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CCNA :
™
Cisco® Certified Network Associate
Study Guide
Third Edition
Todd Lammle
San Francisco • London
Associate Publisher: Neil Edde
Acquisitions and Developmental Editor: Maureen Adams
Editor: Pete Gaughan
Production Editor: Elizabeth Campbell
Technical Editors: Rod Jackson, Errol Robichaux
Book Designer: Bill Gibson
Graphic Illustrator: Tony Jonick
Electronic Publishing Specialist: Interactive Composition Corporation
Proofreaders: Yariv Rabinovitch, Nancy Riddiough, Sarah Tannehill
Indexer: Ted Laux
CD Coordinator: Dan Mummert
CD Technician: Kevin Ly
Cover Designer: Archer Design
Cover Photographer: Tony Stone
Copyright © 2002 SYBEX Inc., 1151 Marina Village Parkway, Alameda, CA 94501. World rights reserved. The author
created reusable code in this publication expressly for reuse by readers. Sybex grants readers limited permission to reuse the
code found in this publication or its accompanying CD-ROM so long as the author is attributed in any application con-
taining the reusable code and the code itself is never distributed, posted online by electronic transmission, sold, or commer-
cially exploited as a stand-alone product. Aside from this specific exception concerning reusable code, no part of this
publication may be stored in a retrieval system, transmitted, or reproduced in any way, including but not limited to photo-
copy, photograph, magnetic, or other record, without the prior agreement and written permission of the publisher.
First edition copyright © 1998 SYBEX Inc
Second edition copyright © 2000 SYBEX Inc
Deluxe edition copyright © 2001 SYBEX Inc
Library of Congress Card Number: 2002104864
ISBN: 0-7821-4167-6
SYBEX and the SYBEX logo are either registered trademarks or trademarks of SYBEX Inc. in the United States and/or other
countries.
Screen reproductions produced with FullShot 99. FullShot 99 © 1991–1999 Inbit Incorporated. All rights reserved.
FullShot is a trademark of Inbit Incorporated.
The CD interface was created using Macromedia Director, COPYRIGHT 1994, 1997–1999 Macromedia Inc. For more
information on Macromedia and Macromedia Director, visit http://www.macromedia.com.
This study guide and/or material is not sponsored by, endorsed by or affiliated with Cisco Systems, Inc. Cisco®, Cisco
Systems®, CCDA™, CCNA™, CCDP™, CCNP™, CCIE™, CCSI™, the Cisco Systems logo and the CCIE logo are trade-
marks or registered trademarks of Cisco Systems, Inc. in the United States and certain other countries. All other trademarks
are trademarks of their respective owners.
TRADEMARKS: SYBEX has attempted throughout this book to distinguish proprietary trademarks from descriptive terms
by following the capitalization style used by the manufacturer.
The author and publisher have made their best efforts to prepare this book, and the content is based upon final release soft-
ware whenever possible. Portions of the manuscript may be based upon pre-release versions supplied by software manu-
facturer(s). The author and the publisher make no representation or warranties of any kind with regard to the completeness
or accuracy of the contents herein and accept no liability of any kind including but not limited to performance, merchant-
ability, fitness for any particular purpose, or any losses or damages of any kind caused or alleged to be caused directly or
indirectly from this book.
Manufactured in the United States of America
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
To Our Valued Readers:
Since its inception, the Cisco Certified Network Associate program has established itself as the premier
internetworking certification. Sybex is proud to have helped hundreds of thousands of CCNA candidates
prepare for their exams in recent years, and we are excited about the opportunity to continue to provide
individuals with the knowledge and skills they’ll need to succeed in the highly competitive IT industry.
With the recent revision of the CCNA exam, Cisco raised the bar considerably, adding simulation
questions to verify the skills associated with hands-on router configuration. Sybex welcomes this new
testing feature as we strongly advocate a comprehensive and practical instructional approach to
certification exam preparation. It has always been Sybex’s mission to teach exam candidates how new
technologies work in the real world, not to simply feed them answers to test questions. Sybex was
founded on the premise of providing technical skills to IT professionals, and we have continued to
build on that foundation. Over the years, we have made significant improvements to our study guides
based on feedback from readers, suggestions from instructors, and comments from industry leaders.
Cisco’s new CCNA exam is indeed challenging. The author, renowned Cisco authority Todd Lammle,
and Sybex’s editors and technical reviewers have worked hard to ensure that this CCNA: Cisco
Certified Network Associate Study Guide is comprehensive, in-depth, and pedagogically sound. We’re
confident that this book, along with the collection of cutting-edge software study tools included on
the CD, will meet and exceed the demanding standards of the certification marketplace and help
you, the CCNA exam candidate, succeed in your endeavors.
Good luck in pursuit of your CCNA certification!
Neil Edde
Associate Publisher—Certification
Sybex, Inc.
Software License Agreement: Terms and Conditions
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Acknowledgments
E
lizabeth Campbell, Pete Gaughan, and Maureen Adams were instru-
mental in helping me get this book out in time, without stressing out too
much, and working together as a well-oiled machine. Thank you.
I’d also like to thank Rod Jackson and Errol Robichaux, who scrutinized
every word, figure, and line of code in the book for technical accuracy. (Of
course, any mistakes remaining in the text are my responsibility, not theirs.)
Additional thanks go out to Interactive Composition Corporation who care-
fully set every single page in the book; Yariv Rabinovitch, Nancy Riddiough,
Sarah Tannehill, who all did marvelous jobs proofreading; Tony Jonick,
who created all the great illustrations; and Ted Laux, who crafted the index.
The book would not exist without all of you.
Introduction
W
elcome to the exciting world of Cisco certification! You have
picked up this book because you want something better; namely, a better job
with more satisfaction. Rest assured that you have made a good decision.
Cisco certification can help you get your first networking job, or more
money and a promotion if you are already in the field.
Cisco certification can also improve your understanding of the internet-
working of more than just Cisco products: You will develop a complete
understanding of networking and how different network topologies work
together to form a network. This is beneficial to every networking job and is
the reason Cisco certification is in such high demand, even at companies with
few Cisco devices.
Cisco is the king of routing and switching, the Microsoft of the internet-
working world. The Cisco certifications reach beyond the popular certifica-
tions, such as the MCSE and CNE, to provide you with an indispensable
factor in understanding today’s network—insight into the Cisco world of
internetworking. By deciding that you want to become Cisco certified, you
are saying that you want to be the best—the best at routing and the best at
switching. This book will lead you in that direction.
How to Use This Book
If you want a solid foundation for the serious effort of preparing for the
Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA) exam, then look no further. I
have spent hundreds of hours putting together this book with the sole inten-
tion of helping you to pass the CCNA exam and learn how to configure
Cisco routers and switches.
This book is loaded with lots of valuable information, and you will get the
most out of your studying time if you understand how I put this book
together.
To best benefit from this book, I recommend the following study method:
1. Take the assessment test immediately following this introduction.
(The answers are at the end of the test.) It’s OK if you don’t know any
of the answers; that is why you bought this book! Carefully read over
the explanations for any question you get wrong and note which chap-
ters the material comes from. This information should help you plan
your study strategy.
xxiv Introduction
2. Study each chapter carefully, making sure that you fully understand
the information and the test objectives listed at the beginning of each
chapter. Pay extra-close attention to any chapter where you missed
questions in the assessment test.
3. Complete each written lab at the end of each chapter. Do not skip this
written exercise, as it directly relates to the CCNA exam and what you
must glean from the chapter you just read. Do not just skim this lab!
Make sure you understand completely the reason for each answer.
4. Complete all hands-on labs in the chapter, referring to the text of the
chapter so that you understand the reason for each step you take. If you
do not have Cisco equipment available, be sure to study the examples
carefully, or use the Router Fundamentals Simulator found on the CD
of this book. Also, check www.routersim.com for router simulator
software that provides drag-and-drop networking configurations.
This will help you gain hands-on experience configuring Cisco routers.
5. If you do not have Cisco equipment or the RouterSim Cisco simulator
product, then go through all the core hands-on labs (contained in
Appendix A) using the Router Fundamentals Simulator product found
on the CD of this book. This will help you gain hands-on experience
configuring Cisco routers. (The Router Fundamentals Simulator will
not run the hands-on labs that are printed at the end of each chapter.
Within the software product, only use the simulator’s labs.)
6. Answer all of the review questions related to that chapter. (The answers
appear at the end of the chapter.) Note the questions that confuse
you and study those sections of the book again. Do not just skim
these questions! Make sure you understand completely the reason
for each answer.
7. Try your hand at the practice exams that are included on the compan-
ion CD. The questions in these exams appear only on the CD. This will
give you a complete overview of what you can expect to see on the real
CCNA exam. Check out www.lammleprep.com for more Cisco exam
prep questions.
8. Also on the companion CD is a software simulation program that will
help you prepare for the new simulation questions on the CCNA 607
exam. The router simulator on the CD or at www.routersim.com
is the best form of study, but be sure and practice with the software
simulation program as well.
Introduction xxv
9. Test yourself using all the flashcards on the CD. There are brand new
and updated flashcard programs on the CD to help you prepare com-
pletely for the CCNA exam. These are a great study tool!
The electronic flashcards can be used on your Windows computer, Pocket PC,
or on your Palm device.
10. Make sure you read the “Key Terms” and “Commands Used in This
Chapter” lists at the end of the chapters. Appendix C lists all the com-
mands used in the book, including an explanation for each command.
To learn every bit of the material covered in this book, you’ll have to
apply yourself regularly, and with discipline. Try to set aside the same time
period every day to study, and select a comfortable and quiet place to do so.
If you work hard, you will be surprised at how quickly you learn this
material.
If you follow the steps listed above, and really study and practice the
review questions, CD exams, electronic flashcards, and written and hands-
on labs, it would be hard to fail the CCNA exam.
What’s on the CD?
We worked hard to provide some really great tools to help you with your
certification process. All of the following tools should be loaded on your
workstation when studying for the test.
Router Fundamentals Simulator
The companion CD contains the Router Fundamentals Simulator, a “mini”
version of Sybex’s best-selling CCNA Virtual Lab e-trainer. The Virtual Lab
is a stand-alone product that allows readers to gain hands-on experience
without buying expensive Cisco gear. This practical experience is a must-
have for anyone hoping to pass the CCNA exam. Its smaller counterpart, the
Router Fundamentals Simulator bundled with this book’s CD, covers the
absolute essentials for the exam, represented by the 14 hands-on labs con-
tained in Appendix A. (The Router Fundamental Simulator requires Real-
Player, which is also included on the CD.) You can find more router
simulator software available for purchase at www.routersim.com.
xxvi Introduction
The EdgeTest Test Preparation Software
The test preparation software, provided by EdgeTek Learning Systems, pre-
pares you to pass the CCNA exam. In this test engine, you will find all the
review and assessment questions from the book, plus five additional bonus
exams that appear exclusively on the CD. You can take the assessment test,
test yourself by chapter or by topic, take the practice exams, or take a
randomly generated exam comprising all the questions.
To find more test-simulation software for all Cisco and Microsoft exams, look
for the exam link on www.lammleprep.com.
Electronic Flashcards for PC, Pocket PC, and Palm Devices
To prepare for the exam, you can read this book, study the review questions
at the end of each chapter, and work through the practice exams included
in the book and on the companion CD. But wait, there’s more! You can also
test yourself with the flashcards included on the CD. If you can get through
these difficult questions and understand the answers, you’ll know you’re
ready for the CCNA exam.
The flashcards include over 300 questions specifically written to hit
you hard and make sure you are ready for the exam. Between the review
questions, practice exams, and flashcards, you’ll be more than prepared
for the exam.
CCNA Study Guide in PDF
Sybex offers the CCNA Study Guide in PDF format on the CD so you can
read the book on your PC or laptop. This will be helpful to readers who
travel and don’t want to carry a book, as well as to readers who prefer to
read from their computer. (Acrobat Reader 5 is also included on the CD.)
Cisco—A Brief History
Many readers may already be familiar with Cisco and what they do. How-
ever, those of you who are new to the field, just coming in fresh from your
MCSE, and those of you who maybe have 10 or more years in the field but
wish to brush up on the new technology may appreciate a little background
on Cisco.
