cause, effect and remedial measures of drug abuse among the children in tanzania

105 Pages·2016·1.1 MB·English

CAUSE, EFFECT AND REMEDIAL MEASURES OF DRUG ABUSE
AMONG THE CHILDREN IN TANZANIA: A CASE STUDY OF
HANANASIFU WARD IN KINONDONI DISTRICT IN DAR ES SALAAM
REGION

AISIA SOMBIRO MATOWO

A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED AS PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR THE
REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF THE MASTERS DEGREE IN
SOCIAL WORK

2013
ii

CERTIFICATION
The undersigned certifies that she has ready and hereby recommends for acceptance
by the Open University of Tanzania a dissertation entitled: “Factors associated with
drug abuse among the children in Kinondoni District, in Dar es Salaam Region,
Tanzania”, in partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of Masters degree
of Social Work, offered by the Open University of Tanzania.

…………………………………………..
Dr. Fauzia Mohamed
( Supervisor )

…………………………………………..
Date
iii

COPY RIGHT
This dissertation is copyright material protected under the Berne Convention, the
Copyright Act 1999 and other international and national enactments, in that behalf on
intellectual property. It may not be reproduced by any means, in full or in part,
except for short extracts for fair dealings, research or private study, critical scholarly
review or discourse with an acknowledgement, without the written permission of the
School of Graduate Studies, on behalf of both the author and the Open University of
Tanzania.
iv

DECLARATION
I, Aisia Sombiro Matowo, declare that this dissertation is my own original work and
it has not been submitted for any degree or equivalent award in any College or
University within or outside Tanzania.

……………………................……….
Signature

……………………................……….
Date
v

DEDICATION
This work is dedicated to my beloved husband Mr. Liberatus Kileki Mrema and my
children Godfrey, Billy, Hariet, Catherine and Norah, for encouraging and giving me
their moral and material support during all period of my studies.
vi

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
There are many people and institutions that my thanks are due for their assistance,
they have provided to me in the process of doing this work. However a few
individuals deserve my special acknowledgement.

I would like to extend my special gratitude to Muhimbili National Hospital,
Department of Psychiatry, NGOs which volunteered to fill my questionnaires and
return them on time. Also Mr. Saidi Nganya, Acting Secretary of Mkunguni Ward
and Head of Mkunguni Street, Mrs Susan Yeyela, Secretary of Mkunguni Street and
Issa Mtaula – Youth Chairman of Mkunguni Street, for their assistance and support
which enabled me to collect the required information from the family members and
children who abuse drugs. Also my most particular gratitude is due to all my
instructors of Open University of Tanzania in particular to Dr. M. Kitula who taught
me theoretical party of food population and gender, Dr. Mwami A, Dr. Mabeyo Z
and Dr. Mvungi A. who provided me with the basic foundation for this study.
Special acknowledgement goes to my supervisor Dr. Fauzia Mohamed for her
tireless assistance and constant academic guidance provided to me.

Special appreciation should go to my husband Mr. Liberatus Kileki Mrema and my
children Godfrey, Billy, Hariet, Catherine and Norah for their support and
encouragement they gave me throughout my studies. Last but not least, special
thanks to all the people whose names are not mentioned in this acknowledgement.
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ABSTRACT
The study involved the investigation of the causes, effects and remedi of drug abuse
among children with reference to Hananasif Ward ir District, Dar es Salaam,
Tanzania. A case research strategy wa because the investigation involved a real life
problem which canno distanced from the main agents and therefore it was important
to identify which could fulfill the research objectives or answer the researci
exhaustively. Methods of data collection were observation, in-depth int distribution
of questionnaire.

The data obtained were presented by u histograms, and frequency polygons. Data
were analyzed and interpret based on the patterns reflected by the statistics. The
statistical pa debated and challenges to the current practices and the following ‘ every
family is vulnerable to drug abuse by children regardless of m lack of adequate time
for socialization amongst family members contril abuse among children, drug abuse
among children can start as early a years of age. It was concluded that drug abuse can
be eradicat collaboration between families, community, government and hospitals
that it has been recommended that children should go to school roaming around, be
involved in sports to avoid idling, be selective in inte peers and be inspired with
parents’ ideals and ethics. Among others,
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

CERTIFICATION ....................................................................................................... ii
COPY RIGHT ............................................................................................................. iii
DECLARATION ........................................................................................................ iv
DEDICATION ............................................................................................................ v
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................ vi
ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................... vii
LIST OF TABLES ..................................................................................................... xii
LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................. xiii
ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ................................................................. xiv

CHAPTER ONE ........................................................................................................ 1
1.0. INTRODUCTION: ......................................................................................... 1
1.1. Overview .......................................................................................................... 1
1.2. Historical Background of the Problem of Drug Abuse .................................... 3
1.3. Statement of the Problem: ................................................................................ 8
1.4. Objectives of the Study .................................................................................. 10
1.5. Research Question .......................................................................................... 10
1.6. Significance of the Study ............................................................................... 10
1.7. Limitations of the Study ................................................................................. 11

CHAPTER TWO ..................................................................................................... 13
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................................ 13
2.1. Introduction .................................................................................................... 13
2.2. Theoretical Frame Work ................................................................................ 13
2.2.1 Interaction Theory .......................................................................................... 13
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2.2.2. Behaviorism Theory ....................................................................................... 15
2.3. Empirical Literature Review .......................................................................... 17
2.3.1. Drug abuse among the children in Western Countries ................................... 17
2.3.2. Over view drug abuse in Africa .................................................................... 18
2.3.3. Nature and extent of drug abuse in Tanzania ................................................. 19
2.3.4. Causes of abusing drugs among children ...................................................... 20
2.3.5. Routes of administering and effects of drug abuse among children .............. 23
2.3.6. Children law with regard to drugs .................................................................. 25
2.3.7. Knowledge Gap .............................................................................................. 27

CHAPTER THREE ................................................................................................. 28
3.0 RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES ...................................... 28
3.1. Introduction .................................................................................................... 28
3.2. Research Design ............................................................................................. 28
3.3. Description of Kinondoni District .................................................................. 29
3.4. The study area ................................................................................................ 29
3.5. Study Population ............................................................................................ 31
3.6. Sample size ..................................................................................................... 31
3.7. Sampling techniques ...................................................................................... 32
3.8. Methods for data collection ........................................................................... 32
3.8.1. Interview ......................................................................................................... 33
3.8.2: Questionnaire ................................................................................................. 34
3.8.3: Observation .................................................................................................... 34
3.9. Method of data analysis .................................................................................. 35
3.10. Ethical Clearance ............................................................................................ 36
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3.11. Pretesting Research Instruments .................................................................... 36

CHAPTER FOUR .................................................................................................... 38
4.0 DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION ................... 38
4.1. Introduction .................................................................................................... 38
4.2. Social Demographic Characteristics of the Respondents ............................... 39
4.2.1. Education Level .............................................................................................. 43
4.2.2. Occupation ..................................................................................................... 46
4.2.3. Respondents by Marital Status ....................................................................... 49
4..3. Empirical Findings ......................................................................................... 51
4.3.1. Research Question One .................................................................................. 58
4.3.2. Research Question Two ................................................................................. 61
4.3.3. Research Question Three ............................................................................... 66
4.4. Awareness on Remedial Measures of Drug Abuse ........................................ 67

CHAPTER FIVE ...................................................................................................... 71
5.0 SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS ................ 71
5.1. Summary ........................................................................................................ 71
5.2. Conclusion ...................................................................................................... 73
5.3. Recommendations .......................................................................................... 74
5.3.1. Recommendations to Children ....................................................................... 74
5.3.2. Recommendations to Parents ......................................................................... 75
5.3.3. Recommendations to Government ................................................................. 76
5.3.4. Recommendation to Hospitals ....................................................................... 77
5.3.5. Recommendations to Community .................................................................. 77

REFERENCES ......................................................................................................... 78