Cassava Breeding, Agronomy Research and Technology Transfer in Asia

468 Pages·2016·10.66 MB·English

Cassava Breeding, Agronomy Research
and Technology Transfer in Asia

Proceedings of the Fourth Regional Workshop
held in Trivandrum, Kerala, India, Nov 2-6, 1993.

ICAR
CIAT is a nonprofit organization devoted to the agricultural and economic development of the lowland
tropics. The government of Colombia provides support as a host country for CIAT and furnishes a 522-
hectare site near Cali for CIAT's headquarters. In addition, the Colombia Foundation for Higher Education
(FES) makesavailabletoCIATa 184-hectaresubstationinQuilichaoand a73-hectaresubstationnearPopayan;
the Colombian Rice Federation (FEDEARROZ) also makes available to CIAT a 30-hectare farm - Santa Rosa
substation - nearVillavicencio. CIATco-manages with theColombian Agricultural Institute(ICA) the22,000-
hectare Carimagua Research Center on the Colombian eastern plains and carries out collaborative work on
several other ICA experimental stations inColombia; similarwork isdonewith nationalagriculturalagencies
in other Latin American countries.
CIAT is financed by a number of donors, most of which are represented in the Consultative Group on
International Agricultural Research (CGIAR). During 1985 these CIAT donors include the governments of
Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, France, the Federal Republic ofGermany, Italy, Japan, Mexico, the Neth
erlands, Norway, the People's Republic ofChina, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and the
United States of America. Organizations that are CIAT donors in 1985 include the European Economic
Community (EEC), the Ford Foundation, the Inter-American DevelopmentBank(IDE), theInternational Bank
for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), the International Development Research Centre (IDRC), the
International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), the Rockefeller Foundation; the United Nations
Development Programme (UNDP), and the W.K. Kellogg Foundation.
Information and conclusions reported herein do not necessarily reflect the position of any of the aforemen
tioned entities.
Cassava Breeding, Agronomy Research
and Technology Transfer in Asia
Proceeding of the Fourth Regional Workshop
held in Trivandrum, Kerala, India. Nov 2-6, 1993.
Technical Editor : R.H. Howeler
Organized by Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT)
and the Central Tuber Crops Research Institute (CTCRI)
under the Indian Council of Agricultural Research
With financial support from
- Government of Japan
T his o
EA7N-S47-1747
Cover photo:
R.H. Howeler
Distribution of new cassava
varieties in Prachinburi, Thailand
Centra International de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT)
Apartado Aereo 67-13
Cali, Colombia
CIATRegional Cassava Program forAsia
Field Crops Research Institute
Department ofAgriculture
Chatuchak, Bangkok, Thailand
March, 1995
Print Order: 400 Copies
Reference: Centro Internacional deAgricultura Tropical (CIAT). 1995. Cassava
Breeding, AgronomyResearch and Technology Transferin Asia.
Proc. Fourth Regional Workshopheldin Trivandrum, India. Nov2-6, 1993.
R.H. Howeler (Ed.). Bangkok, Thailand. 464p.
I. Cassava Asia-Breeding-Agronomy-Technology Transfer-Workshop
II. Howeler, R.H.
III. Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical
PREFACE
The Centro Internacional de Agriculture Tropical (CIAT), located in Call, Co
lombia, has within the CGIAR system the world mandate for research on cassava
production and utilization, while the International Institute for Tropical Agriculture
(IITA), located in Nigeria, has responsibility for cassava research in Africa. In order to
facilitate communication with national cassava research programs in Asia, CIAT estab
lished a Regional Cassava Office in Bangkok, Thailand, in 1983. Through this Regional
Office for Asia, a network of cassava researchers in national research institutes and
universities has been established with the objective of enhancing communication be
tween researchers, either within or among the various cassava producing countries, in
order to increase the efficiency of the research with the goal of improving production
and utilization of cassava in Asia. In this regard, CIAT is working closely with re
searchers in national programs, mainly through collaborative research in cassava vari
etal improvement and agronomic practices.
To further enhance communication among the researchers in the network, CIAT
has been organizing regional workshops at about three year intervals. The first work
shop was held in Bangkok in 1984 to review the general situation of cassava in Asia, to
identify constraints and set research priorities. The second workshop was held in
Rayong, Thailand, in 1987 to review the first years' results in varietal improvement and
to review all agronomic research that had been conducted prior to that date by national
programs; this allowed the setting of research priorities in the area of agronomy for the
future. The third workshop was held in Malang, Indonesia, in 1990 to review the
research on varietal improvement and agronomy during the previous three years, as
well as to review all research on cassava utilization aspects that had been conducted in
various national institutes in the region. The latter activity was followed by a special
workshop on root and tuber crops processing, marketing and utilization, which was
held in the Philippines in 1991 and sponsored by CIP, IITA and CIAT. Proceedings of
these various workshops have been printed and are available at the CIAT Regional
Office in Bangkok. Finally, the fourth workshop was held in Trivandrum, Kerala, India,
in November of 1993 to review the research in varietal improvement and agronomy
conducted since the previous workshop and to discuss in detail the process and meth
odologies used in the transfer of technology in the various countries, with special
emphasis on the transfer of new cassava varieties and cultural practices. Some papers
on technology transfer were presented by people working in extension institutes and
their presence at the workshop added a new dimension to our concern for improving
the impact our research has on the lives of cassava farmers and processors. The papers
presented during this fourth workshop are published in this Proceedings.
During the third workshop in Malang an Advisory Committee on Asian Cas
sava Research was established. The objective of this Committee is to advice CIAT on
priority areas of research for the Asian Cassava Research Network, to decide about the
distribution of funding for collaborative research projects, and to set the time, place and
theme for the next workshop. After the initial meeting of the Advisory Committee in
Malang, a second meeting was held from June 15-17, 1992, at MARDI, in Malaysia,
while the third meeting was held in Trivandrum during the fourth workshop. During
this last meeting the following members were elected:
Zheng Xueqin SCATC, China : Chairman
Kazuo Kawano CIAT, Thailand : Secretary
Bambang Guritno BU, Indonesia
G.T. Kurup CTCRI, India
Tan Swee Lian MARDI, Malaysia
Jose Bacusmo PRCRTC, Philippines
Charn Tiraporn DOA, Thailand
Pham Van Bien IAS, Vietnam
Reinhardt Howeler CIAT, Thailand
Rupert Best CIAT, Colombia : Observer
During the meeting it was decided to organize the fifth Workshop at SCATC, Hainan,
China at the end of 1996.
CIAT would like to take this opportunity to thank the members of the organiz
ing committee of the fourth Workshop for their hard work and dedication in organizing
this event, which resulted in an excellent workshop and a very interesting field trip to
Kanniyakumari, as well as a visit to the Central Tuber Crops Research Institute. All
workshop participants appreciated the excellent work of the local organizing committee
comprising mainly staff members of CTCRI. Many thanks.
R. H. Howeler
CIAT, Bangkok
November, 1994
CONTENTS
Page
Preface 3
Workshop Program 8
Opening Remarks to the 4th Cassava Research Workshop 11
Kazuo Kawano
Inaugural Address: Role of Cassava in the Rural and Industrial 12
Development of India
K.L. Chadha
Special Address: SAGOSERVE - A Success Story in the Cassava 17
Industry of Tamil Nadu
Vishwanath Shegaonkar
Getting Appropriate Technologies to Users: The Research Perspective 23
Louise Sperling
Focusing Basic Research for Cassava Varietal Improvement 40
C Iglesias, M. Bonierbale, M. El-Sharkawy,
C. Lozano, A. Bellotti and C Wheatley
Recent Progress in Cassava Agronomy in India 61
T.V.R. Nayar, S. Kabeerathumma, VP. Potty
and CR. Mohankumar
Recent Progress in Cassava Varietal Improvement in India 84
P.G. Rajendran, S.G. Nair, CS. EaswariAmina,
K. Vasudevan andM.T. Shreekumari
Cassava Technology Transfer and Utilization in India 97
C Balagopalan andM. Anantharaman
Recent Progress in Cassava Agronomy Research in Thailand 110
C Sittibusaya, C. Tbiraporn, A. Tongglum,
U. Cenpukdee, V. Vichukit, S. JantawatandR.H. Howeler
Recent Progress in Cassava Varietal Improvement in Thailand 124
C Rodjanaridpiched, A. Limsila, D. Supraharn,
O. Boonseng, P. Poolsanguan, C. Tbiraporn andK. Kawano
Cassava Extension Organization and Activities in Thailand 135
KaivalKlakbaeng, Cbarungsri Boonmark and
Cbavalvut Chainuvat
Page
Recent Progress in Cassava Agronomy Research in Indonesia 147
/. Wargiono, B. Guritno, Y. Sugito and Y. Widodo
Recent Progress in Cassava Varietal Improvement in Indonesia 175
Soemarjo Poespodarsono and Y. Widodo
Cassava Technology Transfer in Indonesia 183
Ahmad Dimyati
Recent Progress in Cassava Agronomy Research in China 195
Tian Yinong, LeeJun, Zhang Weite andFang Baiping
Recent Progress in Cassava Varietal Improvement in China 217
Fang Baiping, Lin Xiong, LiKaimian and Tian Yinong
Methods and Strategies for Cassava Technology Transfer in China 225
.Lin Xiongand LiKaimian
Recent Progress in Cassava Agronomy Research in Vietnam 237
Nguyen Huu Hy, Tran DaiNghia andPham Van Bien
Recent Progress in Cassava Varietal Improvement in Vietnam 253
Tran NgocNgoan, Tran Ngoc Quyen, HoangKim
andK Kawano
On-farm Research and Transfer of Technology for Cassava 262
Production in Vietnam
HoangKim, Tran Van Son, Nguyen Van Thang,
Tran Ngoc Quyen andAo Van Thinh
Recent Progress in Cassava Agronomy Research in the Philippines 290
FA. Evangelio, F.G. VillamayorJr, A.G. Dingal,
J.C. Ladera, A.C. Medellin,J. Miranda and G.E. SajiseJr
Recent Progress in Cassava Varietal Improvement in the Philippines 306
Algerico M. MariscalandJose L. Bacusmo
Cassava Technology Transfer in the Philippines 322
F.A. Gundaya, FA. Evangelio, R.T Sanico,J.R. Roa,
R.R. Orias andM.CU. Ramirez
Recent Progress in Cassava Varietal Improvement and Agronomy 337
Research in Malaysia
S.L. Tan andS.K Chan
"Green Revolution" and Cassava Breeding 335
Kazuo Kawano
Agronomy Research in the Asian Cassava Network - Towards Better 368
Production Without Soil Degradation
Reinhardt H. Howeler
Page
Cassava Technology Adoption: Constraints and Opportunities 410
Guy Henry andMaria V. Gottret
The Cassava Biotechnology Network (CBN) and Cassava 433
Technology Research
A.M. Thro, WM. Roca and G. Henry
Concluding Remarks to the 4th Asian Cassava Research Workshop 442
Kazuo Kawano
Conference Participants 444
Appendix 447
IV Asian Cassava Research Workshop, 2-6 November 1993,
Trivandrum, India
-Program-
1 Nov (Monday) Arrival and Registration at the South Park Hotel
2 Nov (Tuesday)
0800-0900 Registration
0900-0910 Welcome to Workshop G.T. Kurup
0910-0920 Introduction to Workshop K.Kawano
Chairman, G.T. Kurup
0920-1000 Inaugural address K.L. Chadha (ICAR)
Role of cassava in the rural and industrial
development of India.
1000-1030 Coffee
1030-1100 SAGOSERVE-A success story in V. Shegaonkar
cassava industrial development
1100-1130 Concept of technology transfer L. Sperling
1130-1300 Lunch
Chairman, Cham Thiraporn
1300-1330 Recent progress in cassava agronomy T.V.R. Nayar
research in India
1330-1400 Recent progress in cassava varietal P.G. Rajendran
improvement in India
1400-1430 Cassava technology transfer in India • C. Balagopalan
1430-1450 Discussion
1450-1510 Coffee
Chairman, Bambang Guritno
1510-1540 Recent progress in cassava agronomy C. Sittibusaya
research in Thailand
1540-1610 Recent progress in cassava varietal C. Rodjanaridpiched
improvement in Thailand