Cells, Membranes, and Disease, Including Renal

483 Pages·1988·14.222 MB·English

by  Robert Wattiaux, Simone Wattiaux-De Coninck, Véronique Carbonelle (auth.), Eric Reid, G. M. W. Cook, J. P. Luzio (eds.)

CELLS, MEMBRANES,
AN D DISEASE,
Including Renal
METHODOLOGICAL SURVEYS IN
BlOCH EMISTRY AN D ANALYSIS
Series Editor: Eric Reid
Guildford Academic Associates
72 The Chase
Guildford GU2 5UL, United Kingdom
The series is divided into Subseries A: Analysis, and B: Biochemistry
Enquiries concerning Volumes 1-11 should be sent to the above address.
Volumes 1-10 edited by Eric Reid
Volume 1 (B): Separations with Zonal Rotors
Volume 2 (B): Preparative Techniques
Volume 3 (B): Advances with Zonal Rotors
Volume 4 (B): Subcellular Studies
Volume 5 (A): Assay of Drugs and Other Trace Compounds in Biological Fluids
Volume 6 (B): Membranous Elements and Movement of Molecules
Volume 7 (A): Blood· Drugs and Other Analytical Challenges
Volume 8 (B): Cell Populations
Volume 9 (B): Plant Organelles
Volume 10 (A): Trace-Organic Sample Handling
Volume 11 (B): Cancer-Cell Organelles
Edited by Eric Reid, G. M. W. Cook, and D. J. Morre
Volume 12 (A): Drug Metabolite Isolation and Determination
Edited by Eric Reid and J. P. Leppard
(includes a cumulative compound-type index)
Volume 13 (B): Investigation of Membrane-Located Receptors
Edited by Eric Reid, G. M. W. Cook, and D. J. Morre
Volume 14 (A): Drug Determination in Therapeutic and Forensic Contexts
Edited by Eric Reid and Ian D. Wilson
Volume 15 (B): Investigation and Exploitation of Antibody Combining Sites
Edited by Eric Reid, G. M. W. Cook, and D. J. Morre
Volume 16 (A): Bioactive Analytes, Including CNS Drugs, Peptides, and Enantiomers
Edited by Eric Reid, Bryan Scales, and Ian D. Wilson
Volume 17 (B): Cells, Membranes, and Disease, Including Renal
Edited by Eric Reid, G. M. W. Cook, and J.P. Luzio
A Continuation Order Plan is available for this series. A continuation order will bring delivery of each
new volume immediately upon p~blication. Volumes are billed only upon actual shipment. For further
information please contact the publisher.
CELLS, MEMBRANES,
AND DISEASE,
Including Renal
Edited by
Eric Reid
Guildford Academic Associates
Guildford, United Kingdom
and
G. M. W. Cook
and
J.
P. Luzio
University of Cambridge
Cambridge, United Kingdom
PLENUM PRESS • NEW YORK AND LONDON
library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
International Subcellular Methodology Forum (10th: 1986: University of Surrey)
Cells, membranes, and disease, including renal.
(Methodological surveys in biochemistry and analysis; v. 17 (B))
"Based on the proceedings ofthe 10th International Subcellular Methodology Forum,
held September 1-4, 1986, at the University of Surrey, in Guildford, United Kingdom"
- T.p. verso.
Includes bibliographies and index.
1. Pathology, Cellular-Methodology-Congresses. 2. Physiology, Pathological
Methodology-Congresses. 3. Kidney-Diseases-Congresses.1. Reid, Eric, 1922-
II. Cook, G. M. W. (Geoffrey Malcolm Weston), 1938- . III. luzio, J. P. IV. Series:
Methodological surveys in biochemistry and analysis; v. 17. V. Series: Methodological
surveys in biochemistry and analysis. Subseries B, Biochemistry. [DNlM: 1. Cell Mem
branes-physiology-congresses. 2. Cells-physiology-congresses. 3. Diseases
etiology-congresses. Wl ME9612NT v.17 1 QH 601 1633 1986c]
RB25.156 1986 616.07'1 87-22060
ISBN-13: 978-1-4684-1285-7 e-ISBN-13: 978-1-4684-1283-3
DOl: 10.1007/978-1-4684-1283-3
Based on the proceedings of the 10th International Subcellular Methodology
Forum, held September 1-4, 1986, at the University of Surrey,
in Guildford, United Kingdom
© 1987 Plenum Press, New York
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1 st edition 1987
A Division of Plenum Publishing Corporation
233 Spring Street, New York, N.Y. 10013
All rights reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming,
recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher
v
Senior Editor's Preface
This volume widens the topic span of the book series. It focuses
on experimental and clinical pathology. It complements Vol. 11
(Cancer-Cell Organel les) and pays some attention to the matrix (notably
collagen) as well as the cell. It also touches on pharmacological
and nutritional abnormalities. Especial attention has been paid
to proteolysis - a notable 'growth-area'.
After a somewhat unproductive decade, prospects for elucidating
the cellular basis of pathological changes do seem to be improving,
as exemplified in this book. Certain kindred books (not methodology
oriented) purport to survey cell pathology but are dominated by
normal-cell observations, e.g. on membranes, of potential rather
than present-day applicability to cell-pathology studies. This
holds to some extent for the present book too. Yet its carefully
chosen title is reckoned unlikely to raise false expectations, whilst
open to criticism because Disease does not self-evidently embrace
cell toxicology. At least the title is an improvement on that of
the Forum which led to the book, as is amplified on p.xiv ('Forum
Co-Organizer's Foreword'). As in the past, the aim of long-term
usefulness without the shortcomings of typical 'Proceedings' was
an incentive to optimizing the sequence of articles and to thorough
edi ting and indexing. Certain special topics are colla ted in a Sub-Index.
Appreciation is expressed to authors for 'finding time' to
produce publication texts, even if delayed or requiring much editorial
rectification - which earned gratifying compliments from some authors.
Al terations to authors' texts were mainly for the sake of clarity,
consistency or crispness, or of adherence to conventions mentioned
below. No attempt was made to standardise terminology in respect
of proteinases/proteases/peptidases (see art. #E-6), desirable though
this might have been. Nor was action taken on two pet aversions,
with no easy remedy, which are now aired (comments invited!).- Where
a reaction mixture is kept for a set time at 0°, 'incubate' seems
an unhappy term; likewise the term 'staining' where, in contexts
such as electron microscopy, visualization does not involve a stain.
Some authors who 'grew up' with subcellular discoveries (e.g.
lysosomes, mid-1950's) and innovations (e.g. zonal rotors, mid-1960's)
seemed to assume that younger readers would be equally knowledgeable
and wary. For such readers, whose possible unfamiliarity with vital
concepts such as enzyme latency warranted some editorial re-phrasings,
there are some useful basic sources (besides Methods in Enzymology
I
e.g. Vol. 3lA), including: Subcellular Components (ed. G.D. Birnie;
vi Preface & Abbreviations
2nd edn.; Butterworth}, Density Gradient Centrifugation (R. Hinton &
M. Dobrota, in the North-Holland/Elsevier Laboroatory Techrriques series)
and Centrifugation (ed. D. Rickwood; IRL Press). E. Reid's advocacy
(in 1972) of 'differential pelleting' (counterpart: 'differential
banding') as a clearer term than 'differential centrifugation' has
gained adherents. Early 'B' volumes (up to Vol. 11) in the present
series, as listed opposite the title page, also offer guidance on
separating cells and subcellular elements, and on their characteri
zation. The latter, often skimped, relies largely on judicious
assays for markers, as amplified in a Forum-derived 'manifesto'
by Morre et al. (1979; Eur. J. Cell Biol. 20, 195-199) aimed at the
community of editors and referees as well as authors.
Acknowledgements. - The Forum had the benefit of planning help
from Honorary Advisers including both Co-Editors and Drs. W.H. Evans
and T.J. Peters, and of support awards from Beechams Pharmaceuticals,
Ciba-Geigy (Advanced Drug Delivery Research, Horsham) and the Cancer
Research Campaign. Two academic participants had company support
(LKB, Bromma; Nyegaard, Oslo). Certain publishers readily gave
permission to reproduce published material, as acknowledged in
individual articles. The cover 'logo' was adapted from a diagram
in Membranes and their Cellular Functions (2nd edn., ed. J.B. Finean,
R. Coleman & R.H. Michell; Blackwell, Oxford).
Conventions and abbreviations.- For density (d) values, the unit
(g/mI) is not usually stated. For mol. wts., commonly derived by
comparison with reference proteins on gels, expression in Dal tons
was felt less appropriate than Mr (or kMr , analogous to kDa). All
temperatures (O) are in degrees Celsius. Units such as M (molar)
have been favoured, although not conforming to SI practices.
Abbreviations accepted by the BiochemicalJournal without definition
need no explanation here - e.g. EDTA, Tris and, for absorbance,
A (not O.D.). Other abbreviations have been defined in the articles
concerned, but some warrant collation here:
Ab, antibody (MAb = monoclonal) i.p., intraperitoneal
BSA, bovine serum albumin i.v., intravenous
ELISA, enzyme-linked immuno- LL, lipid-lowering (hypolipidaemic)
absorbent assay PAGE, polyacrylamide gel
e.m., electron microscopy/ electrophoresis
micrograph p.m., plasma membrane
e.r., endoplasmic reticulum RIA, radioimmunoassay
FFE, free-flow electrophoresis s.a., specific activity
HPLC, high-pressure liquid s.c., subcutaneous
chromatography SDS, sodium dodecyl sulphate
Guildford Academic Associates ERIC REID
72 The Chase, Guildford
15 May 1987
Surrey GU2 5UL, U.K.
vii
Contents
The SUPPLEMENTARY ITEMS ('NOTES & COMMENTS') include discussion points.
Senior Editor's Preface, with an abbreviations list .... ...... v
List of Authors ...................................................................... xi
Forum Co-Organizer' s Foreword .........................................: .... xi v
fA INVESTIGATIVE APPROACHES TO ORGANELLE DISTURBANCES 1
#A-l Investigation of ischaemic effects on subcellular
structures by centrifugation methods - ROBERT WATTIAUX,
SIMONE WATTIAUX-DE CONINCK & VERONIQUE CARBONELLE ............ 3
#A-2 Investigation of subcellular derangements in human biopsy
material - T.J. PETERS.......................................................... 13
#A-3 Analytical subcellular studies in alcoholic liver disease
- T.J. PETERS ........................................................................ 25
#A-4 Methodological approaches in studies of altered
mitochondrial and peroxisomal S-oxidation -
HARALD OSMUNDSEN, KIM BARTLETT & H. STANLEY A. SHERRATT 35
#A-5 Pharmacological and toxicological aspects of peroxisome
proliferators - R.K. BERGE, N. AARSlETHER, A. AARSLAND & T. GHEZAI .. 53
#A-6 Studies on the mechanisms of changes produced in the
liver, thyroid, pancreas and kidney by hypolipidaemic
drugs and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate - SHIRLEY C. PRICE,
WILLIS OCHIENG, RICHARD WEAVER, GLEN FOX, FIONA E. MITCHELL,
DAWN CHESCOE, JENNY MULLERVY & RICHARD H. HINTON .............. 67
#A-7 The use of cytochrome P-450 isoenzymes as an index of
endoplasmic reticulum changes - G. GORDON GIBSON & RAJ SHARMA.. 79
IIA-8 Drug-induced mitochondrial proliferation - WILLIAM LIJINSKY.. 89
#A-9 Ultrastructural morphometric/biochemical approaches to
assessing -metal-induced cell injury - BRUCE A. FOWLER .......... 99
#A-lO Iron overload, lysosomes and free radicals -
M.J. O'CONNELL, R.J. WARD, H. BAUM & T.J. PETERS .............. 109
#A-Il Glucocerebrosidase, a membrane-associated lysosomal
enzyme deficient in Gaucher disease - A.W. SCHRAM,
J.M.F.G. AERTS, S. VAN WEELY, J.A. BARRANGER & J.M. TAGER ...... 113
#A-12 Cytochemical techniques applied to whole tissue and
tissue homogenates - J.T.R. FITZSIMONS .............................. 127
#NC(A) SUPPLEMENTARY ITEMS including a Note: 133
#NC(A)-l Immunoelectron microscopical localization of lysosomal
hydrolases in normal and I-cell fibroblasts - R. WILLEMSEN,
A. T. HOOGEVEEN, A.J.J. REUSER & J.M. VAN DONGEN .............. l35
viii Contents
IB APPROACHES DEPENDING ON SURFACE DISTINCTIONS 141
#B-l Free-flow electrophoresis: its application to the
separation of cells and cell membranes - J.M. GRAHAM,
R.B.J. WILSON & K. PATEL .................................................... 143
#B-2 Counter-current chromatography as a tool in subcellular
studies - IAN A. SUTHERLAND & DEBORAH HEYWOOOD-WADDINGTON 153
t1B-3 Flow cytometry: a tool in studying cellular
derangements - M.G. ORMEROD .................................................. 161
#B-4 Interaction of Paf-acether with the human platelet:
receptor binding and pharmacology - D. P. TUFF IN & P.J. WADE 171
tINC(B) SUPPLEMENTARY ITEMS 185
Ic PLASMA MEMBRANE AND CYTOSKELETON 187
#C-l Membrane-mediated cytotoxicity: measurement of changes
and their prevention by divalent cations - C.A. PASTERNAK 189
#C-2 Complement-mediated plasma-membrane damage: effects
on cell physiology, prospects of cell recovery and
implications for dis~ase mechanisms - J. PAUL LUZIO,
AREFAINE ABRAHA, PETER J. RICHARDSON, RICHARD A. DAW,
CAROLINE A. SEWRY, B. PAUL MORGAN & ANTHONY K. CAMPBELL .. 199
#C-3 Erythrocyte membrane derangements associated with sickle
cell disease - DAVID ALLAN & PRITt J. RAVAL .................... 211
#C-4 The membrane-cytoskeletal axis in phagocytosing PMN
leucocytes and virally transformed fibroblasts -
N. CRAWFORD, T.C. HOLME & S. KELLIE .................................. 219
#NC(C) SUPPLEMENTARY ITEMS including Notes: 231
#NC(C)-l Studies on cell injury: effects of ion regulation
on cell membranes and the cytoskeleton -
BENJAMIN F. TRUMP & IRENE K. BEREZESKY ........................ 233
#NC(C)-2 The glycoproteins and fluidity of multinodular goiter
euthyroid plasma membranes - H. DEPAUW, C. PEETERS,
H.J. HILDERSON, M. DE WOLF, G. VAN DESSEL, A. LAGROU
& W. DIERICK .................................................................... 235
ID EPITHELIAL MEMBRANES IN DIGESTIVE TISSUES 241
Art. #A-2 is also pertinent
ID-i Gastroduodenal epithelial cells: the role of the apical
membrane in mucosal protection - J.M. WILKES,
H.J. BALLARD, J.A.E. LATHAH & B.H. HIRST .......................... 243
#D-2 Structural and functional aspects of the intestinal brush
border - G.M. COWELL, E.M. DANIELSEN, S.U. FRIIS, S.U. GORR,
G.H. HANSEN, O. NOREN, H. SJOSTROM & H. SKOVBJERG ............ 255
contents ix
#D-3 Studies of the mechanisms of mucosal iron uptake -
ROBERT J. SIMPSON & TIMOTHY J. PETERS ...... .......................... 269
#D-4 Pancreatic acinar cell plasma-membrane enzymes involved in
stimulus-secretion coupling - R.L. DORMER & A.R. AL-MUTAIRY 273
INC (D) SUPPLEMENTARY ITEMS 285
IE STUDIES FOCUSED ON ENDOCYTOSIS, PROTEASES OR INVASIVENESS
Art. #F-8 is also pertinent to proteases 287
#E-I Receptor-mediated uptake of a toxin which binds to
plasma-membrane ion channels - P. N. STRONG & W. H. EVANS.... 289
#E-2 Lysosomal proteolysis in cultured hepatocytes -
PETER BOHLEY, GABRIELE ADAM, WERNER HOCH & JURGEN KOPITZ 299
#E-3 Hepatic processing of insulin: characterization ano
modulation - G.D. SMITH & J.R. CHRISTENSEN ........................ 307
#E-4 Receptor-mediated endocytosis in rat liver parenchymal and
non-parenchymal cells, studied by means of subcellular
fractionation in density gradients - G.M. KINDBERG,
W. ESKILD, K-J. ANDERSEN, K.R. NaRUM & T. BERG .................. 315
#E-5 Use of chromogenic peptide substrates in the study of
proteolytic enzymes and mechanisms regulating them -
P. FRIBERGER .......................................................................... 327
#E-6 Peptidases in connective tissue degradation and
remodelling in reproductive and invasive tissues -
J. KEN McDONALD, CHRISTIAN SCHWABE & NOEL O. OWERS ................ 335
#E-7 Brain tumour cell invasion: possible role of lysosomal
enzymes - KNUT-JAN ANDERSEN, ROLF BJERKVIG &
OLE DIDRIK LAERUM ................................................................... 351
#E-8 Investigation of tumour-invasion mechanisms - M. MAREEL,
F. VAN ROY, L. MESSIAEN, M. BRACKE, E. BOGHAERT & P. COOPMAN 359
#NC(E) SUPPLEMENTARY ITEMS including Notes on: 371
#NC(E)-l Plasma membrane distribution of metalloproteinases and
cysteine proteinases in metastatic human cancer cells
STANLEY ZUCKER, RITA M. LYSIK, JANINE WIEMAN & BERNARD LANE 373
#NCCE)-2 Proteases and oxidants in injury to alveolar epithelial
cells caused by lung-derived neutrophils in vitro -
KENNETH DONALDSON, JOAN SLIGHT & ROBERT E. BOLTON ........ 379
#NC(E)-3 Autophagy and protein degradation in rat hepatocytes,
studied by means of subcellular fractionation in
Nycodenz gradients - T. BERG, K.R. NORUM & G.M. KINDBERG 383
#NC(E)-4 Immunochemical techniques in the study of protein
degradation with particular reference to collagen -
GARRY J. RUCKLIDGE & VALERIE DEAN .................................... 387
x Contents
IF RENAL INVESTIGATIONS
395
Other pertinent arts. include IIA-6, IIA-9 & IINC(E)-4
IIF-l A nuclear magnetic resonance approach to investigate
the biochemical and molecular effects of nephrotoxins
- J.K. NICHOLSON & K.P.R. GARTLAND ...................................... 397
IIF-2 Enzyme release in nephrotoxicity and renal disease -
P.N. BOYD, J. P.AUIAN, S.A. TAYLOR & R.G. PRICE .................. 409
IIF-3 The investigation of subcellular derangements in
nephrotoxicity - PETER H. BACH ............................................ 417
IIF-4 Heterogeneity and function of kidney cortex lysosomes
- KNUT-JAN ANDERSEN & MILOSLAV DOBROTA ........ ................ ...... 427
IIF-5 Involvement of kidney lysosomes in the nephrotoxicity
of cadmium and other metals - M. DOBROTA ............................ 433
IIF-6 Lysosomal populations in kidney cortex of rats with
heavy proteinuria - H-J. HAGA, K-J. ANDERSEN,
B.M. IVERSEN & M. DOBROTA ..................................................... 439
IIF-7 Immune derangements in experimental, toxin-induced
autoimmune nephropathies - P. DRUET, L. PELLETIER,
R. PASQUIER, J. ROSSERT, E. DRUET & F. HIRSCH .................. 445
IIF-8 Glomerular basement membrane and the inflammatory response
- JOHN D. WILLIAMS & MALCOLM DAVIES .................................... 453
IIF-9 Biochemical and immunological characterization of basement
membranes in renal disease - M. WONG, M. RAND-WEAVER,
P. MITCHELL & R. G. PRICE ...................................................... 465
INC(F) SUPPLEKENTARY ITEMS 475
Subject Index .......................................................................... 479
lI1ith Sub-index ........................................................................ 490
for which the main notional key-words are:
kidney / digestive sys tem / col lagen / invasiveness /
degpadative proeeses including proteolysis / complement/
peptidaaes / ion movements & effects, incl. heavy metals;
also (comprehensively for kidney & digestive system):
subcellular isolations/microscopy / cellular phenomenal
disturbances due to antibodies, toxins, etc.