Table Of ContentDOCUMENT RESUME
FL 014 918
ED 255 036
.
AUTHOR
Jacobson; Steven A.; McGary, Jane, Ed.
Central Yup'ik and the Schools. A Handbook for
TITLE
'Teachers.
.
Alaska State Dept. of Education, Juneau.
INSTITUTION
Bilingual/Bicu mural Education Programs.
.
SPONS AGENCY
Rights (ED), Washington, DC-.
Office of Civi
PUB DATE
84
.
G008200907
GRANT
""
'1
53p.; For related documents, see FL 014 919-920.
NOTE.
Classroom Use
Report% - Descriptive (141) -- Guides
PUB TYPE
- Guides (For Teachers)
(052)
EDRS PRkCE
MF01/PC03 'Plu4 Postage.
*Alaska,Natives; Bilingual Education; Cultural
DESCRIPTORS
,
Infiuences; Dialects; Enrollment Rate; *Eskimo Aleut
Languages; Gr mmar; Information Sources;
Instructional Materials; Language Attitudes;
*Language Usa e; Linguistic Borrowing; *Minority
Language Instruction; Nonverbal
Groups; Nativ
Communication, Oral Langualge; Phonology;
Pronunciation; *Sociocultural Patterns
*YUpik; *Yupi
IDENTIFIERS
'Eskimos'
ABSTRACT
a series of handbooks designed to
This is one of
ngual-bicultural education and special
assist classroom teachers, bil
lors, and school administrators in
education program staff, couns
ents from native Alaskan language
instructional services for stu
1 and linguiitic characteristics of
groups. The unique sociocultur
to'the school setting are addressed in
Yup'ik speakers as they relate
es such ss recommended readings; a
this volume.' Educational resour
fling students from this group; and
listing.:of school districts enr
sources of information, materia
s, and instructional assistance ',are
bution of Eskimo languages throughout
provided. A map shows the distr
on discusses the study of language in
the Arctic and a prefatory sect
ress theie topics: the Aleut-Eskimo
general-. Subsequent sections ad
Yup'ik in it, dibiects
language family and the place of
languages, literacy and educatio
in Central Yup'ik, the. Yup'i,k
Writing system, bilingual educat
on, a comparison of. Yup'ik"anoi.
1 English, Igup!ik-influenCed.'
English (phonology, grammar, 1.0c
communication, 'linguistic borrowing,
English, discourse and nonverbal
e teacher's role), and the Yup'ik
the Yup'ik numeral system, and t
ti of resources, and
Eskimo culture. A Yup'ik alphabet
chart,
enrollment data are.also included
(MSE)
1
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are the best that can be made'
ReproduCtions supplied by EDR
*
from the on
final document..
a
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U s. OIPANTMINT
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EOUDATiON
EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION
CENTER IFRIC1
)0, This. document hes been reproduced as
received IrOm the person or organization
kvi Central Yup'ik
originating it
Minor changes have oven made to improve
l
t
reproduction quality
and the Schools
Points of view or opinions stated in this docu
menu do not mu immunity represent othcrel NIE
Position or nolir,v.
:'PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS
MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY
A HandbOok for Teachers
,410A0.left 0E$4,
TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES
INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)."
t,
ii'
Alaska. Department of Education
Bilingual/Bicultural Education, Programs
Juneau, Alaska
a
CENTRAL YUP'IK
AND THE
SCHOOLS
A Handbook for
Tekhers
Written by
Steven A. Jacobson
Edited by
Jane McGary
Alaska Native Language Center
Developed by
Alaski Department of Education
Bilingual/Bicultural Education Programs
Juneau. Alaska
1984
,
$
1
This publication was. funded by a grant from the U. S. Department of
Education, Civil Rights Technical Assistance and Training Programs.
Grant Number 6008200907. The opinions expressed herein do not.
however, necessarily reflect the positions or poliCy of the U. S. Depart-
ment of Education: no official endorsement by the U. S. Department
of Education should he inferred.
The right to reproduce all or any part of this-publication in
any form.
including photoxerography, microfilm, or microfiche, is reserved by
the Alaska Department of Education.
.1
Statement of Nondiscrimination: It Is the policy of the Alaska State Ikpanment o1
ucation to provide equal education 1(nd employment opportunities and to provideser-
vice. and benefits to all students and employees without regard to racecolor.
natio
origin. sex, age. physical handicap. or veteran status. This pollicykV in accor-
dance wt
the laws enforced by thd Department of Health. Education and Welfare and
the Ikparn ni of Labor, including Presidential Executive Order I 12.46
amended:
Title VI and
101 the 1964 Civil Rights. Act: Title IX of the Education Amendment
id 1972. Title 4
parts 0-1. (0 -2, and 60-50: Sections 799A and 845 of the Public
Health Service Act where appliable: Section 514 of the Rehabilitation Act; and Alaska
Stature 18.80.220. Inquiries regarding the application of these and other regulations
should be directed to either th4 Affirmative Action Officer of tile State Department 01
Education or i0 the Office of civil R ights..Depurtment of Health. Education and Wel.
(arc, Washington, 1).0
Puhlis'hed and Disseminated by
1)epart mem of Education
Pouch F
Juneau, .Alaska 99811
BEST
.
i.,
COPY
Firm Printing,tine, 1984
500 coplies
Cover photo: Doll ramify: made by Susie Brown. Eck. Photo by Chris
Arend.
courtesy of Alaska StateiCouncil on the Arts.
1.
t
$romorimmisiol
7.,
va,
PREFACE
Alaska has always
had a multiplicity
of languages and
cultures..Unti I 1930,
Aliiska Natives made
up the majority of the
State's population,
speaking twenty:
Alaska Na(ivt languages,
often English. and
sometimes Rustian.
.Today, Alaska
,
Native students comprise
approximate'
per cent of .the language
minority students
enrolled in Alaska's
puhlic school
bilingual-bicultural
education programs.
These stu-
dents.are from the
Aleut, Arhabaskan,
Eskimo, Raida. Tlingit
.and:Fsimshian language
groups. Other major language
groups en-
rolled in
programs include Spanish,'
Korean, Pilipino,
Russian,
Japanese, and Vietnamese,
The Department
of Education has
developed a series of
hand-
book designed
to assist classroom teachers,
bilingual-bicultural
education and special
education
program staff, counselors and
school administrators
in improving
instructional services for
stu-
demi; from
Athiihaskan. Inupiaq,
and Yup'ik language
groups.
These handhtioks address
the unique socio(!ultural
and linguistic
characteristics of each
group as they relay:, to the
school setting.
They also provide
educational
resources such as recommended
readings, listings of schoolitistricts
enrolling students from
each
group, and sources of
information, materials and
instructional as-
sistance for each language
group.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The Alaska Department of Education
wishes to recognize the
individuals who assisted in completing
this handbook
.
Major presentations
on the -Yup'ik language. and culture
were made at the Department's summer institute
on Bilingual/
Special Education, Fairbanks, 1983,
by John Pingayak of the
('hcvak Schools and by Steven .Jacobsoli,
Assistant Professor of
Eskimo, University of Alaska, Fairbanks.
,Members of the staff
of the Alaska Native Language
Center who .have contributed
to
the planning and writing of this work
include Lawrence Kaphin,
Chad Thompson, Irene Reed, and Jane
McGary.
While each .handbook benefited
from the assistance of these
individuals, final responfiibility for
the handbook rests with the
Alaska Department of Education.
'.41
CONTENTS
&
6
Map
:
8
The Study of Language
h
iew of the Es1:iino-Aleut Language Family
and the Place of Yupik 'in it
12
.The Pskimo and Aleut Languages
12
The Yupik Languages
13
Dialects within Languages
15
Literacy and Education in Central Yupik
IS
The Development of Yupik Writing
15
The Modern Yupik Writing System.
16
Bilingual Education
18
Yup'ik Compared with English:
Implications for Teachers
19
Differences in Sounds
19
How Important is Pronunciation?
21
))
Differences in Grammar
Yup'ik Grammar and Local English
15
The Teacher and Yup'ik-Influenced English
29
Discourse and Non-verbal CoMmunication
Borrowing Words from One Language into Another
33
The Yupik Numeral. System
34
.
.
A Brief Note on Yup'ik Eskimo Culttire
Conclusion
Yupik Alphabet Chart
40
Selected Resources
41
Further Sources of Information and Assistance
45
Districts Serving Yupik-Speaking
Students.
46
,l
ii
alp
FOREWOFD:
Purpose
'This handbook ha9been designed to assist school districts in
providing effective educational services to students from the
Yup' ik language group.
This is one of three handbooks developed to increase 'school
districts' anJ school personnel's understanding of selected Alaska
Native language groups. They have tyeen designed for use by ad-
ministrators and all school .staff who have responsibilities for the
schooling of these students..
.
Development of the Handbook
The development of this handbook began in August, 1983,
infOrmation regarding cuitural and lin-
in response to the need for
guistic factors which should be understood in the school-setting.
It is dif-
This handbook should be regarded as. a first edition.
,
heterogeneity
ficult. in one volume to depict the uniqueness and
recognized. that
that characterize this language group. It should be
.
vaifiety of
is complex and diverse, having a
any language group
experiences. Much
needsand characteristics based upon different
need to be. done to ensure successful
more research and work
in Alaska.
schooling for this and other minority language groups
.
Mike Travis
Program Manager
Bilingual/Bicultural Education Programs
'So
CENTRAL YUP'IK
Alk
AND THE SCHOOLS
.1
N
%
% inuplaq;
1,.. - -
lJnallq
/ Nor lony
/
area
/N
Yupikl
Athabaskan
Sound;
'CWIII
'..,
moo
Hooped
Bayl
Nelson I.
Nunivak I. j
1
CD
,
(Central) YupIk
Cr)
u_i
CCI
Bristol Bay
The upper map shows the distribution offskimo languages ihroughout the
Arctic. The lower map shows the territory of Central Yup'ik. with the areas
ofinakedly divergent diiilccis Unaliti and Kollik I Norton Sound!. Hooper
Bay-('hevak :and Nunivak) indicated.
al 0
K
