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ISSN 1346-7565 ActaPhytotax.Geobot.61(3)1:45-150(2011)
Carex (secRta.rae,Cyperaceaej,a New Speciesfrom Japan
noguchii
JIRO ODAj' AND HIDETOSH! NAGAMASU
711tKeYotoU)tiversiMtiyiseum, Sakyo-k", 1<yoto606-8501,Jopan.
*[email protected],ip lauthor cfoorrrespondencoj
Carex noguchii J .Oda & Nagam. is describe das new to science. It is similar to C. biwensi sFranch ,in
having irregularl ytrigonous to pentagonous culms, many-fiowcred (ca 3.0) spikes, and short (1.8-2.0
rnm leng) perigynia C.arex noguehii is distinguished from thc latte rh,ewever, by the dark brown basal
lea fsheaths, wider and longe rleaves o,rbiculaT-ovoid peTigyni aa,nd achenes 1oosely enclosed by the pe-
rigynia, and micromorphologically by thc absencc of satellitc bodies.
Key"rords: achene micromorpbology, Carex biwensis C,arex noguchii, Cyperaceae ,new species
Section Rarae C. B. Clarke is one ofthe uni- the herbaria KYO, OSA, TI, and TUS werc exam-
spicate groups of Carex with a single terminal an- ined .A fie lsdurvey was carried out at Onum,a,
drogynous spike (Clar k1e894) .Sectio nRarae is Nasushiobara-shi, in June 2010. The leave sof
highly diversifi eidn eastern Asia and nine spe- each herbarium sheet weTe measured at the wid-
cies and twe varieties have been recognized in est part after boilin ga portion of the leaf fbr 1 h,
Japan (Ohw i1936 ,Shimizu 2005, Oda & Na- Cross sections ca. O,1 mm thick of the culm and
gamasu 2008, Katsuyama & Oda 2009). ]eaf were made by hand with a razer blade and
Mr, Tatsunari Noguchi, the vice chairman of stained with 19/ 6crystal violet aqueous solution
the Japanese Society of Cyperology ,found an un- fbr 10 s, then observed and illustrat eTdh,e pe-
usual sedge at Onuma, Nasushiobara-shi, Tochigi rigynia and enclosed achene were cleared with
Pre£, Honshu. The plant was sirnilar to CZirex bi- 5% NaOH aqueous solution fbr 10 min at 700C
)vensis Franch. in having smooth, irregular tlryig- and rinsed with water, then dehydrate dthrough
onous to pentagonous culms, spikes with many an ethanol series and observed in xylene by light
fiower s(ca 3,0) ,and distinct lneyrved perigynia microscopy. For achene micromorphologM the
1.8-2 mm long. It was distin cftrom C biwensis, achenes were remeved from the dissecte pderigy-
however, in having dark brown basal sheaths, re- nia and soaked for 6-1O h in an acetolyzing solu-
markably wide tt o4 mrn) and long tr o60 cm) tion (eoficen tsurlfauritce adcid : acetic anhydride
leaves a,nd orbicularLovoid perigynia loosely en- 1 : 9 v!v), then rinsed in acetic acid for IO min,
clesing the upper halfofthe achene. We propose and placed in a bath type ultrasonic cleaner fbr 30
these plants as a new species, Carex noguchii J. min with 70% ethanol to remove the cuticle and
Oda & Nagam. outer periclin awal]ls of the epidermis. Afier air
drying ,the achenes were sputter-coated with
Materials and Methods platinum using a JEOL JFC-1600 Auto Fine
Coater ,and examined using a JEOL JSM-6060
Herbarium specimens of Carex sect. Rarae in scanning electron rnicroscope.
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146 ActaPhytetax, Geobot. Vol.61
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FLG,1. Carex noguchii J, Oda&Nagam. A: habit at maturity in Junc. B: vcgctative shoot in ALLgust .C: culm (cro ssesction). D:
outer lea' bflade (cro ssesction at dottcd line a in Fig. [B) .E/ inner learblad (ecro ssesction at dotte dline b in Fig. IB), F:
spike. G; staminate scale. IT: pistilla tsceale. I: perigynium (adaxi vaielw). J: pcrigynium (abaxi vaielw). K: achene. L:
achcnc (cro sscsction). Scale bar = 5 cm fbrA &B, S mtll for F, 1 mm tbr C- E, & G-L.
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F．ebエuary 2011 ODA ＆NAGAMAsu − A New （；arex from Japan 147
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148 A c t a P hvtolax. Geobot, Vbl. 61
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distinc otn adaxial surface, indistin cont abaxial
Results and Discussien surface; glandular dots absent. Stigmas 3.
Achenes ovoid, trigonous ,upper half looscl yen-
CareN noguchii J. Oda & Nagam. sp. Rov. closed by perigynium ,light brown, dark brown at
Figs .1, 2A, 3A, & 4 maturity, 1,3-1.5 mm long; apex of silica bodies
Species nova aff}nis Carici biM,ensi ,sed vaginis basilari- of cpidermis truncatc, satellite bodics absent, an-
bus atro-brunneis, folii slatioribu slongieribusquc, utric- ticlina lwalls slightly undulate,
(nov.)
ulis orbicularibus ovoideis, acheniis corporibus siliceis uJdpanese name. shimotsuke-harisuge
si ne satellitibus di ffert. Distributio Jna.pan ,endemic: Honshu (rfochi-
n{pus .J Ode & T Nbguchi 4181 (holo K-YO; iso- giPref)(Fig,4)
KPM, KYO, OSA, TI,TUS)
llabitat .Carex noguchii i 's known only from a
flerbs , perennial , Rhizoines abbreviated, single moor at Onuma, Nasushiobara-shi, [Ibchi-
Culms central, fiiifor mi,rregular ltyrigonous to gi Prefi The moor is locate dat ca. 1000 m alt. on
pcntagonous, smooth, 25-40 cm long ,O.8-1 mm the northern slope ofthe Takahara-yama volcanic
in diam. Leaves on reproductive shoot to 5 cm group and is surrounded by temperate deciduous
long, 1 beforeflowering forestsA.ssociates C, Carexpar-
ca, mm wide, withered of noguchii arc
stem. Leaves on vegetative shQot growing after cijlora Boott, euercu scrispula Blume and Vi-
anthesis, to 60 cm long ,to 4 mm wide; outer burnum opuius L. var. eatvescens (Rehde DH.
leaves V-shaped in cross section; inner Ieaves tri- Hara.
quetrous ;basal sheaths dark brown. SPik seoli- Notes, The Japanese species of Carex sect.
tary, terrninal ,androgynous, narrowly ovoid, 1O- Rarae are gcnerall ydeciduous ,The reproductive
l6 mm !ong ,staminate portion 8-15-flowered, shoots grow rapidly in early April to early May,
pistill atpeortio n 15-23-flowere d,Staminate followe dby the vegetative shoots, which grow
scales elliptic, apex obtuse, rusty brown, cadu- gradually after anthesis Cusual flryom lat eApril
cous, 2.1-2, 5mm long .Stamens 3, Pistiliateto early May) and elongate to become as tal las
scales ovate, apex obtuse, rusty brown, cadu- the fruitin sgtems at maturity (usual flryom late
cous, 1,5-2 mm long .Pertgly'n oirabicular-ovoid, May to lat eJune, see illustratio nosf C. semilo;a-
1,8-2, Omm long ,l,3--1 .mm5 wide, nearly trun- lofbuet aT. Shimizu [Shimi z20u05] and C. kay-
cate, abruptly tapering to vcry short beak; nerves aensis J. Oda & Nagam, [Od a& Nagamasu
2008]), In Carex no.auchii, hov-ieve trh,e vegeta-
tive shoots grow after maturity of the fruiting
stems. As shown at maturity of the fruitin cgulm
in Fig .IA, the current year's vegetative shoots
are stil lfew and srnaH, witli the withered leaves
tt-
frorn the previous year" svcgctative shoots con-
tza.I. spicuous. At this stage, the leave sof current
year's vegetative shoots are, ifpresen tmu,ch nar-
rewer than those of thc previou sycar' svegetative
,l･. shoots (Tabl e1) .Aftcr dispcrsa olf the perigynia
and the collapse of the reproductive stems, the
A e -.t B vTehgeeta ltievaeves osfhtohoets v egoeft atCiv enog usehhoioits ggrrooww troa 6pi0d lcym.
F I G . 2an. dP cCr.i gbyinxi,urenn asn diAs :.e nOelrubseidcu lacahern-eoy oopfic dCrairgeyxni nuomgu cohfii C. lthoen gv eagnedta t4i vmem swhiodoets ( Fanid g I,tBh)e . Tvchrey l altae rggr eolwetahv oefs,
noguchii LooseLy enclosing achenc, even in upper halfV/ and the dark brown basal leaf sheaths are charac-
OdLi & Z Nbguchi 4i81 ,KYO). B: Ovoid perigyniurn of teristic of C. noguchii in the Japanese spccies of
Cl biwensis tightly enclosing achene in upper half(Ko- Ravae,
be-sh iI,Iyogo Pref, J,, Odo i550, KYO). Bar =: 1 mm, sect,
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February2011 ODA & NAGAMAsu-A New darexfremJapan 149
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msmpE' ･i,":ww;re.ilel::. ･x
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FiG. 3. Silie abodics on inncr pericLina wlatl of epidermis of achene, A: CZire xneguehii. ccntral body abruptLy truncatc and
lackin gsatellite bodie sQl Ocla & Z Abguchi 4181 ,KYO), B: Ctire bxivvens iapse,x ef central body rounded or truncatc,
with many satelljte bodies regularLy and serially artanged aleng anticlinal wall (Motegi-mach iTo.chigi Pref, T Noguchi
s. H., KYO). Bar - 20 ptm
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FIG. 4. Distributio nmap ot' Carex noguchii. Bar = 1OO km.
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CZirex C.biwensis in distincftromC. in
noguchii and are similar are also noguchii morphology.
the shape ofthe spike and in bearing many stami-
nate and pistillat feiowers T.he two species have We are grateful to Mr. Tatsunari Noguchi, Tbchigi Ptefi,
forprovidingexeellentinformattonandkindassistancein
the shortest perigynia (L7-2 .mm1 long) in sect.
field
Rarae. The shqpe ofthe perigynia h,owever, difi our su rvey.
fers between C. noguchii and C. biwensis C.]arex
References
noguchii has orbicular-ovoid perigynia ;C. biw-
has (FigsI.I,
ensis ovoid and narrower perigynia
H & 2 and Table 1, P' < O.05) A,s shown in Fig .2, Clarke, C. B. 1894. Cyperaceae. Ih: Heokeg J. D. (ed, F)l,,
pteher hacahlenfesoft hareep elroiogsyenl iyeuncm liesn eCd. n oegveunehi ii,n tbhuet uapr-e E g o rBAodrjviaat c ,.ITenn. dtVi La S 61t:a9 t59e89s7 .T-(7hW4e8i S.tehdig enths e( CLiZmiitr sL e.ox) fof tRhuess iFaor maendr
tightly enclosed in the upper half of the perigy- USSR). Missour iBotanical Garden Press, SL Louis.
nium in C. biwensis. Katsuyama, T. & J, Oda. 2009. Carex kqyaensi svar.
The achene micromorphology clearly differs yaku,s'himensi s(Cyperacea ea) ,new variety from
between Cbrex noguchii and C. biwensis T.he sil- Yakushima Island, Japan .J. Jap ,Bot. 84(3) :191-l93.
KUkenthal, G, 1909,Cyperaeeae Caricoideae,bi:Engler,
icabodies inner
on periclina lwails ofthe epider- H. G. A. (ed. P)f,ianzcnr. IV/, 20 (Hef t38): 1-824.
mal cells lack the satellite bodies in C. noguchii Liang ,S, ,L. Dai, Y. Tang & P. Li .2000. Flora Reipubli cae
(Fi g3.A), while ca. 20-25 satellite bodies are reg- Popularis Sinicae 12. Cyperaceae (2 )(.j nChinese)
ularly arranged in a series along the anticlinal Oda, J. & H. Nagamasu. 2008. two new species ef Carex
walls in C. biwensis (Fi g3.B). sect. Chpitellnt a(eCyperac efareo)m Japan ,Acta
Other taxa mentioned by some authors as be- O h wiP,hyJt.o1t9a3x6. ,GeCoybpoetr.a 5c9c(a1e)J :5a5p-o6n6i.cae I.Mern. Coll.Sci,
ing clese to or synonymous with Carex biwensis, Kyoto. Imper. Uniy. Ser .B, 11: 229-530.
C. rara Boott (KUkent h]a90l9, Liang et al. Shimizu ,T. 2005. threx sernilu]alof)"ueta, a new species
2000), C pseudbbiwensis Kitag. (Lian get ai. of Carex sect. Rarae (CapiteXi fartoam eJa)pan ,Acta
2000) C. Gorodk.(Egorov1a999), Phytotax. Geobot. 56(1) :33-39.
and .lankowskii
Received October 25, 20JO; accqptedDecember 3, 2010
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