Centennial of Powered Flight: A Retospective of Aerospace Research (Library of Flight Series)

390 Pages·2003·49.84 MB·English

by  Gerard M. Faeth

Foreword
Thispublicationwaspreparedinordertocommemoratethe100thanniversaryoftheremarkableachievementofthefirstflightby
theWrightBrotherson17December1903.Theobjectiveofthispublicationistoreprintarticlesthathaveunusualsignificance
totheadvancementofthescienceandtechnologyofaeronauticsandastronauticsthathaveappearedintheAIAAJournaland
itspredecessors.Thisincludesthefollowingjournals:
JournaloftheAeronauticalSciences,Vols.1–24,1934–1957
JournaloftheAerospaceSciences,Vols.25–29,1958–1962
ARSJournal,Vols.1–32,1930–1962
AIAAJournal,Vols.1–40,1963–2002
The history of these journals developed as follows: the Journal of the Aeronautical Sciences was briefly followed by the
Journal of the Aerospace Sciencesbefore it was merged with theARS Journalin 1963 to form theAIAA Journal.TheARS
Journalitselfhasalsobeenknownbyanumberofothernames,asfollows:
Bulletin,June1930–April1932
Astronautics,May1932–1944
JournaloftheAmericanRocketSociety,1945–1953
JetPropulsion,1954–1958.
Inaddition,Nos.1–85,June1930–June1951,havenovolumenumbersbutconstituteVol.1–21(No.4)oftheJournalofthe
AmericanRocketSociety(calledtheAmericanInterplanetarySocietyintheperiodJune1930–March1934).
The nomination of articles to be included in this publication was open to all readers of the AIAA Journal. The request for
nominationsresultedinthenominationofmorethantwohundredarticlesfromwhichthearticlesthatappearinthispublication
werechosen.ThefinalselectionwasmadebymembersoftheEditorialBoardoftheAIAAJournal(theEditor-in-Chiefandthe
AssociateEditors),aswellasthemembersoftheEditorialAdvisoryBoardoftheAIAAJournal,bothfortheperiodJanuary
2000 to September 2002. Their names appear on the following page. Finally, individuals who were authors or co-authors of
nominatedarticlesdidnotparticipateinthefinalselectionofarticlestobeincludedinthispublication.
The articles are organized in accord with the main subject headings that are currently in use for the journal. They are as
follows: Aircraft Technology, Conventional, STOL/VTOL, seven articles; Fluid Dynamics, twenty-four articles; Propulsion,
twoarticles;StructuralMechanicsandMaterials,threearticles.Withineachsubjectheading,thearticlesarelistedintheorder
oftheirappearanceinthejournals.Earlyarticlesweredefinitelyfavoredduringtheselectionprocess,nodoubtbecausetimein
thepublishedliteratureprovidesmoreopportunitytoevaluatethesignificanceofaparticulararticle;therefore,themostrecent
articleinthispublicationappearedin1982.
Onlythirty-sixarticlescouldbeaccommodatedinthispublication;asaresult,itwasnecessarytoomitmanyexcellentpapers
that have appeared in the AIAA Journal and its predecessors, which have been important contributions to the literature of
the fields of aeronautics and astronautics. In the period of publication of the AIAA Journal and its predecessors up to 1982,
submission of articles to the journal was dominated by articles considering Fluid Dynamics, which clearly accounts for the
predominanceofarticles that appearin this area. Asimilarexercise consideringarticlessubsequentto 1982 wouldno doubt
resultinamuchlargerpercentageofarticlesinareasotherthanFluidDynamics,particularlyintheareaofStructuralMechanics
andMaterials,whichwouldbemoretypicalofcurrentsubmissionstotheAIAAJournal.Inviewofthespacelimitationsofthis
publication,theomissionofnumerousimportantnominatedpaperswaspainful;nevertheless,theauthorsofarticlesappearingin
thispublicationcertainlyincludemanyoftheleadingworkersinaeronauticsandastronauticsresearchduringthe20thcentury.
Theirefforts,representedbythearticlesappearinginthispublication,shouldamplyservetomotivatecontemporaryworkers
inthefieldtoachievesimilarlevelsofqualityandimpactintheirresearchpublications.
GerardM.Faeth
UniversityofMichigan
Editor-in-Chief,AIAAJournal(1997–2002)
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PAPERSELECTIONCOMMITTEE
EDITOR-IN-CHIEF JamesC.Hermanson EDITORIALADVISORYBOARD
GerardM.Faeth EricRaymondJohnson SatyaN.Atluri
K.Kailasanath DennisM.Bushnell
ASSOCIATEEDITORS JohnKallinderis EarlH.Dowell
SureshK.Aggarwal EliLivne EdwardM.Greitzer
MedhiAhmadian RobertP.Lucht RobertG.Loewy
HafizMAtassi AchilleMessac RobertW.MacCormack
PromodeR.Bandyopadhyay PhillipJ.Morris SimonOstrach
AmrM.Baz AnthonyN.Palazotto EliReshotko
JosetteR.Bellan ChristopherPierre AnatolRoshko
AlexBerman AllenPlotkin GeorgeW.Springer
GrahamV.Candler SunilSaigal ByronD.Tapley
AditiChattopadhyay MohammedSamimy RaymondViskanta
WilliamJ.Devenport PasqualeM.Sforza FormanA.Williams
KirtiN.Ghia KunigalN.Shivakumar IsraelJ.Wygnanski
PeymanGivi MartinSichel
IskenderGo¨kalp RonaldM.C.So
JayavantP.Gore AnthonyM.Waas
CENTENNIALOFPOWEREDFLIGHT
Table of Contents
AIRCRAFTTECHNOLOGY,CONVENTIONAL,STOL/VTOL
ProblemsoftheTransoceanicAirplane...................................................................I.I.Sikorsky 1
(ReprintedfromJournaloftheAeronauticalSciences,Vol.3,No.9,1936,pp.318–321)
AirfoilTheoryforNon-UniformMotion................................................Th.vonKa´rma´nandW.R.Sears 5
(ReprintedfromJournaloftheAeronauticalSciences,Vol.5,No.10,1938,pp.379–390)
SomeAspectsofNon-StationaryAirfoilTheoryandItsPracticalApplication...............................W.R.Sears 17
(ReprintedfromJournaloftheAeronauticalSciences,Vol.8,No.3,1941,pp.104–108)
TheDesignofHigh-SpeedMilitaryAirplanes............................................................C.L.Johnson 22
(ReprintedfromJournaloftheAeronauticalSciences,Vol.8,No.12,1941,pp.467–474)
Three-DimensionalWingFlutterAnalysis...................................................................A.H.Flax 30
(ReprintedfromJournaloftheAeronauticalSciences,Vol.10,No.2,1943,pp.41–47)
TheDragProblematHighSupersonicSpeeds..........................................................A.Busemann 37
(ReprintedfromJournaloftheAeronauticalSciences,Vol.16,No.6,1949,pp.337–344)
OurHeritagefromWilburandOrvilleWright.............................................................H.L.Dryden 45
(ReprintedfromJournaloftheAeronauticalSciences,Vol.20,No.12,1953,pp.803–804)
FLUIDDYNAMICS
TurbulenceandSkinFriction..........................................................................Th.vonKa´rma´n 47
(ReprintedfromJournaloftheAeronauticalSciences,Vol.1,No.1,1934,pp.1–20)
TheFundamentalsoftheStatisticalTheoryofTurbulence.............................................Th.vonKa´rma´n 67
(ReprintedfromJournaloftheAeronauticalSciences,Vol.4,No.4,1937,pp.131–138)
TheTheoryofIsotropicTurbulence......................................................................H.L.Dryden 75
(ReprintedfromJournaloftheAeronauticalSciences,Vol.4,No.7,1937,pp.273–280)
TheStatisticalTheoryofIsotropicTurbulence..............................................................G.I.Taylor 83
(ReprintedfromJournaloftheAeronauticalSciences,Vol.4,No.8,1937,pp.311–315)
LaminarBoundary-LayerOscillationsandStabilityofLaminarFlow...........G.B.SchubauerandH.K.Skramstad 88
(ReprintedfromJournaloftheAeronauticalSciences,Vol.14,No.2,1947,pp.69–78)
SupersonicAerodynamics—PrinciplesandApplications..............................................Th.vonKa´rma´n 98
(ReprintedfromJournaloftheAeronauticalSciences,Vol.14,No.7,1947,pp.373–402)
MethodsforPredictingPhenomenaintheHigh-SpeedFlowofGases....................................M.J.Lighthill 128
(ReprintedfromJournaloftheAeronauticalSciences,Vol.16,No.2,1949,pp.69–83)
ApplicationsoftheTheoryofFreeMoleculeFlowtoAeronautics............................................H.Ashley 143
(ReprintedfromJournaloftheAeronauticalSciences,Vol.16,No.2,1949,pp.95–104)
Temperature and Velocity Profiles in theCompressibleLaminar BoundaryLayer with Arbitrary Distribution of Surface
Temperature......................................................................D.R.ChapmanandM.W.Rubesin 153
(ReprintedfromJournaloftheAeronauticalSciences,Vol.16,No.9,1949,pp.547–565)
TheLaminar-TurbulentTransitioninaBoundaryLayer—PartI..........................................H.W.Emmons 172
(ReprintedfromJournaloftheAeronauticalSciences,Vol.18,No.7,1951,pp.490–498)
AMixingTheoryfortheInteractionBetweenDissipativeFlowsandNearlylsentropicStreams...L.CroccoandL.Lees 181
(ReprintedfromJournaloftheAeronauticalSciences,Vol.19,No.10,1952,pp.649–676)
TheoreticalDeterminationoftheMinimumDragofAirfoilsatSupersonicSpeeds...........................R.T.Jones 209
(ReprintedfromJournaloftheAeronauticalSciences,Vol.19,No.12,1952,pp.813–822)
TurbulenceinSupersonicFlow....................................................................L.S.G.Kova´sznay 219
(ReprintedfromJournaloftheAeronauticalSciences,Vol.20,No.10,1953,pp.657–674,682)
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TurbulentBoundaryLayersinAdversePressureGradients..............................................F.H.Clauser 238
(ReprintedfromJournaloftheAeronauticalSciences,Vol.21,No.2,1954,pp.91–108)
EngineeringRelationsforFrictionandHeatTransfertoSurfacesinHighVelocityFlow.................E.R.G.Eckert 256
(ReprintedfromJournaloftheAeronauticalSciences,Vol.22,No.8,1955,pp.585–587)
OnTurbulentFlowNearaWall.......................................................................E.R.vanDriest 259
(ReprintedfromJournaloftheAeronauticalSciences,Vol.23,No.11,1956,pp.1007–1011,1036)
TheSupersonicBlunt-BodyProblem—ReviewandExtension.................... ....................M.D.VanDyke 265
(ReprintedfromJournaloftheAeronauticalSciences,Vol.25,No.8,1958,pp.485–496)
ObservationofHighIntensityRadiationbySatellites1958AlphaandGamma........................................
........................................................J.A.VanAllen,G.H.Ludwig,E.C.Ray,C.E.Mcllwain 277
(ReprintedfromJetPropulsion,Vol.28,No.9,1958,pp.588–592)
JetNoise...............................................................................................M.J.Lighthill 282
(ReprintedfromAIAAJournal,Vol.1,No.7,1963,pp.1507–1517)
StabilityTheoryforaPairofTrailingVortices............................... ...............................S.C.Crow 293
(ReprintedfromAIAAJournal,Vol.8,No.12,1970,pp.2172–2179)
CalculationofPlaneSteadyTransonicFlows............................................E.M.MurmanandJ.D.Cole 301
(ReprintedfromAIAAJournal,Vol.9,No.1,1971,pp.114–121)
StructureofTurbulentShearFlows:ANewLook...........................................................A.Roshko 309
(ReprintedfromAIAAJournal,Vol.14,No.10,1976,pp.1349–1357)
AnImplicitFactoredSchemefortheCompressibleNavier-StokesEquations..........R.M.BeamandR.F.Warming 318
(ReprintedfromAIAAJournal,Vol.16,No.4,1978,pp.393–402)
ANumericalMethodforSolvingtheEquationsofCompressibleViscousFlow.....................R.W.MacCormack 328
(ReprintedfromAIAAJournal,Vol.20,No.9,1982,pp.1275–1281)
PROPULSION
ATheoryofUnstableCombustioninLiquidPropellantRocketSystems...............................M.Summerfield 335
(ReprintedfromJournaloftheAmericanRocketSociety,Vol.21,No.5,1951,pp.108–114)
High-FrequencyCombustionInstabilityinRocketMotorwithConcentratedCombustion.....L.CroccoandS.-ICheng 342
(ReprintedfromJournaloftheAmericanRocketSociety,Vol.23,No.5,1953,pp.301–313,322)
STRUCTURALMECHANICSANDMATERIALS
LaminarHeatTransferOverBlunt-NosedBodiesatHypersonicFlightSpeeds.................................L.Lees 356
(ReprintedfromJetPropulsion,Vol.26,No.4,1956,pp.259–269,274)
BucklingofThin-WalledCircularCylindersUnderAxialCompressionandInternalPressure...........................
.........................................................................................Y.C.FungandE.E.Sechler 367
(ReprintedfromJournaloftheAeronauticalSciences,Vol.24,No.5,1957,pp.351–356)
TheoryofStagnationPointHeatTransferinDissociatedAir.................................J.A.FayandF.R.Riddell 373
(ReprintedfromJournaloftheAeronauticalSciences,Vol.25,No.2,1958,pp.73–85,121)