CAYRATIA JAPONICA (VITACEAE) NEW TO NORTH CAROLINA AND AN UPDATED KEY TO THE GENERA OF VITACEAE IN THE CAROLINAS

2006·1.5 MB·English

by  Alexander Krings

NEW
CAYRATIAJAPONICA TO
(VITACEAE)
NORTH AND AN
CAROLINA UPDATED KEY TO THE
GENERA
OE VITACEAE THE CAROLINAS
IN
Alexander Krings Robert J.Richardson
Herbarium, Deportment of Botany Department of Crop Science
North Carolina State University North Carolina State University
USA
Rateigli, North Carolina 27695^76 Raleigh^ North Carolina 27695-7620, U.S.A
]2,
[email protected] Rob [email protected]
ABSTRACT
A
population of the introduced and expanding Cayraiia japonica (Thunb.) Gagnep. (Vitaceac)
is
reported for North Carohna. Voucher specimens are cited and an updated key to the genera of V 'itaccae
Carohnas
in the presented.
is
RESUMEN
yen
Secitadc Carohna Norte una poblacionde especieincroducida expansion Caj^ratiajupanica
del la
(Thunb.) Gagnep. (Vitaceae). Se dan los pliegos cestigo y se presenta una clave pucsta al dia de los
generos de V^itaccac en las Carolinas.
The Asian vine Cayratia ja'pomca (Thunb.) Gagnep. ja^^onica (Vitaceae)
var. is
known
from Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas, but has not been previously re-
Brown
ported escaped elsevv^here in the United States (Shinners 1964; 1992; Al-
NRCS
USDA, The was North
ford 2003; 2005). species not previously reported for
Carolina by Radford Krai
et al. (1968), Pittillo et al. (1969), Pittillo et al. (1972),
NRCS
and Brown USDA, However, an
(1981), Pittillo (1988), or (2005). aggres-
sive and persistent population of the plant was recently encountered on pri-
vate property suburban area near Winston-Salem (Forsyth NC). Vines
in a Co.,
m
were growing up trees (reaching heights of 9-12 high), along a fence, and
When
generally throughout the landscape—covering about 0.5 acre. visited in
late August, the vines were in full flower and well-attended by honeybees and
wasps. Based on conversations with the landscaper, individual ramets aggres-
cm
diam
sively re-sprouted following handweeding. Apparently, a vine of > 2.5
cm
at the base had been removed. Remaining roots at the site were ca. 0.6 diam.
how
and
remains unclear the species arrived. Both previous current
It
homeowners, the latter an avid birdwatcher, indicated that the species had not
been planted. However, intentional planting or contamination through other
may
ornamental plantings cannot be ruled out. Bird dispersal be a possibility
although unlikely as additional populations between North Carolina and the
Gulf Coast would be expected under this scenario and reproduction reported
is
to be primarily vegetative in North America— at least in Texas (Browm 1992).
SIDA22(1):813-815.2006
814 BRIT.ORG/SIDA 22[1)
Altliough the vector of arrival remains unknown, the persistence the North
of
Carohna population of concern. Alford (2003) reported a Mississippi popu-
is
lation tripling in size within 10 months. Little information currently avail-
is
able regarding control measures.
Aug
Voucherspecimens:Li.S.A.NORTH CAROLlNy\. Forsyth Co.:Wesleyan Winston-Salem,
;iiu\ 11
1
2005Jonathan TotiJs.fi.CNCSC, USCM). Wesleyan I^anc, W'inscon-Salen^, 29 Aug2005J^()/3C/1J.Ric
!i-
ardson (FLAS, NCSC, USCH).
s.n.
Cayratiajaponica (Fig. can be distinguished from other Vitaccae taxa in the
1)
Carolinas by the pedatc qumqueloliate leaves. Tendrils are bifurcating and not
An
disk-tipped. updated key to the genera of Carolina Vitaceae follows. Cissus
C
is included here based on the listing of trijoliata (L.) L. by Weakley (2005).
Cissus trifoliald cultivated in North Carolina, but has not been observed to
is
escape
(Krings, pers. obs.).
Tendrils,at least some, terminating in adhesive disks Parthenocissus Planch,
1.
Tendrils lacking adhesive disks
1
.
Leaves pedate quinquefoliate. Cayratia
Juss.
2.
compound,
Leaves simple, palmately, or pinnately but never pedate
2.
quinquefoliate,
Inflorescence a thyrse; petals connate at their apices Vitis
3. L.
Inflorescence a dichotomous or umbelliform cyme; petals free at their apices.
3.
Cyme
dichotomous;f!owers 5-merous Ampelopsis
Michx.
4.
Cyme
umbelliform;flowers 4-merous Cissus
4, L.
ACKNCOWl.EDGMCNTS
We
thank Jonathan Todd bringing the Forsyth population our attention
for to
DUKE NCU
and and and
the curators staff ol for access to their collections.
Guy Ncsom
comments.
oliered helpful review
RnPERENCHS
All 0RD,M.H. 2003. Noteworthy collections: Mississippi. Castanea 68:93.
Brown, ]992. Cayrotiajaponica (Vitaceae) and Paederio foetida (Rubiaceae) adventive
L.E.
Texas. Phytologia 45-47.
in 72(1
):
Some weedy
Kral, 1981. distributional reports of or naturalized foreign species of vas-
R.
cular plants for the southern states, particularly Alabama and middleTennessee. Cas-
tanea 46:334-339.
Pi [iLLoJ.D.J.H.HoRTON,and K.W.GREENLEE.1969.Additions to the vascular flora of the Caro-
I
8-22.
inas. I.J.EIisha Mitchell Sci.Soc. 85:1
PiTTiLLoJ.D.J.H. Norton, and K.E. Hfrman. 972. Additions to the vascular flora of the Caro
1
88:144-152
nas.ll.J.EIisha Mitchell Sci.Soc.
PiTTiLLoJ.D.and A.E.Brown. 988. Additions to the vascularflora of the Carolinas.lll.J.EIisha
1
Mitchell Sci.Soc.104:l~18.
and Manual
Radford, A. H.E. Ahles, C.R. Bell. 1968. of the vascular flora of the Carolinas.
E.,
The
North
University of Carolina Press,Chapel
lill.
I
KRINGS AND RICHARDSON, CAYRATIAJAPONICA NEWTO NORTH CAROLINA 815
and B
LCflyraf/a/(7p()f?/ffl(Thunb.)Gagnep.: A, Pedatequinquefoliate leaf bifurcate tendril;
Fig.
of flower (petals removed] and flower bud; D. disk (style removed)leaf, flower bud, and disk based on Oflrvv/n.SSu/?(/e//
903 (NCU); tendril and inflorescence based on Sundel! 1580 (NCU).
new
]964. Cayrotiajoponica (Vitaceae) southeastern Louisiana: to the
Shinners, L.H. in
United States. Sida 1:384.
com-
USDA. NRCS. 2005. The PLANTS Database, Version 3.5 (http://plants.usda.gov). Data
from sources by MarkW.SI<inner. National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge.
piled various
JO
Weakley, A. 2005. Flora of the Carolinas,Virginia, and Georgia: Working draft June 2005.
S.
North Carolina Botanical Garden, Chapel
Hill.