL LAWS.
3. INFORMATION CONCERNING SAFETY AND HEALTH RISKS AND PROPER
PRECAUTIONS WITH RESPECTT O PARTICULAR MATERIALS AND CONDI-
TIONS SHOULD BE OBTAINED FROMT HE EMPLOYER, THE MANUFACTURER
OR SUPPLIERO F THAT MATERIAL, ORT HE MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET.
4. NOTHING CONTAINED IN ANY API PUBLICATION T ISO BE CONSTRUED AS
GRANTING ANY RIGHT, BY IMPLICATION OR OTHERWISE, FORT HE MANU-
FACTURE, SALE, OR USEO F ANY METHOD, APPARATUS, OR PRODUCTC OV-
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PUBLICATION BE CONSTRUED AS INSURING ANYONE AGAINST LIABILITY
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5. GENERALLY, API STANDARDS ARE REVIEWED AND REVISED, REAF-
FIRMED, OR WITHDRAWNA T LEAST EVERYF IVE YEARS. SOMETIMES A ONE-
TIME EXTENSION OF UPT O TWO YEARS WILL BE ADDED TO THIS REVIEW
CYCLE. THIS PUBLICATIONW ILL NO LONGER BE IN EFFECT FIVE YEARS AF-
TER ITS PUBLICATIOND ATE AS AN OPERATIVE API STANDARD, OR WHERE
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MENT [TELEPHONE [phone]]. A CATALOG OF API PUBLICATIONS AND
MATERIALS IS PUBLISHED ANNUALLY AND UPDATED QUARTERLY BY API,
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Copyright O 1995 American Petroleum Institute
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API STDMblO 95 m 0732290 054bllO 43T m
FOREWORD
This standard covers the minimum requiremenftosr centrifugal pumps, including pumps
running in reverse as hydraulic power recovery turbines, for use in petroleum, heavy-duty
chemical, and gas industrys ervices.
This standard is based on the accumulated knowledge and experiencoef manufacturers
and userso f centrifugal pumps. Theo bjective of this standardi s to providea purchase spec-
ification to facilitate the manufacture and procurement of centrifugal pumps for use in
petroleum, chemical, and gasin dustry services.
The primary purpose otfh is standard is to establish minimum mechanicalr equirements.
This limitation in scope is one of charter as opposed to interest and concern. Energy con-
servation is of concern and has becomien creasingly important in all aspects of equipment
design, application, and operation. Thus, innovative energy-conserving approaches should
be aggressively pursued by the manufacturer and the user during these steps. Alternative
approaches that may result in improved energy utilization should be thoroughly investi-
gated and broughtf orth. This is especially true of new equipment proposals, sincet he eval-
uation of purchase options will be based increasingly on total life costs as opposed to
acquisition cost alone. Equipment manufacturers,i n particular, are encouraged to suggest
alternatives to those specified when such approaches achieve improved energy effective-
ness and reduced total lifec osts without sacrifice of safety or reliability.
This standard requires the purchaser to specify certain details and features. Although it
is recognized that the purchaser may desire to modify, delete, or amplify sections of this
standard, it is strongly recommended that suchm odifications,d eletions, and amplifications
be madeb y supplementing thiss tandard, rather than by rewritingo r incorporating sections
thereof into another completes tandard.
API standards are published as an aid to procurement of standardized equipment and ma-
terials. These standardsa re not intendedt o inhibit purchaserso r producers from purchasing
or producing products made toot her standards.
API publications may be used by anyoned esiring to do so. Every effort has been made
by the Instituteto assure the accuracy and reliabiliotyf the data contained in them; however,
the Institute makes no representation, warranty, or guarantee in connection with this pub-
lication and hereby expressldyi sclaims any liabilityo r responsibility for loss or damage re-
sulting from its use or for the violation of any federal, state, or municipal regulation with
which this publication may conflict.
The listing of any proprietary products in this publication does not imply any endorse-
ment by the American PetroleumI nstitute.
Suggested revisions are invited and should be submittetdo the director of the Manufac-
turing, Distribution, and Marketing Department, American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L
Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005.
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CONTENTS
Page
SECTION 1-GENERAL
1.1 Scope ....................................................................................................................1. -1
1.2 Alternative Designs ............................................................................................... 1~1
I .3 Conflicting Requirements. ..................................................................................... 1-1
1.4 Definition of Terms ............................................................................................... 1-1
1.5 Referenced Publications ........................................................................................ 1-8
SECTION 2-BASIC DESIGN
2.1G eneral ................................................................................................................... 2-1
2.2 Pressure Casings .................................................................................................... 2-3
2.3 Nozzle and Pressure Casing Connections ............................................................. 2-4
2.4 External Nozzle Forces and Moments ................................................................... 2-5
2.5 Rotors ...................................................................................................................... 2-5
2.6 Wear Rings and Running Clearances .................................................................... 2-9
2.7 Mechanical Shaft Seals. ....................................................................................... 2-10
2.8 Dynamics ............................................................................................................. 2-13
2.9 Bearings and Bearing Housings .......................................................................... 2-17
2.10 Lubrication ........................................................................................................... 2-20
2.11 Materials .............................................................................................................. 2-21
2.12 Nameplates and Rotation Arrows. ....................................................................... 2-23
SECTION 3-ACCESSORIES
3.1 Drivers ................................................................................................................... 3-1
3.2 Couplings and Guards ........................................................................................... 3-2
3.3 Baseplates .............................................................................................................. 3-3
3.4I nstrumentation ...................................................................................................... 3-4
3.5 Piping and Appurtenances ..................................................................................... 3-5
3.6 Special Tools .......................................................................................................... 3-8
SECTION 4”INSPECTION. TESTING. AND PREPARATION
FOR SHIPMENT
4.1G eneral ................................................................................................................... 4-1
4.2 Inspection. .............................................................................................................. 4-1
4.3 Testing ................................................................................................................... 4-2
4.4 Preparation for Shipment ....................................................................................... 4-4
SECTION S”PECIF1, C PUMP TYPES
5.1 Single Stage Overhung Pumps .............................................................................. 5-1
5.2 Between Bearings Pumps ...................................................................................... 5-2
5.3 Vertically Suspended Pumps ................................................................................. 5-6
SECTION 6-VENDOR’S DATA
6.1 General. .................................................................................................................. 6-1
6.2 Proposals ................ .....,. ......................................................................................... 6-1
6.3 Contract Data ......................................................................................................... 6-2
APPENDIX A-REFERENCED PUBLICATIONS AND
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS.. ................................................. A- 1
APPENDIX B-PUMP DATA SHEETS ...................................................................... B- 1
APPENDIX C-STUFFING BOXES FOR PACKING ............................................... C-1
APPENDIX D-MECHANICAL SEAL AND PIPING SCHEMATICS... ................. D- 1
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...........................
APPENDIX &HYDRAULIC POWER RECOVERY TURBINES E-1
APPENDIX FZRITERIA FOR PIPING DESIGN.. ................................................... F-1
......................................
APPENDIX G-MATERIAL CLASS SELECTION GUIDE G- 1
APPENDIX H-MATERIALS AND MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS
FOR CENTRIFUGAL PUMPP ARTS .............................................. H- 1
........................................................................
APPENDIX I-LATERAL ANALYSIS I- 1
APPENDIX J-PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINATION OF
.................................................................
RESIDUAL UNBALANCE J-1
APPENDIX K-SEAL CHAMBER RUNOUT ILLUSTRATIONS... ........................ K-1
................................
APPENDIX L-BASEPLATE AND SOLEPLATE GROUTING L- 1
APPENDIX M-STANDARD BASEPLATES ........................................................... M- 1
...........................................................
APPENDIX N-INSPECTOR'S CHECKLIST N-1
APPENDIX "VENDOR DRAWING ANDD ATA REQUIREMENTS. ................. O- 1
...........................................................
APPENDIX P-PURCHASER'S CHECKLIST P- 1
APPENDIX Q-STANDARDIZED ELECTRONIC DATA EXCHANGE
.....................................................................
FILE SPECIFICATION Q- 1
APPENDIX R-SI TO U.S. UNITS CONVERSION FACTORS. SYMBOLS.
DEFINITIONS. AND ABBREVIATION..S.. .................................... R-1
APPENDIX SXALIBRATION AND PERFORMANCE VERIFICATIONO F
TRUE PEAK AND RMS MEASUREMENT INSTRUMENTS
USED FOR TEST STAND ACCEPTANCE.. .................................... S- 1
APPENDIX T-TEST DATA SUMMARY .................................................................. T-1
APPENDIX U-SEAL CHAMBER DIMENSIONS-BASIC PHILOSOPHY
FOR STANDARDIZATION. ............................................................ U- 1
Figures
1- 1-Pump Classification Type Identification. .......................................................... 1-2
1- 2-Basic Pump Types ............................................................................................. 1-3
2-1-Machined Face Suitable for Gasket Containment When Using
Cylindrical Threads ........................................................................................... 2-4
2-2"Coordinate System for the Forces and Moments in Tabl2e. 1A (2.1B):
Vertical In-Line Pumps ..................................................................................... 2-5
2-34oordinate System for the Forces and Momentsi n Table 2.1A (2.1B):
.........................................................................
Vertical Double-Casing Pumps 2-5
2-Moordinate System for the Forces and Momentsi n Table 2.1A (2.1B):
..................
Horizontal Pumps withS ide Suction and Side Discharge Nozzles 2-7
2-5"Coordinate System for the Forces and Moments in Table 2.1A (2.1B):
Horizontal Pumps with End Suction and Top Discharge Noz.z...l..e...s.. ......... 2-8
2-6"Coordinate System for the Forces and Moments in Table 2.1A (2.1B):
Horizontal Pumps with Top Nozz.l.e..s.. ........................................................... 2-9
2-7-Relationship Between Flow and Vibration ..................................................... 2-15
2-SA-Locations for Taking VibrationR eadings on Horizontal Pumps ................. 2-15
2-SB-Locations for Taking Vibration Readings on Vertical Pump..s.. .................. 2-16
2-9-Rotating Component Dimensions to Determine When Single Plane
Balancing Is Allowable.. ................................................................................. 2-17
3-1-Vertically Suspended Pump Drivers: Tolerances Required for the
Driver Shaft and Base. ...................................................................................... 3-2
5-1-Decision Tree for Rotor LateralA nalysis ......................................................... 5-3
.............
5-2-Maximum Spacing BetweenS haft Guide Bushings (Vertical Pumps) 5-7
D- 1-Typical Mechanical Seal Arrangements .......................................................... D-4
D-2-Piping for Single Seals and the Primary Seals of Unpressurized
Dual Seal Arrangements
D-2A-API Plan 1 .................................................................................................... D-5
D-2A-API Plan 2 .................................................................................................... D-5
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API STD*bLO 95 m 0732290 0546LL3 149
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D-2B-API Plan 11 ................................................................................................... D-6
D-2C-API Plan 13. .................................................................................................. D-7
D-2C-API Plan 14. .................................................................................................. D-7
D-2D-API Plan 21 .................................................................................................. D-8
D-2D-API Plan 23 .................................................................................................. D-8
D-2LAPI Plan 31 ................................................................................................... D-9
D-2E-API Plan 32. ................................................................................................ D- 10
D-2F-API Plan 41 ................................................................................................. D-10
D-3-Piping for Throttle Bushings, Auxiliary Seal Devices, and DualS eals
D-3A-API Plan 52. ................................................................................................ D-11
D-3B-API Plan 53 ................................................................................................. D- 12
D-3B-API Plan 54 ................................................................................................. D-12
D-3C-API Plan 6 .1.. .............................................................................................. D- 13
D-3C-API Plan 62 ................................................................................................. D- 13
D-4-Cooling Water Piping for Overhung Pumps
D4A"API Plan A. ................................................................................................. D- 14
D-4A-API Plan B. ................................................................................................. D- 14
D-4A-API Plan D.. ................................................................................................. D-14
D-4A-API Plan K .................................................................................................. D- 14
D4B"API Plan M. ................................................................................................ D- 15
D-5-Cooling Water Piping for Between Bearings Pumps
D-5A-API Plan A. ................................................................................................. D-16
D-SA-API Plan B. ................................................................................................. D-16
D-5A-API Plan D. ................................................................................................. D-16
D-SA-API Plan K .................................................................................................. D-16
D-SB-API Plan M ................................................................................................. D-17
D-6-Typical Pressurized Lube Oil System ........................................................... D-18
E- 1-Typical HPRT Arrangements ........................................................................... E-3
E-2-HPRT Test Performance Tolerances. ............................................................... E-4
I- 1-Rotor Lateral Analysis Logic Diagram.. ............................................................ 1-2
I-2-Damping Factor Versus Frequency Ratio ........................................................... 1-3
I-3-Typical Campbell Diagram ................................................................................ 1-5
J- 1-Residual Unbalance Work Sheet ........................................................................ J-2
J-2-Sample Calculations for Residual Unbalance. ................................................... J-4
K- 1-Seal Chamber Concentricity. ........................................................................... K- 1
K-2-Seal Chamber Face Runou.t. ........................................................................... K- 1
M-1-Schematic For API 610 Standard Baseplates.. ............................................... M-3
M-2-Anchor Bolt Projection .................................................................................. M-3
S-1-Instrument Test Setup ....................................................................................... S- 1
S-2-Sine Wave Signal Showing True Peak.. ........................................................... 5-2
S-3-Pulse Signal Showing True Peak.. .................................................................... 5-2
S-+Sine Wave Signal Showing RMS. .................................................................... 5-3
S-5-Pulse Signal Showing RMS. ............................................................................. 5-3
T-1-Test Curve Format-IS0 Style ......................................................................... T-3
T-2-Test Curve Format-U.S. Style ........................................................................ T-4
Tables
1-1-Special Design Considerationso f Particular Pump Types. ............................... 1-6
2-l A-Nozzle Loadings (SI Units) ............................................................................ 2-6
2-1 B-Nozzle Loadings (U.S. Units) ........................................................................ 2-6
2-2-Minimum Running Clearances ....................................................................... 2-10
2-3-Standard Dimensions for Seal Chambers, Seal Gland Attachments, and
Cartridge Mechanical Seal Sleeves ................................................................. 2-11
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2-&Floating Throttle Bushing Diametral Clearances. ........................................... 2-13
2-5-Vibration Limits for Overhung and BetweenB earings Pumps ....................... 2-18
2-&Vibration Limits for Vertically Suspended Pumps .......................................... 2-18
2-7-Bearing Selection ............................................................................................ 2-19
3- 1-Power Ratings for Motor Drives ....................................................................... 3-1
........................................................................
3-2-Maximum Coupling End Floats 3-3
3-3-Stiffness Test Acceptance Criteria .................................................................... 3-3
3-&Minimum Requirements for Piping Materials .................................................. 3-6
4- 1-Maximum Severity of Defects in Castings ....................................................... 4-2
....................................................................................
4-2-Performance Tolerances 4-2
5-1-Shaft and Rotor Runout Requirement.s.. .......................................................... 5-2
............................................................................
5-2-Rotor Balance Requirements 5-4
5-3-Maximum Number ofP articles. ........................................................................ 5-5
6-1-Recommended Spare Parts. ............................................................................... 6-3
A-l-corresponding International Standards. .......................................................... A-4
A-2-Piping Components-Corresponding International Standards ..................... A- 10
F-1A -Nozzle Sizes and LocationC oordinates for Example 1A ............................. F-2
F-2A-Applied Nozzle Loadings for Example 1A ................................................... F-3
F-3A-Proposed Applied Nozzle Loadingsf or Example 2A .................................... F-4
F- 1B -Nozzle Sizes and LocationC oordinates for Example 1 B.... .......................... F-5
F-2B-Applied Nozzle Loadings for Example 1B .................................................... F-5
F-3B-Proposed Applied Nozzle Loadingsf or Example 2B .................................... F-6
G- 1-Material Class Selection Guide ....................................................................... G-2
H- 1-Materials for Pump Parts ................................................................................ H-2
H-2-International Materials for Pump Parts ........................................................... H-4
H-3-Miscellaneous Materials. ................................................................................. H-6
H-&Fourth Letter of Mechanical SealC lassification Code ................................... H-7
H-5-Fifth Letter of Mechanical SeaCl lassification Code ...................................... H-7
H-&Temperature Limits on Mechanical Seal Gaskets and Bellows. ...................... H-7
M-1-Dimensions of API 610 Standard Baseplates ................................................ M-3
R-1-SI to U.S. Units Conversion Factor.s.. ............................................................. R-2
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Centrifugal Pumps for Petroleum, Heavy Duty Chemical,
and Gas Industry Services
SECTION 1-GENERAL
S1.c 1o pe 1.3C onflictingR equirements
1.1.1 This standard covers the minimum requirements for In case of conflict between this standard and the inquoirr y
centrifugal pumps, including pumps running in reverse as order, the information included int he order shall govern.
hydraulic power recovery turbines, foru se in petroleum,
heavy duty chemical, and gasi ndustry services. 1.4D efinitiono fT erms
Note: A bullet (o) at the beginning of a paragraph indicates that either a
Terms used in this standard are defined in 1.4.1 through
decision or further information is required. Further information should be
shown on the data sheet(ss ee Appendix B) or stated in the quotation request 1 A.56.
and purchase order.
1.4.1 axially split: Casing or housing joint that is paral-
1.1.2 The pump types covered by this standard can be lel to the shaft centerline.
broadly classified as overhung, betweenb earings, and verti-
1.4.2 barrel pump: A horizontal pump of the double-
cally suspended (see Figure 1 - 1). To aid the use otfh is stan-
casing type.
dard, Sections 2, 3, 4, and 6 cover requirements that are
applicable to two or more of these broad classifications.S ec- 1.4.3 barrier fluid: Fluid introduced between pressurized
tion 5 is divided into 3 subsections and covers requirements dual (double) mechanical seals to completely isolate the pump
unique to each of the broad classifications.F igure 1-2 shows process liquid from the environment. Pressureo f the barrier
the various specific pump types within each broclaads sifica- fluid is always higher than the process pressure being sealed.
tion and lists the identification assigned to each specific type.
1.4.4 BEP: Abbreviation for beste ficiencyp oint; the
1.1.3 The pump types listed in Table 1-1 have special de- point or capacity at which a pump achieves its highest effi-
sign characteristics and shall be furnished only whens peci- ciency.
fied by the purchaser and whent he manufacturer has proven
1.4.5 buffer fluid: Fluid used as a lubricant or buffer be-
experience for the specific application. Table 1-1 lists the
tween unpressurized dual (tandem) mechanical seals. The
principal special considerations for these pump types and
fluid is always ata pressure lower thant he process pressure
shows in parentheses the relevant paragraph(s) of API Stan-
being sealed.
dard 610.
1.4.6 critical speed: Rotative speed corresponding to a
1.1.4 For nonflammable, nonhazardous services not ex-
lateral natural frequencyo f a rotor.
ceeding anyo f the limits below, purchaserms ay wish to con-
sider pumps that do not comply with API Standard6 10. 1.4.7 critical speed, dry: A rotor natural frequency cal-
culated assuming that ther otor is supported onlya t its bear-
Maxdimisuc phmrae r sgseu re 1900 kPa (275 psig)
ings and that the bearings are of infinite stiffness.
Maxspuirmcets uisomunr e 500 kPa (75 pig)
Maximum pumping 1.4.8 critical speed, wet: A rotor natural frequency cal-
temperature 150°C (300°F) culated considering the additional support and damping pro-
MaxirmRo3stPup 6a mM0et ie0v d e duced by the action of the pumped liquid within internal
running clearances at the operating conditions and allowing
m 1 2hM0e atao dxrti aam tl e udm (400 ft.)
for flexibility and damping withint he bearings.
Maximum impeller diameter,
povuemrhp us ng 330 mm (1 3 in.) 1.4.9 design: Term used by the equipment designer and
Note: Pumps that do not comply with API Standard 610 shall, as a mini- manufacturer to define various parameters, for example, de-
mum, meet the requirementos f the standard for service life, materials, shaft
sign power, design pressure, design temperature, or design
stiffness, mechanical seals, bearing, and auxiliary piping. The purchaser
shall state in the inquiry those requirements that can be relaxed. speed. Purchaser’s specifications should avoid using this term.
1.4.10 double casing: Type of pump construction in
1.2A lternativeD esigns
which the pressure casing is separate from the pumping ele-
1.2.1 The vendor may offer alternative designs.
ments (such as, diffuser diaphragms, bowls, and volute inner
o 1.2.2 The purchaser will specify whether pumps supplied casings) contained in thec asing.
to this standard shall have SI dimensions and comply with
1.4.1 1 drive train components: Items of equipment,
applicable IS0 standards or have U.S. dimensions and com-
such as motor, gear, turbine, engine, fluid drive, and clutch,
ply with applicable U.S. standards.
used in series to drive the pump.
1-1
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1- 2 API STANDAR6D10
- 0E
a-
f,
B
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