Carotenoids: Properties, Processing and Applications

388 Pages·2019·28.528 MB·English

by  Charis M. Galanakis

Carotenoids: Properties, Processing
and Applications
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Carotenoids: Properties,
Processing and
Applications
Edited by
Charis M. Galanakis
Research and Innovation Director, Galanakis
Laboratories, Chania, Greece
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Contents
Contributors ix
Preface xiii
1 Overview of carotenoids and beneficial effects on human health 1
Renata Rivera-Madrid, Victor Manuel Carballo-Uicab,
Yair Cárdenas-Conejo, Margarita Aguilar-Espinosa and
Ramamoorthy Siva
Introduction 1
Carotenoids and aging 3
Role of carotenoids against cancer 8
Cardiovascular diseases 20
Uses 23
Perspectives and conclusions 25
Acknowledgments 25
References 25
Further reading 40
2 Factors affecting bioaccessibility and bio-efficacy of carotenoids 41
Shivaprasad Shilpa, Hulikere Jagdish Shwetha, Marisiddaiah Raju
and Rangaswamy Lakshminarayana
Introduction 42
Carotenoids bioaccessibility and bioavailability 43
Bioefficacy of carotenoids with provitamin A activity 46
Effect of dietary and nondietary factors affecting bioaccessibility,
bioavailability, and bioefficacy of carotenoids 49
Dietary fiber and carotenoids bioavailability 54
Influence of other phytoconstituents on carotenoid bioaccessibility,
bioavailability, and bioefficacy 56
Physiological factors: Gut health 57
Genotype 58
Chemical speciation, food matrix, and location of carotenoids
in the plant tissue 59
Carotenoids speciation and isomeric form 60
Overview of bioaccessibility and bioavailability of carotenoids from
carotenoid-rich fruits and vegetables 61
Conclusion 63
Acknowledgments 63
vi Contents
References 63
Further reading 73
3 Antiobese properties of carotenoids: An overview of
underlying molecular mechanisms 75
Sowmya Shree Gopal, Tehreem Maradgi and Ganesan Ponesakki
Introduction 75
Molecular mechanisms of obesity 82
Antiobese properties of carotenoids 84
Conclusions 96
Acknowledgments 96
References 97
Further reading 104
4 Underutilized sources of carotenoids 107
María del Mar Contreras-Gámez and Ana María Gómez-Caravaca
Introduction 107
Vegetable by-products as sources of carotenoids 112
Fruits by-products as sources of carotenoids 126
Cereals by-products as sources of carotenoids 134
Opportunities: Inclusion of agro-food wastes in a biorefinery scheme 135
Other sources 137
Conclusions 137
Funding 138
References 138
5 Carotenoids from microalgae 149
T. Lafarga, I. Clemente and M. Garcia-Vaquero
Introduction 149
Cultivation and harvesting of microalgae 151
Biomass processing to recover high valuable compounds 161
Carotenoid extraction methods 170
Purification and storage of carotenoids 172
Recent advances in the synthesis of carotenoids 173
Future of microalgal carotenoid industry 177
Conclusions 178
Acknowledgments 178
References 178
6 Analysis and metabolomics of carotenoids 189
Patricia Regal, Alexandre Lamas, Cristina A. Fente,
Carlos M. Franco and A. Cepeda
Keys to carotenoid analysis 189
Analytical methods for carotenoids 191
Contents vii
Metabolomics in carotenoid analysis 211
Conclusion 213
References 214
7 Carotenoids degradation and precautions during processing 223
Wei Lu, Valentyn A. Maidannyk and Aaron S.L. Lim
Introduction 223
Encapsulation and delivery of carotenoids 225
Liposome 225
Emulsions 226
Solid lipid nanoparticles 228
Filled hydrogel (gelled emulsions) 229
Polysaccharides complexes 230
Carotenoids degradation 232
Carotenoids stability in food systems 234
Glass transition, water plasticization, and α-relaxations 239
WLF modeling and strength 242
Strength vs degradation of carotenoids 247
Conclusion 248
References 249
Further reading 258
8 Extraction of carotenoids and applications 259
Shi-Hui Cheng, Hock Eng Khoo, Kin Weng Kong,
Krishnamurthy Nagendra Prasad and Charis M. Galanakis
Introduction 260
Extraction of carotenoids 262
Ionic liquids as solvents for extraction 266
Hydrotropes 272
Final product formation 275
Applications of carotenoids 275
Applications of ionic liquids in the food industry and toxicity issues 276
Conclusion 277
References 278
Further reading 288
9 Carotenoids as potential biocolorants: A case study of astaxanthin
recovered from shrimp waste 289
Farah Ayuni Mohd Hatta and Rashidi Othman
Introduction 290
Experimental design 300
Result and discussion 304
Conclusion 318
References 319
viii Contents
10 Commercialization aspects of carotenoids 327
Ludmila Bogacz-Radomska, Joanna Harasym and Arkadiusz Piwowar
Production methods 328
Legal regulations 332
Carotenoids market 336
Carotenoids commercialization 343
Summary 352
References 352
Further reading 357
Index 359
Contributors
Margarita Aguilar-Espinosa Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Plants, Yucatan
Center for Scientific Research (CICY), A.C., Merida, Mexico
Ludmila Bogacz-Radomska Adaptive Food Systems Accelerator, Department of
Biotechnology and Food Analysis, Wroclaw University of Economics, Wroclaw,
Poland
Victor Manuel Carballo-Uicab Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Plants,
Yucatan Center for Scientific Research (CICY), A.C., Merida, Mexico
Yair Cárdenas-Conejo CONACYT -University of Colima, Colima, Mexico
A. Cepeda Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty
of Veterinary Science, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
Shi-Hui Cheng  School of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, The University of
Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Semenyih, Malaysia
I. Clemente School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin,
Dublin 4, Ireland
María del Mar Contreras-Gámez Department of Chemical, Environmental and
Materials Engineering, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
Cristina A. Fente Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology,
Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
Carlos M. Franco Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology,
Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
Charis M. Galanakis Research & Innovation Department, Galanakis Laboratories,
Chania, Greece; Food Waste Recovery Group, ISEKI Food Association, Vienna,
Austria
M. Garcia-Vaquero School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin,
Dublin 4, Ireland