CENTER FOR THE STUDY OF PHILANTHROPY ANGELO T. ANGELIS Anglo-American Protestant ...

194 Pages·2008·5 MB·English

CENTER FOR THE STUDY OF
PHILANTHROPY
ANGELO T. ANGELIS
Anglo-American Protestant Philanthropy,
1600 to the Present
CURRICULUM C;[lIDE # 5
Kathleen D. McCarthy
Centerfor the Study ofPhilanthropy
Director
THIS PROJECT HAS BEEN FUNDED BYA GENEROUS GRANT FROM
THE ~K KELLOGG FOUNDATION
BarbaraLuria Leopold
Series Editor
Multicultural PhilanthropyCurriculum Guides
Copyright © 1999, Center for the Study ofPhilanthropy
All Rights Reserved
INTRODUCTION TO THE MULTICULTURAL PHILANTHROPY
CURRICULUM PROJECT
Giving and voluntarism are deeply ingrained traditions in American life. Yetthese activities are
frequently overlooked in the curricula ofthe nation's colleges and universities, or mistakenly por
trayed as the exclusive province ofelites.
To address this, the Center for the Study ofPhilanthropyat the Graduate School and University
Center ofthe CityUniversity ofNew Yorkis developing avariety ofmaterials to illuminate the
significance ofphilanthropic activities at every level ofsociety. A series ofcurriculum guides is
one ofseveral resources designed to encourage the development ofundergraduate, graduate and
extension courses on multicultural philanthropy.
These materials reflect avariety ofdisciplinary approaches, examining the ways in which
eleven different (but not necessarilymutually exclusive) groups-women, Catholics, Protestants,
Jews, African Americans, Latinos, Northern Europeans, Southern and Eastern Europeans,
Middle-Easterners, South and SoutheastAsians, and East Asians-historicallyused their gifts of
time and money to create nonprofit institutions, forge public/private partnerships, promote social
and legislative change, build communities, and participate in public polieymaking at the local,
state and federal levels.
Each curriculum guide considers avariety offactors including: 1)the traditions ofcharityand
mutual aid that different groups brought with them to the United States; 2) the ways in which
these practices were adapted to the American social and political context; and 3) the role ofphil
anthropy (i.e., the giving oftime, money and/or valuables for public benefit) in enabling each
group to claim a public role within the American democratic system.
Identification ofthe relevant literature has been another important goal. Each guide includes an
annotated bibliography and additional bibliographic citations, which ultimatelywill also be avail
able aspart ofa regularly-updated, comprehensive, on-line database on international philan
thropy. Additional information on the on-line bibliography can be obtained by visiting the
Center's website at: www.philanthropy.org.
The curriculum guides and annotated bibliography, together with the other components ofthe
initiative-volunteer guides, video/television programming, faculty seminars, and a Distinguished
Lecturer series-reflect the Center's ongoing commitment to enhancing public understanding of
the role that philanthropyhas historicallyplayed within the multicultural mosaic ofAmerican
society.
Anglo-American Protestant Philanthropy, 1600to thePresent
Architect'sdrawingoftheRiversideBuilding,builtbythe ParkAvenue
BaptistChurchatRiversideDrive and 122dStreet,New YorkCity.
Thechurch continues tobeaProtestantcenterforsocialjusticeand
communityoutreachprograms. PhotographcourtesyoftheRockefeller
ArchiveCenter.
Missionary activitiesinChina advancedU.S.foreign policy,preparingthewayforexpandedeco
nomic andcultural exchange.Here,AbbyAldrichRockefeller(secondwomanfromleft),
PresidentHsu Shih-Chang(fifth fromright), andJohnD. Rockefeller,Jr. (fourth from right)
attend areceptionattheWinterPalace,Peking, China, September17,1921. Photographcourtesy
oftheRockefellerArchiveCenter.
Anglo-American Protestant Philanthropy, 1600 to the Present
1
Table ofContents
Part I. Anglo American Protestant Philanthropy, 1
1600 to the Present
ByAngelo T:Angelis
Introduction
Unit 1. Protestantism in America 5
Possible Uses as aModule
Discussion Questions
Research Topics
Suggested Readings
Background Readings
Sources
Unit 2. Voluntarism and Philanthropy 11
Possible Uses as aModule
Discussion Questions
Research Topics
Suggested Readings
Background Readings
Sources
Unit 3. Church and State 17
Possible Uses as aModule
Discussion Questions
Research Topics
Suggested Readings
Background Readings
Sources
Unit 4. Women and Protestant Philanthropy 23
Possible Uses as aModule
Discussion Questions
Research Topics
Suggested Readings
Background Readings
Sources
Anglo-American Protestant Philanthropy, 1600to thePresent
11
Unit 5. African-American Philanthropy 29
Possible Uses as aModule
Discussion Questions
Research Topics
Suggested Readings
Sources
Unit 6. Colonial America 35
Possible Uses as aModule
Discussion Questions
Research Topics
Suggested Readings
Background Readings
Sources
Unit 7. Revolution and Republic 41
Possible Uses as aModule
Discussion Questions
Research Topics
Suggested Readings
Background Readings
Sources
Unit 8. Antebellum Revivalism and Reform 49
Possible Uses as aModule
Discussion Questions
Research Topics
Suggested Readings
Background Readings
Sources
Unit 9. Slavery, Abolition and the Civil War 55
Possible Uses as aModule
Discussion Questions
Research Topics
Suggested Readings
Background Readings
Source
Unit 10. American Expansion: Immigration, 61
Industrialization, and Urbanization
Possible Uses as aModule
Discussion Questions
Anglo-American Protestant Philanthropy, 1600 to the Present
111
Research Topics
Suggested Readings
Background Readings
Sources
Unit 11. American Expansion: Foreign Missions 67
Possible Uses as aModule
Discussion Questions
Research Topics
Suggested Readings
Background Readings
Sources
Unit 12. The Social Gospel 73
Possible Uses as aModule
Discussion Questions
Research Topics
Suggested Readings
Background Readings
Sources
Unit 13. The Early Twentieth Century: 79
Progressivism, Depression and War
Possible Uses as aModule
Discussion Questions
Research Topics
Suggested Readings
Background Readings
Sources
Unit 14. The Late Twentieth Century and Beyond 87
Possible Uses as aModule
Discussion Questions
Research Topics
Suggested Readings
Background Readings
Sources
Part II. The ProtestantMissionary and Social Reform 95
Experience: Sources and Trends in North
America, Great Britain, and Northern Europe
ByAngelo T. Angelis
Anglo-American Protestant Philanthropy, 1600to the Present
IV
Part III. Annotated Selected Bibliography 107
ByAngelo T. Angelis, with contributions by Ariel
Rosenblum, Elsa Davidson, Kacy Wiggins, and Ted
"Wisniewski
A. Protestantism, Social Reform and Charitable 107
Institutions
B. MissionaryActivities Overseas 142
C. Manuscript Collections, Archives & 161
Organizational Materials
Part ~ Additional Citations 169
Collected by Ariel Rosenblum, Kacy "Wiggins, and
Ted "Wisniewski
Part~ Contributors 175
Anglo-American Protestant Philanthropy, 1600 to the Present 1
Anglo-American Protestant Philanthropy, 1600 to the
Present
By Angelo T. Angelis
Introduction T hroughout its history, American Protestantism has played a domi
nant role within the country's philanthropic community.
Benefitting from their national presence and majority membership, the
Protestant churches have consistently succeeded in mobilizing volun
tary labor and charitable donations by providing the needed organiza
tional structure and motivation. In doing so, American Protestantism
has played a major role in shaping the social agenda as a whole.
Over the course of three centuries, American religious philanthropy
appears to have gone full circle. The mainstay of social welfare in the
settlement communities of British North America, Protestant philan
thropy continued to provide the major share ofbenevolence following
the American Revolution. During the nineteenth and twentieth cen
turies, Protestant philanthropy became a senior partner in state-spon
sored social welfare programs, underwriting, supplementing and often
shaping the direction ofsocial welfare in the United States. Beginning
in the 1980s, the disengagement ofthe state has shifted the burden of
social welfare away from public and back to private sources ofphilan
thropy. Once again, various religious organizations are being called on
to meet the challenge of need in a progressively more complex and
diverse society.
In a sense, the return to limited government, underwritten by the
Reagan-Bush-Clinton administrations, has begunto shiftthe care ofthe
poor, mentally ill, elderly, and dependent onto their families and local
communities. In turn, this creates new demands for private philan
thropy. Itseems logical, therefore, thatathorough understandingofthe
experience ofProtestantphilanthropyin Americawill help scholars and
experts understand the currentstatus ofphilanthropyand social welfare,
allowing them to develop responses as social pressures mount.