Table Of ContentConstruction
fifth
edition
fifth edition
A complete, step-by-step guide to
C
CARPENTRY AND CONSTRUCTION
A
R
P
R evised and updated, Carpentry & Construction, Fifth Edition, takes you through every
E
step of house construction in such detail that you can use it to build your own home!
Clear instructions, along with more than 1,500 photographs and illustrations, demonstrate N
each phase of construction—from selecting tools, to pouring the foundation, to finishing
T
the interior. This how-to handbook also covers remodeling, additions, and repairs.
R
Whether you’re a do-it-yourselfer or a professional contractor, you’ll find all the Y
task-simplifying details you need for your projects, each logically organized by
building stages. Learn how to tackle: &
m Footings and foundations m Kitchen and bathroom remodeling C
m Framing and roofing m Tiling O
m Windows and doors m Solar heating N
m Exterior and interior walls m Termite prevention S
m Wiring m Skylights T
m Plumbing m Fences, decks, and patios R
m Insulation m Private water and sewage systems U
m Interior finishing m And much more C
CARPENTRY &
T
Featuring new material covering the latest green building options, tools of the trade,
I
construction methods, code updates, and a 16-page color insert, this book helps you get
O
the job done better and faster. There’s no other resource that covers the home building
process as thoroughly and expertly as Carpentry & Construction, Fifth Edition. N CONSTRUCTION
USD $49.95
Miller m Miller
ISBN 978-0-07-162471-8
MHID 0-07-162471-6
54995>
MARK R. MilleR m Rex MilleR
Cover Design: Mary McKeon 9 780071 624718
Miller 00:FM_Miller_144008-9 9/18/09 12:57 PM Page i
Carpentry
&
Construction
Miller 00:FM_Miller_144008-9 9/18/09 12:57 PM Page ii
About the Authors
Mark R. Miller is a professor of technology and co- Rex Milleris professor emeritus of industrial technol-
ordinator for the industrial management programs in ogy at the State University of New York–College at
the Department of Human Resource Development & Buffalo, where he taught technical curriculums for
Technology at The University of Texas at Tyler. He more than 40 years. He has authored or co-authored
teaches technology courses for future middle man- more than 100 texts for vocational and industrial arts
agers and has authored or co-authored more than 35 programs.
technical books and numerous technical articles.
Miller 00:FM_Miller_144008-9 9/18/09 12:57 PM Page iii
Carpentry
&
Construction
M R. M
ARK ILLER
Professor
The University of Texas at Tyler
Tyler, Texas
R M
EX ILLER
Professor Emeritus
State University of New York–College at Buffalo
Buffalo, New York
5th Edition
New York Chicago San Francisco Lisbon London
Madrid Mexico City Milan New Delhi San Juan
Seoul Singapore Sydney Toronto
Miller 00:FM_Miller_144008-9 1/5/11 11:58 AM Page iv
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Miller, Mark R.
Carpentry & construction / Mark R. Miller, Rex Miller.—5th ed.
p. cm.
Includes index.
ISBN 978-0-07-162471-8 (alk. paper)
1. Carpentry. 2. House construction. I. Miller, Rex, date.
II. Title. III. Title: Carpentry and construction.
TH5606.M52 2010
694—dc22 2009040433
Copyright © 2010, 2004, 1999, 1991, 1981 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights
reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Except as permitted under the United
States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in
any form or by any means, or stored in a data base or retrieval system, without the prior writ-
ten permission of the publisher.
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 QPD/QPD 1 5 4 3 2 1
ISBN 978-0-07-162471-8
MHID0-07-162471-6
Sponsoring Editor:Joy Bramble Oehlkers
Editing Supervisor:Stephen M. Smith
Production Supervisor:Richard C. Ruzycka
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This book is printed on acid-free paper.
Information contained in this work has been obtained by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
(“McGraw-Hill”) from sources believed to be reliable. However, neither McGraw-Hill nor
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Miller 00:FM_Miller_144008-9 9/18/09 12:57 PM Page v
Contents
Preface xiii The Level-Transit 32
Acknowledgments xv Using the Level and Level-Transit 32
Establishing Elevations 34
Using the Leveling Rod 34
1Let’s Get Started
Preparing the Site 35
Safety 2 Clearing 35
Other Safety Measures 2 Excavation 35
General Safety Rules 3 Providing Access During Construction 37
Safety on the Job 4 Materials Storage 37
Safety Hazards 4 Temporary Utilities 38
Using Carpenter Tools 5 Waste Disposal 38
Measuring Tools 5 Arranging Delivery Routes 39
Saws 6 Chapter 2 Study Questions 40
Hammers and Other Small Tools 7
Squares 9 3Footings and Foundations
Power Tools 13
Footings 42
Following Correct Sequences 20
Sequence 43
Preparing the Site 20
Lay Out the Footings 43
The Basement 21
Soil Strength 43
The Floor 21
Footing Width 44
Wall Frames 21
Locating Footing Depth 44
Sheathing 22
Footings under Columns 44
Roofing 22
Special Strength Needs 45
Siding 22
Reinforcement and Strength 45
Finishing 22
Excavating the Footings 45
The Laser Level 23
Finding Trench Depth 45
Chapter 1 Study Questions 24
Excavating for Deep Footings 46
2Site Preparation Excavating for Shallow Footings 46
Slab Footings and Basements 48
Basic Sequence 26 Building the Forms for the Footings 48
Locating the Building on the Site 26
Forms Layout 48
Property Boundaries 26 Nails 48
Laying Out the Foundation 27 Putting Up the Forms 48
The Builder’s Level 30 Working with Concrete 49
How Does It Work? 30 Reinforcement 49
Three Main Parts of a Builder’s Level 30 Specifying Concrete 49
Preparing the Instrument 30 Setting Time 50
v
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Concrete Estimating 51 5Floor Frames
Pouring the Concrete 51
Slump Test 52 Floors 90
Building the Foundation Forms 52 Framing Methods 90
Form Spacing 53 Balloon-Frame Construction 90
Constructing the Forms 53 Platform-Frame Construction 91
Joining the Forms Together 54 Sequence 92
Spreaders 54 Placement of the Sill 92
Panel Forms 54 Anchor the Sill 94
One-Piece Forms 55 Setting Girders 95
Special Forms 56 Joists 97
Openings and Special Shapes 56 Lay Out the Joists 97
Reinforcing Concrete Foundations 58 Engineered Wood Joists 99
Estimating Concrete Volume 59 Cut Joists 100
Delivery and Pouring 59 Setting the Joists 102
Finishing the Concrete 59 Fire and Draft Stops 102
Concrete Block Walls 60 Bridging 103
Plywood Foundations 61 Subfloors 104
Drainage and Waterproofing 61 Plywood Subfloor 105
Waterproofing Basement Walls 62 Chipboard and Fiberboard 105
Basement Walls Coatings 62 Laying Sheets 105
Gray Wall 64 Board Subflooring 106
Termites 64 Special Joists 108
Types of Termites 65 Overhangs 108
Termite Protection 66 Cantilevered In-Line Joist System 109
Termites and Treated Wood 67 Sunken Floors 110
Pressure-Treated Wood 67 Low Profiles 110
Preservatives 68 Energy Factors 111
Above-Ground and In-Ground Treatment 68 Moisture Barriers 111
Nails and Fasteners 69 Energy Plenums 111
Handling and Storing Treated Wood 69 Chapter 5 Study Questions 113
Chapter 3 Study Questions 69
6Framing Walls
4Concrete Slabs and Floors
Framing 116
Slabs 72 Sequence 117
The Slab Sequence 72 Wall Layout 117
Types of Slabs 73 Plate Layout 117
Excavate 73 Stud Layout 117
Construct the Forms 74 Corner Studs 119
Prepare the Subsurface 75 Partition Studs 120
Different Shapes 77 Find Stud Length 120
Pouring the Slab 77 Frame Rough Openings 122
Expansion and Contraction 81 Header Size 122
Joints 82 Cutting Studs to Length 123
Concrete Floors 82 Cutting Tips 123
Stairs 83 Wall Assembly 124
Sidewalks and Driveways 84 Nailing Studs to Plates 125
Sidewalks 84 Corner Braces 126
Driveways 84 Plywood Corner Braces 126
Special Finishes and Surfaces 85 Diagonal Corner Braces 126
Surface Textures 85 Erect the Walls 129
Energy Factors 87 Wall Sheathing 130
Chapter 4 Study Questions 87 To Raise the Wall 130
vi Contents
Miller 00:FM_Miller_144008-9 9/18/09 12:57 PM Page vii
Put Up a Temporary Brace 130 Plywood Decking 173
Interior Walls 130 Boards for Decking 176
Locate Soleplates for Partitions 131 Shingle Stringers 176
Studs 131 Constructing Special Shapes 178
Corners 131 Gambrel-Shaped-Roof Storage Shed 178
Headers and Trimmers 131 Mansard Roofs 181
Soleplate 132 Post-and-Beam Roofs 181
Special Walls 132 Roof Load Factors 183
Soundproofing 132 Laying Out a Stair 184
Sheathing 135 Aluminum Soffit 185
Fiberboard Sheathing 135 Material Availability 185
Plywood Sheathing 135 Metal Connectors 188
“Energy” Sheathing 136 Chapter 7 Study Questions 196
Boards 137
Factors in Wall Construction 137 8Roofs and Roofing
Standard Spacing 137
Roofing 198
Notching and Boring 137
Sequence 198
Modular Standards 139
Types of Roofs 199
Energy 139
Drainage Factors 199
Chapter 6 Study Questions 140
Roofing Terms 200
Pitch 201
7Framing the Roof
Slope 203
Roofs 142 Estimating Roofing Quantities 204
Framing Lumber 142 Estimating Area 204
Standard Sizes of Bulk Lumber 142 Horizontal Area 205
Grades of Lumber 142 Computation of Roof Areas 205
Roof Shapes 143 Duplications 206
Sequence 144 Converting Horizontal to Slope Areas 206
Truss Roofs 144 Accessories 207
Truss Construction 144 Length of Rake 207
Truss Disadvantages 144 Hips and Valleys 207
The Framing Square 149 Dormer Valleys 208
Parts of the Square 150 Roofing Tools 208
Steel Square Uses 152 Safety 209
Roof Framing 152 Appearance 209
Roof Terms 153 Applying an Asphalt Roof 210
Principal Roof Frame Members 154 Roof Problems 210
Rafters 155 Putting Down Shingles 212
Layout of a Rafter 155 Nails 212
Lengths of Rafters 158 Fasteners for Nonwood Materials 213
Common Rafters 158 Shingle Selection 214
Hip-and-Valley Rafters 161 Cements 215
Jack Rafters 164 Starter Course 217
Brace Measuring 165 Starting at the Center (Hip Roof) 218
Erecting the Roof with Rafters 166 Valleys 218
Rafter Layout 166 Flashing Against a Vertical Wall 221
Raising Rafters 166 Chimneys 222
Special Rafters 169 Soil Stacks 224
Dormers 169 Strip Shingles 225
Bay Windows 169 Deck Preparation 225
Ceiling Joists 169 First and Succeeding Courses 226
Openings 171 Ribbon Courses 227
Decking 173 Wind Protection 228
Contents vii
Miller 00:FM_Miller_144008-9 9/18/09 12:57 PM Page viii
Two- and Three-Tab Hex Strips 228 Metal Doors 274
Hips and Ridges 229 Installing Folding Doors 274
Steep-Slope and Mansard Roofs 230 Door and Window Trim 278
Interlocking Shingles 230 Interior Door Trim 278
Hips and Ridges 231 Window Trim 279
Roll Roofing 232 Installing Locks 280
Windy Locations 232 Storm Doors and Windows 283
Exposed Nails—Parallel to the Rake 232 Installing a Sliding Door 287
Hips and Ridges 233 Preparation of the Rough Opening 288
Wood Shingles 233 Installation of a Wood Sliding Door 290
Sizing Up the Job 234 Masonry or Brick-Veneer Wall Installation
Roof Exposure 234 of a Sliding Door 294
Estimating Shingles Needed 234 Installation of a Perma-Shield Sliding
Tools of the Trade 236 Door 294
Applying the Shingle Roof 236 Installing a Garage Door 295
Valleys and Flashings 236 Energy Factors 301
Shingling at Roof Junctures 237 Chapter 9 Study Questions 302
Applying Shingles to Hips and Ridges 238
Nails for Wooden Shingles 238 10Exterior Walls
Chapter 8 Study Questions 238
Walls 304
Cornice 304
9Windows and Doors
Types of Siding 305
Sequence 242 Sequence 306
Types of Windows 243 Job Preparation 306
Preparing the Rough Opening for a Vapor Barrier 306
Window 248 Nail Selection 307
Steps in Preparing the Rough Opening 250 Estimating the Siding Needed 308
Installing a Wood Window 254 Scaffolding 309
Installing Windows by Nailing the Flange to Job-Built Scaffolds 310
the Sheathing 255 Factory Scaffolds 311
Skylights 256 Ladder Use 313
Installing a Skylight 258 Ladder Safety 315
Preparing the Roof Opening 258 Scaffold Safety 315
Cutting the Roof Opening 258 Roof Edges 315
Framing the Roof Opening 259 Open Eaves 315
Mounting the Skylight 260 Enclosed Cornices 315
Sealing the Installation 260 Siding the Gable Ends 319
Replacing the Shingles 261 Installing Siding 322
Preparing the Ceiling Opening 261 Board Siding 323
Framing the Ceiling Opening 262 Siding Layout 325
Constructing the Light Shaft 262 Nailing 325
Operation and Maintenance of Corner Finishing 326
Skylights 262 Panel Siding 327
Condensation 262 Nails and Nailing 327
Care and Maintenance 263 Nail Shanks 329
Tube-Type Skylights 263 Nail Points 329
Terms Used in Window Installation 265 Shingle and Shake Siding 330
Prehung Doors 267 Shingles 330
Types of Doors 267 Nailing 330
Installing an Exterior Door 268 Shakes 330
Hanging a Two-Door System 274 Corners 330
Handing Instructions 274 Preparation for Other Wall Finishes 334
viii Contents
Miller 00:FM_Miller_144008-9 9/18/09 12:57 PM Page ix
Stucco Finish 334 Voice and Data Applications 384
Brick and Stone Coverings 335 Installation of Cable 384
Aluminum Siding 336 Service Center 384
Vertical Aluminum Siding 337 Chapter 11 Study Questions 386
Solid Vinyl Siding 338
Chapter 10 Study Questions 339 12Plumbing
Sequence 391
11House Wiring
Plumbing Systems 391
Local Distribution 342 Supply Lines 391
Farm Electricity 344 Drains 392
Safety Around Electricity 345 P Traps and Drains 394
Grounded Conductors 347 System Vents 395
House Service 347 Cleanouts 395
Ground-Fault Circuit Interrupter Planning 396
(GFCI) 347 Contractors and Plumbers 396
Service Entrance 350 Pipe Type 397
Planning 351 Locating Pipes 403
Permits 352 Chapter 12 Study Questions 404
Local Regulations 352
13Insulation
Service from Head to Box 353
Installation of the Service 354 Types of Insulation 409
Inserting Wire into a Conduit 355 How Much Is Enough? 410
Distribution Panels 356 Where to Insulate 410
Romex Cable 356 Installing Insulation 411
Wire Size 357
Installing Insulation in Ceilings 411
Planning the Right Size Service and
Installation Safety 411
Circuits 358
Installing Insulation in Unfloored Attics 413
150-Ampere Service 359
Installing Insulation in Floored Attics 413
Branch Circuits 359
Installing Insulation in Floors 413
Electric Space Heating 361
Insulating Basement Walls 416
Air Conditioning 363
Insulating Crawl Spaces 416
Space Heating and Air-Conditioning
Installing Insulation in Walls 416
Outlets 365
Vapor Barriers and Moisture Control 420
Entrance Signals 365
Condensation 420
Cable Television 367
Thermal Ceilings 421
Installing Romex 368
Installing Thermal Ceiling Panels 422
Box Volume 369
Decorative Beams 422
Lighting Fixtures 370 Storm Windows 423
Wires and Boxes 371 Storm Doors 426
Electric Ranges 373
Sealants 426
Connecting Ranges Permanently 374 Winterizing a Home 427
Sizing a Range over 12,000 Watts 376 Insulating Foam Sealant 428
Tap Conductors 377 Chapter 13 Study Questions 428
Clothes Dryer 378
Microwave Ovens 380 14Interior Walls and Ceilings
Overhead Garage Doors 381
Garage Door Opener 381 Sequence 432
Electric Water Heaters 381 Putting Insulation in Walls 432
Garbage Disposers 382 Installing a Moisture Barrier 433
Air Conditioners 383 Putting Up Gypsum Board 433
Newer Wiring Systems 383 Putting Up the Ceiling 435
High-Speed, High-Performance Cable for Applying Ceiling Sheets 437
Contents ix
