Caribbean Revolutions: Cold War Armed Movements

177 Pages·2018·1.769 MB·English

by  Rachel A. May, Alejandro Schneider, Roberto González Arana

CaribbeanRevolutions
This book provides both a should be an historical introduction and
acomparativeanalysisofthefivemostimportantguerrillamovementsin
theCaribbeanBasinbetween1959andthe1990s,includingGuatemala,El
Salvador,Nicaragua,Colombia,andPuertoRico.Theauthorsarguethat
theColdWarshapedandfueledthestructure,tactics,andideologiesofthe
diverserevolutionarymovementsintheregion.Theauthorsalsoaddress
theparticularimpactthattheCubanRevolutionhadontheregion.Thefirst
chapterofCaribbeanRevolutionsprovidesanintroductiontotheCuban
Revolution, the Cold War, and Marxist thought. Succeeding chapters
analyzeeachcasestudyindividuallyandalsoprovidediscussionsonthe
currentpoliticalsituationforalloftheorganizationscoveredinthebook
thatremainactive.Withlistsofsuggestedreadingandextraresourcesin
eachchapter,thisiswrittenasanaccessiblecoursebookforstudentsof
LatinAmericanhistoryandpolitics.
RachelA.MayisDirectoroftheInstitutefortheStudyofLatinAmerica
andtheCaribbean(ISLAC)attheUniversityofSouthFlorida.Sheisthe
authorofTerrorintheCountryside:CampesinoResponsestoPolitical
Violence in Guatemala, 1954–1985 (2001). She is the coeditor and
a contributor to (Un)Civil Societies: Human Rights and Democratic
Transitions in Eastern Europe and Latin America (2007) and La
Florida:FiveHundredYearsofHispanicPresence(2014).
Alejandro Schneider is Professor of History at both the University of
BuenosAiresandtheNationalUniversityofLaPlata(Argentina).Heis
a labor historian who has worked on the history of armed and social
movementsinLatinAmerica,andheistheauthororeditoroffourteen
booksonArgentineandLatinAmericanhistory.
Roberto González Arana is Professor of History and Director of the
InstituteofLatinAmericaandtheCaribbeanStudiesattheUniversityof
theNorth(UniNorte)inBarranquilla,Colombia.Hismanypublications
include Dictaduras en el Caribe (2018) and Sociedades en Conflicto:
movimientossocialesenAméricaLatina(2016).

Caribbean Revolutions
Cold War Armed Movements
RACHEL A. MAY
UniversityofSouthFlorida
ALEJANDRO SCHNEIDER
UniversityofBuenosAiresandtheNationalUniversity
ofLaPlata(Argentina)
ROBERTO GONZÁLEZ ARANA
UniversityoftheNorth(UniNorte),Colombia
UniversityPrintingHouse,Cambridgecb28bs,UnitedKingdom
OneLibertyPlaza,20thFloor,NewYork,ny10006,USA
477WilliamstownRoad,PortMelbourne,vic3207,Australia
314–321,3rdFloor,Plot3,SplendorForum,JasolaDistrictCentre,
NewDelhi–110025,India
79AnsonRoad,#06–04/06,Singapore079906
CambridgeUniversityPressispartoftheUniversityofCambridge.
ItfurtherstheUniversity’smissionbydisseminatingknowledgeinthepursuitof
education,learning,andresearchatthehighestinternationallevelsofexcellence.
www.cambridge.org
Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9781108424752
doi:10.1017/9781108344081
©CambridgeUniversityPress2018
Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception
andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements,
noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithoutthewritten
permissionofCambridgeUniversityPress.
Firstpublished2018
PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmericabySheridanBooks,Inc.
AcataloguerecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary.
isbn978-1-108-42475-2Hardback
isbn978-1-108-44090-5Paperback
CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceoraccuracyof
URLsforexternalorthirdpartyinternetwebsitesreferredtointhispublication
anddoesnotguaranteethatanycontentonsuchwebsitesis,orwillremain,
accurateorappropriate.
Contents
ListofFigures pagevi
Acknowledgments vii
ListofAcronyms viii
1 CubanRevolutionariesandtheCaribbeanBasin:
AnIntroduction 1
2 ArmedRevolutionaryStruggleinGuatemala 22
3 ArmedRevolutionaryStruggleinElSalvador 43
4 TheArmedMovementThatTookPower:TheSandinista
NationalLiberationFrontinNicaragua 63
5 ArmedRevolutionaryStruggleinColombia 90
6 ArmedOrganizationswithinthePuertoRicanRevolutionary
NationalistMovement 122
7 ArmedRevolutionaryMovementsinComparative
Perspective 147
Index 158
v
Figures
2.1 Organizationalchartofthehistoricalevolution
ofguerrillaorganizationsduringPhase1 page28
3.1 Organizationalchartofthehistoricalevolution
ofthefiveorganizationsmakinguptheFMLN 50
vi
Acknowledgments
This book was several years in the making, but we hope it is better for
theseextendedefforts.ThethreeofusmetforthefirsttimeinBarranquilla
several years ago, thanks to invitations from the Universidad del Norte.
We started this project as a workshop for graduate students from the
University of South Florida (USF) only a few months after that first
meeting. For their sponsorship of that workshop, we would like to
thank the staff of the Institute for the Study of Latin America and the
Caribbean (ISLAC) at USF. We would also like to thank Timothy
WickhamCrowley,whowasthediscussantatour2014 LASApanelon
armedrevolutionarymovementsintheCaribbean.Hiscommentarywas
thorough and thoughtful; as a result, we were inspired to continue with
thebook.DeborahGershenowitzhasencouragedusalongtheway.Both
her input and her patience were invaluable. And of course we are most
grateful to our partners and families, especially Doug Dusini, Ivonne
Molinares,andVictoriaUgartemendia.
vii
Acronyms
AD-M-19 AlianzaDemocrática
ANAPO AlianzaNacionalPopular
ANC AcciónNacionalConservadora
ATC AsociacióndeTrabajadoresdelCampo
BPP BloquePopularPatriótico
BPR BloquePopularRevolucionario
CAL ComandosArmadosdeLiberación
CDC ComitésdeDefensaCivil
CEBs ComunidadesEclesialesdeBase
CGCS CoordinadoraGuerrilleraSimónBolívar
CGT-I ConfederaciónGeneraldeTrabajadoresIndependientes
CNG CoordinadoraNacionalGuerrillera
CNR ComisiónNacionaldeReconciliación
COSEP ConsejoSuperiordelaEmpresaPrivada
CRM CoordinaciónRevolucionariadelasMasas
CTC ConfederacióndeTrabajadoresColombianos
CTN ConfederacióndeTrabajadoresNicaragüenses.
CUUN CentroUniversitariodelaUniversidadNacional
DRU DirecciónRevolucionariaUnida
EDSNN EjércitoDefensordelaSoberaníaNacionaldeNicaragua
EGP EjércitoGuerrillerodelosPobres
ELN EjércitodeLiberaciónNacional
EPR EjércitoRevolucionarioPopular
ERP EjércitoRevolucionariodelPueblo
ERTC EjércitoRevolucionariodelosTrabajadores
Centroamericanos
viii
ListofAcronyms ix
EZLN EjércitoZapatistadeLiberaciónNacional
FAL FuerzasArmadasparalaLiberación
FALN FuerzasArmadasdeLiberaciónNacional
FAO FrenteAmplioOpositor
FAR FuerzasArmadasRebeldes
FARC FuerzasArmadasRevolucionariasdeColombia
FARC-EP Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia–Ejército
Popular
FARN FuerzasArmadasdeResistenciaNacional
FARP FuerzasArmadasdeResistenciaPopular
FDR FrenteDemocráticoRevolucionario
FER FrentedeEstudiantesRevolucionarios
FGEI FrenteGuerrilleroEdgarIbarra
FLN FrentedeLiberaciónNacional
FMLN FrenteFarabundoMartíparalaLiberaciónNacional
FPL FuerzasPopularesdeLiberación
FPN FrentePatrióticoNacional
FRS FrenteRevolucionarioSandino
FSLN FrenteSandinistadeLiberaciónNacional
FUAR FrenteUnidadeAcciónRevoucionaria
FUN FederaciónUniversitariaNacional
FUR FrenteUnidadeResistencia.
GPP GuerraProlongadaPopular
JMRL JuventudesdelMovimientoRevolucionarioLiberal
JRN JuventudRevolucionariaNicaragüense
M-19 Movimiento19deAbril
MAP MovimientoArmadodelPueblo
MCR MovimientoCristianoRevolucionario
MES MovimientoEstudiantildeSecundaria
MIRA MovimientoIndependentistaRevolucionarioenArmas
MLC MovimientoLiberalConstitucionalista
MLP MovimientodeLiberacióndelPueblo
MNN MovimientoNuevaNicaragua
MOEC MovimientoObreroEstudiantilCampesino
MPI MovimientoProIndependencia
MPU MovimientoPuebloUnido
MR-13 MovimientoRebelde13deNoviembre
MRL MovimientoRevolucionarioLiberal
ORPA OrganizaciónRevolucionariadelPuebloenArmas
ORT OrganizaciónRevolucionariadeTrabajadores