Causes, Impacts and Solutions to Global Warming

1171 Pages·2013·41.86 MB·English

by  Kari Taulavuori (auth.)

Ibrahim Dincer · Can Ozgur Colpan
Fethi Kadioglu E ditors
Causes, Impacts
and Solutions
to Global
Warming
Causes, Impacts and Solutions to Global Warming

Ibrahim Dincer
Can Ozgur Colpan
Fethi Kadioglu
Editors
Causes, Impacts
and Solutions to Global
Warming
Editors
IbrahimDincer CanOzgurColpan
FacultyofEngineering MakinaMuhendisligiBolumu
andAppliedScience DokuzEylulUniversity
UniversityofOntario Buca,Izmir,Turkey
InstituteofTechnology
Oshawa,ON,Canada
FethiKadioglu
FacultyofCivilEngineering
IstanbulTechnicalUniversity
Maslak,Istanbul,Turkey
ISBN978-1-4614-7587-3 ISBN978-1-4614-7588-0(eBook)
DOI10.1007/978-1-4614-7588-0
SpringerNewYorkHeidelbergDordrechtLondon
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2013948669
©SpringerScience+BusinessMediaNewYork2013
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Preface
GlobalwarmingisconsideredanaverageincreaseintheEarth’stemperaturedueto
greenhouse effect as a result of both natural and human activities. In common
usage, “global warming” often refers to the warming that can occur as a result of
increasedemissionsofgreenhousegasesfromhumanactivities,e.g.,carbondiox-
ide, methane, water vapor, and fluorinated gases, which act like a greenhouse
around the earth, trapping the heat from the sun into the earth’s atmosphere and
increasingtheEarth’stemperature.
Catastrophic events around the world have brought a desperate picture to the
forefront! The Global Conference on Global Warming 2012 (GCGW-12) brought
all disciplines together for local and global solutions to combat global warming.
This conference is a multidisciplinary global conference on global warming
(and climate change), not only in engineering and science but also in all other
disciplines (e.g., ecology, education, social sciences, economics, management,
political sciences, and information technology). It covers a broad range of topics
on energy and environment policies, energy resources, energy conversion
technologies, energy management and conservation, energy security, renewables,
green technologies, emission reduction and abatement, carbon tax, sustainable
development,pollutioncontrolandmeasures,policydevelopment,etc.Intensifying
global environmental problems require internationally coordinated responses,
which must balance the goals of energy security, environmental protection, and
economic growth. The adoption of a comprehensive approach to energy and
environment issues and the integration of energy and environment policies have
become central activities of several countries. National and global solutions to
reduce pollutants and greenhouse gas emissions have implications for energy
security,energytrade,economicgrowth,etc.Theissuethatglobalclimatechange
poses for energy policymakers is the focus of continuing international debate.
Forexample,despitethepolicymeasurestakentodate,unlesstherapidestablish-
ment and implementation of further effective policies and programs to reduce
emissions are conducted, greenhouse gas emissions would continue increasing
unlesstherightcureisunderway.Ofcourse,thisrequiresthefullrangeofpossible
areasforactionandpolicyinstruments.
v
vi Preface
Thisbookisauniquecollectionof62selectedpapersoutofthepaperspresented
intheGCGW-12inIstanbul,Turkey,onJuly8–12,2012,tocoverawidevariety
oftopicsonthecauses,impacts,andsolutionstoglobalwarming.Thereisadiverse
coverage of global warming in this book from climate change modeling to
forecastingweatherevents,fromsustainableenergytechnologiesandresourcesto
wastemanagement,andmanymoretoserveasasustainablesourceofknowledge
andinformationforresearchers,scientists,engineers,practitioners,etc.
As mentioned above, global warming is one of the major concerns of the
human beings in this century. A significant part of global warming comes from
the human activities, such as consuming fossil energy sources, e.g., oil, coal, and
naturalgas. Inthesolutionofglobalwarming,engineeringapproachesplayakey
role.Theseapproachesarelinkedtomanyareasincludingenergyandenvironment
policies, energy conversion technologies, energy management and conservation,
energy saving, energy security, renewable and sustainable energy technologies,
emission reduction, sustainable development, pollution control and measures,
policy development, global energy stability and sustainability, carbon tax, and
waste management. Innovative engineering solutions are needed to reduce the
effects of global warming and also to obtain better efficiency, better cost-
effectiveness, better use of energy and resources, better energy security, better
environment,andbettersustainability.Inthisbook,severalengineeringapproaches
and potential solutions from renewables to hydrogen, including data analysis,
modeling, simulation, assessment, optimization studies, that reduce the effects of
global warming are discussed in detail. Incorporated through this book are many
wide-rangingpracticalexamples,casestudies,andpolicyandstrategydevelopment
which provide useful information for practical applications. Complete references
areincludedwitheachchaptertodirectthecuriousandinterestedreadertofurther
information.
We hope this edited book provides a unique source of potential solutions
forcombatingglobalwarmingtobemorewidelyappliedandthebenefits ofsuch
efforts more broadly derived, so that the future can be made more efficient,
clean, and sustainable. We sincerely appreciate the help and assistance provided
by various individuals who deserve a clear acknowledgement. Dr. Dincer
acknowledgesthesupportprovidedbytheTurkishAcademyofSciences.
Oshawa,ON,Canada IbrahimDincer
Buca,Izmir,Turkey CanOzgurColpan
Maslak,Istanbul,Turkey FethiKadioglu
Contents
PartI CausesandImpacts
1 VegetationatNorthernHighLatitudes
UnderGlobalWarming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
KariTaulavuori
2 ExceptionallyHotSummersMonthsinCentral
andEasternEuropeDuringtheYears1951–2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
RobertTwardoszandUrszulaKossowska-Cezak
3 SpatialCorrelationsandDistributionsofHeating
andCoolingDegree-DayNormalsinTurkey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
IlhamiYildiz,JinYue,TriNguyen-Quang,JoshuaLowrey,
andAsenaCansuYildiz
4 UseofEmpiricalRegressionandArtificialNeural
NetworkModelsforEstimationofGlobalSolar
RadiationinDubai,UAE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
HassanA.N.Hejase,AliH.Assi,andMaithaH.AlShamisi
5 TurkishWaterFoundationClimateChangeDownscaling
ModelPrinciples. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
ZekaˆiS¸enandAhmetO¨ztopal
6 ClimateChangeExpectationsintheNextHalf
CenturyofTurkey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
SevincSirdas,ZekaˆiS¸en,andAhmetO¨ztopal
7 EnvironmentalPollutionbyOrganicContaminants
astheContributorsoftheGlobalWarming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
JelenaRadonic´,MajaTurk-Sekulic´,
andMirjanaVojinovic´-Miloradov
vii
viii Contents
8 AssessmentofVulnerabilitytoClimateChange
UsingIndicators:MethodologicalChallenges. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
FahimN.TonmoyandAbbasEl-Zein
9 InvestigatingtheClimateChangeImpactsontheWater
ResourcesoftheKonyaClosedBasinArea(Turkey)
UsingSatelliteRemoteSensingData. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
SemihEkercin,ElifSertel,FilizDadaser-Celik,
andSavasDurduran
10 TrendAnalysisofRainfallinNorthCyprus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
RahmeSeyhunandBertug˘ Akıntug˘
11 ForecastingTropicalStormsintheEasternRegion
oftheUnitedArabEmirates:LessonsLearntfromGonu. . . . . . 183
SaifA.Ahmed,MohammadbinJarsh,SaoudAl-Abdooli,
MohamedK.Al-Radhi,andAbdullaGaladari
12 FutureChallengesinUrbanDrainageSystems
UnderGlobalWarming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
MawadaAbdellatif,WilliamAtherton,andRafidAlkhaddar
13 PreliminaryAnalysisonPhenologicalDataofPlants
inanUrbanEnvironment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
LucianoMassetti
14 ImpactsofClimateChangeonCerealProduction
intheSetifHighPlains(North-EastofAlgeria). . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
MohamedFenni
15 EnvironmentalImpactofSoilMicroorganisms
onGlobalChange. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
MohammadaliKhalvatiandIbrahimDincer
16 EnvironmentalConsciousnessofLocalPeople
ofYakutiaUnderGlobalClimateChange. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
YuryI.Zhegusov,StanislavM.Ksenofontov,
TrofimCh.Maximov,AtsukoSugimoto,andGoIwahana
17 EnvironmentalImpactAssessmentofExplosive
Volcanoes:ACaseStudy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
F.Aydın,A.Midilli,andI.Dincer
18 ProbabilisticHealthRiskAssessmentofPCDD/Fs
inVegetableFoodsatHighlyPollutedAreainTurkey. . . . . . . . . 291
SedaAslanKilavuz,ErtanDurmusoglu,andAykanKarademir
Contents ix
19 SeleniumAdsorptiononActivatedCarbon
byUsingRadiotracerTechnique. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305
A.BerilTugrul,SevilayHaciyakupoglu,SemaAkyılErenturk,
NilgunKaratepe,A.FilizBaytas,NesrinAltinsoy,
NilgunBaydogan,BulentBuyuk,andErtugrulDemir
20 TeachingtheCarbonCycleUsingIBL
intheSecondarySchools. . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. 323
FrancescaUgoliniandLucianoMassetti
21 BTEXintheExhaustEmissionsofMotorVehicles. .. . . . . . . . .. 333
DraganAdamovic´,JovanDoric´,andMirjanaVojinovic´-Miloradov
22 ConstructionCriteriafortheSustainableEcosystem. . . . . . . . . . 343
NecatOzgur
PartII PotentialSolutions
23 AnApproachtoAssessmentofSustainability
ofEnergySystems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363
KevorkHacatoglu,MarcA.Rosen,andIbrahimDincer
24 ComparativeEnvironmentalImpactandSustainability
AssessmentsofHydrogenandCoolingProductionSystems. . . . . 389
TahirA.H.Ratlamwala,IbrahimDincer,
andMohamedA.Gadalla
25 IntegrationofCu–ClCycleofHydrogenProduction
withNuclearandRenewableEnergySystems
forBetterEnvironment. . . . .. . . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . . .. . . . .. 409
SeyedaliAghahosseini,IbrahimDincer,andGregF.Naterer
26 ComparativeEnvironmentalImpactAssessment
ofNuclear-BasedHydrogenProductionviaMg–Cl
andCu–ClThermochemicalWaterSplittingCycles. . . . . . . . . . . 433
AhmetOzbilen,IbrahimDincer,andMarcA.Rosen
27 LargeScalePhoto-reactorsforEnvironmentallyBenign
SolarHydrogenProduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461
EhsanBaniasadi,IbrahimDincer,andGregF.Naterer
28 ComparativeEnvironmentalImpactEvaluation
ofHydrogenProductionMethodsfromRenewable
andNonrenewableSources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 493
CananAcarandIbrahimDincer
29 CurrentStatusofFabricationofSolidOxideFuelCells
forEmission-FreeEnergyConversion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515
AyhanSarikaya,AligulBuyukaksoy,andFatihDogan