Cellular Mechanotransduction: Diverse Perspectives from Molecules to Tissues

496 Pages·2009·11.432 MB·English

by  Mohammad R. K. Mofrad, Roger D. Kamm

CELLULAR MECHANOTRANSDUCTION
‘‘Mechanotransduction’’isthetermfortheability,firstdescribedbynineteenth-
centuryanatomistJuliusWolff,oflivingtissuestosensemechanicalstressand
respondbytissueremodeling.Morerecently,thescopeofmechanotransduction
hasbeenexpandedtoincludethesensationofstress,itstranslationintoabio-
chemicalsignal,andthesequenceofbiologicalresponsesitproduces.Thisbook
looksatmechanotransductioninamorerestrictedsense,focusingonthepro-
cessofstresssensingandtransducingamechanicalforceintoacascadeofbio-
chemicalsignals.Thisstresshasbecomeincreasinglyrecognizedasoneofthe
primaryandessentialfactorscontrollingbiologicalfunctions,ultimatelyaffect-
ing the function of the cells, tissues, and organs. A primary goal of this broad
book is also to help define the new field of mechanomics, which attempts to
describethecompletemechanicalstateofabiologicalsystem.
Dr.MohammadR.K.MofradiscurrentlyAssistantProfessorofBioengineer-
ing at the University of California, Berkeley, where he is also an affiliated
faculty member of graduate programs in applied science and technology and
biophysics. Dr. Mofrad received his B.A.Sc. degree from Sharif University of
Technology.AfterearningM.A.Sc.andPh.D.degreesfromtheUniversitiesof
Waterloo and Toronto, respectively, he spent two years at MIT and Harvard
Medical School/Massachusetts General Hospital as a post-doctoral Fellow.
Before joining the faculty at Berkeley, Dr. Mofrad was a Principal Research
ScientistatMITfornearlytwoyears.AtBerkeley,hehasdevelopedandtaught
several courses, including Cell Mechanics and Mechanotransduction and
Molecular Cell Biomechanics. He is the founder of the Mechanotransduction
KnowledgebaseWebsite,mechanotransduction.org.
Dr.RogerD.Kammhaslongbeeninterestedinbiomechanics,beginningwithhis
workinvascularandpulmonaryphysiologyandleadingtohismorerecentwork
incellandmolecularmechanicsinthecontextofcellularresponsestomechanical
stress.Dr.KammhasbeenonthefacultyatMITsincereceivinghisPh.D.in1977
andnowholdsajointappointmentintheBiologicalEngineeringandMechan-
ical Engineering Departments. He is currently the Chair of the U.S. National
CommitteeonBiomechanicsandtheWorldCouncilonBiomechanics,andheis
DirectoroftheGlobalEnterpriseforMicroMechanicsandMolecularMedicine.
Kammhasalong-standinginterestinbioengineeringeducation,directsaNational
InstituteofHealth–fundedbiomechanicstrainingprogram;co-chairedthecom-
mittee to form MIT’s new undergraduate major in biological engineering; and
helpedtodevelopMIT’scourseonmolecular,cellular,andtissuebiomechanics.

Cellular Mechanotransduction
diverse perspectives from molecules to tissues
Edited by
Mohammad R. K. Mofrad
UniversityofCaliforniaBerkeley
Roger D. Kamm
MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology
cambridgeuniversitypress
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(cid:2)CambridgeUniversityPress2010
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Firstpublished2010
PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica
AcatalogrecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary.
LibraryofCongressCataloginginPublicationData
Mofrad,MohammadR.K.
Cellularmechanotransduction:diverseperspectivesfrommoleculestotissues/
editedbyMohammadMofrad,RogerKamm.
p.cm.
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN978-0-521-89523-1(hardback)
1.Cells–Mechanicalproperties.I.Kamm,RogerD.II.Title.
QH645.5.M642009
571.6–dc22 2008049985
ISBN978-0-521-89523-1Hardback
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Contents
Contributors pagevii
Preface xi
1. Introduction
RogerD.KammandMohammadR.K.Mofrad. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2. EndothelialMechanotransduction
PeterF.DaviesandBrianP.Helmke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
3. Role ofthePlasmaMembraneinEndothelialCell
Mechanosensation ofShearStress
PeterJ.ButlerandShuChien . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
4. Mechanotransduction byMembrane-MediatedActivation
ofG-ProteinCoupledReceptorsandG-Proteins
Yan-LiangZhang,JohnA.Frangos,andMirianasChachisvilis . . . . . . 89
5. CellularMechanotransduction: Interactionswiththe
Extracellular Matrix
AndrewD.DoyleandKennethM.Yamada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
6. Role ofIonChannelsinCellularMechanotransduction –Lessons
from theVascular Endothelium
AbdulI.BarakatandAndreaGojova . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
7. TowardaModularAnalysis ofCellMechanosensingand
Mechanotransduction: AManual forCellMechanics
BenjaminJ.Dubin-ThalerandMichaelP.Sheetz . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
8. TensegrityasaMechanismforIntegratingMolecularand
CellularMechanotransduction Mechanisms
DonaldE.Ingber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
9. Nuclear MechanicsandMechanotransduction
ShinjiDeguchiandMasaakiSato. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220
v
vi Contents
10. Microtubule BendingandBreakinginCellular
Mechanotransduction
AndrewD.Bicek,DominiqueSeetapun,andDavidJ.Odde . . . . . . . 234
11. AMolecularPerspectiveonMechanotransduction in
FocalAdhesions
SeungE.Lee,RogerD.Kamm,andMohammadR.K.Mofrad. . . . . . 250
12. ProteinConformationalChange:AMolecularBasisof
Mechanotransduction
GangBao . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269
13. TranslatingMechanical ForceintoDiscrete Biochemical
SignalChanges:MultimodularityImposesUniqueProperties
toMechanotransductiveProteins
VesaP.Hyto¨nen,MichaelL.Smith,andViolaVogel . . . . . . . . . . . 286
14. Mechanotransduction throughLocalAutocrineSignaling
NikolaKojicandDanielJ.Tschumperlin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339
15. TheInteractionbetweenFluid-WallShearStressandSolid
Circumferential StrainAffects EndothelialCellMechanobiology
JohnM.Tarbell. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360
16. Micro-andNanoscale ForceTechniquesforMechanotransduction
NathanJ.Sniadecki,WesleyR.Legant,andChristopherS.Chen. . . . . 377
17. Mechanical RegulationofStemCells:Implications inTissue
Remodeling
KyleKurpinski,RandallR.R.Janairo,ShuChien,andSongLi . . . . . 403
18. Mechanotransduction:Role ofNuclearPore Mechanics
andNucleocytoplasmic Transport
ChristopherB.WolfandMohammadR.K.Mofrad. . . . . . . . . . . . 417
19. SummaryandOutlook
MohammadR.K.MofradandRogerD.Kamm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 438
Index 445
Colorplatesfollowpage180
Contributors
GangBao PeterF.Davies
DepartmentofBiomedicalEngineering DepartmentofPathologyand
GeorgiaInstituteofTechnologyand LaboratoryMedicine
EmoryUniversity InstituteforMedicineand
Engineering
AbdulI.Barakat UniversityofPennsylvania
DepartmentofMechanicaland
AeronauticalEngineering
ShinjiDeguchi
UniversityofCalifornia,Davis
GraduateSchoolofNaturalScienceand
Technology
AndrewD.Bicek
OkayamaUniversity
DepartmentofBiomedicalEngineering
UniversityofMinnesota
AndrewD.Doyle
NationalInstituteofDentaland
PeterJ.Butler
CraniofacialResearch
DepartmentofBioengineering
NationalInstitutesofHealth
ThePennsylvaniaStateUniversity
MirianasChachisvilis BenjaminJ.Dubin-Thaler
LaJollaBioengineeringInstitute CellMotionLaboratories,Inc.
LaJolla,California
JohnA.Frangos
ChristopherS.Chen
LaJollaBioengineeringInstitute
DepartmentofBioengineering
LaJolla,California
UniversityofPennsylvania
ShuChien AndreaGojova
DepartmentsofBioengineeringand DepartmentofMechanicaland
Medicine AeronauticalEngineering
UniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego UniversityofCalifornia,Davis
vii
viii Contributors
BrianP.Helmke MohammadR.K.Mofrad
DepartmentofBiomedicalEngineering DepartmentofBioengineering
UniversityofVirginia UniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley
VesaP.Hyto¨nen
DavidJ.Odde
LaboratoryofBiologicallyOriented
DepartmentofBiomedical
Materials,DepartmentofMaterials
Engineering
ETHZurich
UniversityofMinnesota
DonaldE.Ingber
MasaakiSato
DepartmentsofPathologyandSurgery
DepartmentofBioengineeringand
HarvardMedicalSchoolandChildren’s
Robotics
Hospital
TohokuUniversity
RandallR.R.Janairo
DepartmentofBioengineering DominiqueSeetapun
UniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley DepartmentofBiomedical
Engineering
RogerD.Kamm UniversityofMinnesota
DepartmentsofMechanicalEngineering
andBiologicalEngineering MichaelP.Sheetz
MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology DepartmentofBiologicalSciences
ColumbiaUniversity
NikolaKojic
Harvard-MITDivisionofHealth
MichaelL.Smith
ScienceandTechnology
LaboratoryofBiologicallyOriented
Boston,Massachusetts
Materials,DepartmentofMaterials
ETHZurich
KyleKurpinski
DepartmentofBioengineering
NathanJ.Sniadecki
UniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley
DepartmentofBioengineering
UniversityofPennsylvania
SeungE.Lee
DepartmentofBioengineering
UniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley JohnM.Tarbell
DepartmentofBiomedical
WesleyR.Legant Engineering
DepartmentofBioengineering TheCityCollegeofNewYork
UniversityofPennsylvania
DanielJ.Tschumperlin
SongLi MolecularandIntegrativePhysiological
DepartmentofBioengineering Sciences
UniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley HarvardSchoolofPublicHealth