Table Of Content4309FM.fm Page i Thursday, October 23, 2003 4:31 PM
CCNA:
Fast Pass
4309FM.fm Page ii Thursday, October 23, 2003 4:31 PM
4309FM.fm Page iii Thursday, October 23, 2003 4:31 PM
CCNA™:
Fast Pass
Todd Lammle
San Francisco • London
4309FM.fm Page iv Thursday, October 23, 2003 4:31 PM
Associate Publisher: Neil Edde
Acquisitions Editor: Maureen Adams
Developmental Editor: Jeff Kellum
Production Editor: Elizabeth Campbell
Technical Editor: David Groth
Copyeditor: Rebecca Rider
Compositor: Scott Benoit
Graphic Illustrator: Tony Jonick
CD Coordinator: Dan Mummert
CD Technician: Kevin Ly
Proofreaders: Laurie O’Connell, Nancy Riddiough
Indexer: Nancy Guenther
Book Designer: Bill Gibson
Cover Design and Illustration: Richard Miller, Calyx Design
Copyright © 2004 SYBEX Inc., 1151 Marina Village Parkway, Alameda, CA 94501. World rights reserved. No
part of this publication may be stored in a retrieval system, transmitted, or reproduced in any way, including but
not limited to photocopy, photograph, magnetic, or other record, without the prior agreement and written per-
mission of the publisher.
Library of Congress Card Number: 2003113690
ISBN: 0-7821-4309-1
SYBEX and the SYBEX logo are either registered trademarks or trademarks of SYBEX Inc. in the United States
and/or other countries.
Screen reproductions produced with FullShot 99. FullShot 99 © 1991-1999 Inbit Incorporated. All rights
reserved.
FullShot is a trademark of Inbit Incorporated.
The CD interface was created using Macromedia Director, COPYRIGHT 1994, 1997-1999 Macromedia Inc. For
more information on Macromedia and Macromedia Director, visit http://www.macromedia.com.
TRADEMARKS: SYBEX has attempted throughout this book to distinguish proprietary trademarks from
descriptive terms by following the capitalization style used by the manufacturer.
The author and publisher have made their best efforts to prepare this book, and the content is based upon final
release software whenever possible. Portions of the manuscript may be based upon pre-release versions supplied
by software manufacturer(s). The author and the publisher make no representation or warranties of any kind
with regard to the completeness or accuracy of the contents herein and accept no liability of any kind including
but not limited to performance, merchantability, fitness for any particular purpose, or any losses or damages of
any kind caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly from this book.
Manufactured in the United States of America
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
4309FM.fm Page v Thursday, October 23, 2003 4:31 PM
Software License Agreement: Terms and Conditions
The media and/or any online materials accompanying Warranty
this book that are available now or in the future contain
SYBEX warrants the enclosed media to be free of
programs and/or text files (the "Software") to be used in
physical defects for a period of ninety (90) days after
connection with the book. SYBEX hereby grants to you
purchase. The Software is not available from SYBEX
a license to use the Software, subject to the terms that
in any other form or media than that enclosed herein
follow. Your purchase, acceptance, or use of the Soft-
or posted to www.sybex.com. If you discover a defect
ware will constitute your acceptance of such terms.
in the media during this warranty period, you may
The Software compilation is the property of SYBEX
obtain a replacement of identical format at no charge
unless otherwise indicated and is protected by copyright
by sending the defective media, postage prepaid, with
to SYBEX or other copyright owner(s) as indicated in the
proof of purchase to:
media files (the "Owner(s)"). You are hereby granted a
single-user license to use the Software for your personal, SYBEX Inc.
noncommercial use only. You may not reproduce, sell, Product Support Department
distribute, publish, circulate, or commercially exploit the 1151 Marina Village Parkway
Software, or any portion thereof, without the written
Alameda, CA 94501
consent of SYBEX and the specific copyright owner(s) of
Web: http://www.sybex.com
any component software included on this media.
In the event that the Software or components include After the 90-day period, you can obtain replacement
specific license requirements or end-user agreements, media of identical format by sending us the defective
statements of condition, disclaimers, limitations or war- disk, proof of purchase, and a check or money order for
ranties ("End-User License"), those End-User Licenses $10, payable to SYBEX.
supersede the terms and conditions herein as to that par-
ticular Software component. Your purchase, acceptance, Disclaimer
or use of the Software will constitute your acceptance of
SYBEX makes no warranty or representation, either
such End-User Licenses.
expressed or implied, with respect to the Software or its
By purchase, use or acceptance of the Software you fur-
contents, quality, performance, merchantability, or fit-
ther agree to comply with all export laws and regulations
ness for a particular purpose. In no event will SYBEX,
of the United States as such laws and regulations may
its distributors, or dealers be liable to you or any other
exist from time to time.
party for direct, indirect, special, incidental, consequen-
Reusable Code in This Book tial, or other damages arising out of the use of or inabil-
ity to use the Software or its contents even if advised of
The author(s) created reusable code in this publication the possibility of such damage. In the event that the Soft-
expressly for reuse by readers. Sybex grants readers ware includes an online update feature, SYBEX further
limited permission to reuse the code found in this disclaims any obligation to provide this feature for any
publication, its accompanying CD-ROM or available specific duration other than the initial posting.
for download from our website so long as the author(s) The exclusion of implied warranties is not permitted by
are attributed in any application containing the reusable some states. Therefore, the above exclusion may not
code and the code itself is never distributed, posted apply to you. This warranty provides you with specific
online by electronic transmission, sold, or commercially legal rights; there may be other rights that you may have
exploited as a stand-alone product. that vary from state to state. The pricing of the book
Software Support with the Software by SYBEX reflects the allocation of
risk and limitations on liability contained in this agree-
Components of the supplemental Software and any offers ment of Terms and Conditions.
associated with them may be supported by the specific
Owner(s) of that material, but they are not supported by Shareware Distribution
SYBEX. Information regarding any available support This Software may contain various programs that are
may be obtained from the Owner(s) using the informa- distributed as shareware. Copyright laws apply to both
tion provided in the appropriate read.me files or listed shareware and ordinary commercial software, and the
elsewhere on the media. copyright Owner(s) retains all rights. If you try a share-
Should the manufacturer(s) or other Owner(s) cease to ware program and continue using it, you are expected to
offer support or decline to honor any offer, SYBEX register it. Individual programs differ on details of trial
bears no responsibility. This notice concerning support periods, registration, and payment. Please observe the
for the Software is provided for your information only. requirements stated in appropriate files.
SYBEX is not the agent or principal of the Owner(s),
and SYBEX is in no way responsible for providing any Copy Protection
support for the Software, nor is it liable or responsible
The Software in whole or in part may or may not be
for any support provided, or not provided, by the
copy-protected or encrypted. However, in all cases,
Owner(s).
reselling or redistributing these files without authoriza-
tion is expressly forbidden except as specifically pro-
vided for by the Owner(s) therein.
4309FM.fm Page vi Thursday, October 23, 2003 4:31 PM
Acknowledgments
I need to thank Neil Edde, Maureen Adams, Jeff Kellum, and Elizabeth Campbell for trying
to keep my path straight and focused. This is no easy task for you and I applaud your patience
and dedication to our vision.
Thanks also to the Sybex CD team for the super testing engine, Scott Benoit, who laid out
these pages, David Groth, for his technical take on things, and Rebecca Rider whose eagle eye
caught any grammar or spelling issues before they made it into the book.
4309FM.fm Page vii Thursday, October 23, 2003 4:31 PM
Contents at a Glance
Introduction xiii
Chapter 1 Planning & Designing 1
Chapter 2 Implementation & Operation 59
Chapter 3 Troubleshooting 227
Chapter 4 Technology 281
Index 355
4309FM.fm Page viii Thursday, October 23, 2003 4:31 PM
Contents
Introduction xiii
Chapter 1 Planning & Designing 1
1.1 Designing a Simple LAN Using Cisco Technology 2
Routers 3
Switches 3
Bridges 4
The Router, Switch, and Bridge Working Together 4
Exam Essentials 6
1.2 Designing an IP Addressing Scheme to Meet Design
Requirements 6
IP Terminology 7
The Hierarchical IP Addressing Scheme 7
Network Addressing 8
Private IP Addresses 11
Network Address Translation (NAT) 12
Exam Essentials 13
1.3 Selecting an Appropriate Routing Protocol Based on User
Requirements 13
Routing Basics 13
Distance-Vector Routing Protocols (RIP and IGRP) 15
Hybrid Routing Protocols or EIGRP 21
Link State (OSPF) 25
Exam Essentials 27
1.4 Designing a Simple Internetwork Using Cisco Technology 27
Introduction to VLANs 27
VLAN Memberships 32
Identifying VLANs 33
VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP) 35
Exam Essentials 37
1.5 Developing an Access List to Meet User Specifications 37
Exam Essentials 39
1.6 Choose WAN Services to Meet Customer Requirements 39
High-Level Data-Link Control (HDLC) Protocol 40
Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) 40
Frame Relay 43
Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) 51
Exam Essentials 54
Review Questions 55
Answers to Review Questions 57
4309FM.fm Page ix Thursday, October 23, 2003 4:31 PM
Contents ix
Chapter 2 Implementation & Operation 59
2.1 Configure Routing Protocols Given User Requirements 60
Preliminary Configuration 60
Configuring IP Routing in Your Network 66
Default Routing 70
Configuring RIP Routing 71
Configuring IGRP Routing 76
Lab_A 77
Lab_B 77
Lab_C 78
Verifying the IGRP Routing Tables 78
Configuring EIGRP 79
Lab_A 81
Lab_B 81
Lab_C 81
Configuring OSPF 82
Enabling OSPF 83
Configuring OSPF Areas 83
Lab_A 84
Lab_B 85
Lab_C 85
Loopback Interfaces 86
Exam Essentials 88
2.2 Configuring IP Addresses, Subnet Masks, and Gateway
Addresses on Routers and Hosts 89
Configuring Subnet Masks 89
Subnetting Practice Examples: Class C Addresses 96
Practice Example #1C: 255.255.255.192 (/26) 96
Practice Example #2C: 255.255.255.224 (/27) 97
Subnetting in Your Head: Class C Addresses 98
Subnetting Class B Addresses 99
Subnetting Practice Examples: Class B Addresses 99
Subnetting in Your Head: Class B Addresses 101
Subnetting Class A Addresses 102
Variable Length Subnet Masks (VLSMs) 102
VLSM Design 103
Implementing VLSM Networks 105
Exam Essentials 111
2.3 Configuring a Router for Additional Administrative
Functionality 111
Understanding the Configuration Register Bits 111
Checking the Current Configuration Register Value 113
Changing the Configuration Register 114
4309FM.fm Page x Thursday, October 23, 2003 4:31 PM
x Contents
Recovering Passwords 115
Exam Essentials 118
2.4 Configure a Switch With VLANS and Inter-switch
Communication 118
Configuring a Switch with VLANs 118
Assigning Switch Ports to VLANs 121
Configuring Inter-Switch Communication: Trunk Ports 123
Configuring Inter-Switch Communication: Inter-VLAN
Routing 125
Configuring Inter-Switch Communication: VTP 126
Configuring the Switching in Our Sample Internetwork 128
Exam Essentials 135
2.5 Implement a LAN 135
Straight-Through Cable 135
Crossover Cable 136
Rolled Cable 137
Exam Essentials 138
2.6 Customize a Switch Configuration to Meet Specified
Network Requirements 139
Exam Essentials 141
2.7 Manage System Image and Device Configuration Files 141
Backing Up and Restoring the System Image File 141
Backing Up and Restoring the Device Configuration File 146
Exam Essentials 149
2.8 Perform an Initial Configuration on a Router 150
Cisco Router IOS 150
Connecting to a Cisco Router 150
Bringing Up a Router 151
Setup Mode 153
Command-Line Interface (CLI) 157
Exam Essentials 188
2.9 Perform an Initial Configuration on a Switch 190
1900 and 2950 Switch Startup 190
Setting the Passwords 191
Setting the Hostname 194
Setting IP Information 194
Configuring Interface Descriptions 195
Erasing the Switch Configuration 196
Exam Essentials 197
2.10 Implement Access Lists 198
Standard IP Access Lists 198
Extended Access Lists 203
Named Access Lists 208
Exam Essentials 210
