Table Of ContentCarbon, Nitrogen
and Phosphorus
Cycling in
Forest Soils
Edited by
Robert G. Qualls
Printed Edition of the Special Issue Published in Forests
www.mdpi.com/journal/forests
Carbon, Nitrogen and Phosphorus
Cycling in Forest Soils
Carbon, Nitrogen and Phosphorus
Cycling in Forest Soils
SpecialIssueEditor
RobertG.Qualls
MDPI•Basel•Beijing•Wuhan•Barcelona•Belgrade
SpecialIssueEditor
RobertG.Qualls
UniversityofNevada
USA
EditorialOffice
MDPI
St.Alban-Anlage66
4052Basel,Switzerland
ThisisareprintofarticlesfromtheSpecialIssuepublishedonlineintheopenaccessjournalForests
(ISSN1999-4907)from2017to2018(availableat: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/forests/special
issues/CNPsoil)
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Contents
AbouttheSpecialIssueEditor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii
Prefaceto”Carbon,NitrogenandPhosphorusCyclinginForestSoils” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix
AnnE.Russell,StephanieN.KivlinandChristineV.Hawkes
Tropical Tree Species Effects on Soil pH and Biotic Factors and the Consequences for
MacroaggregateDynamics
Reprintedfrom:Forests2018,9,184,doi:10.3390/f9040184. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
ZhanXiaoyun,GuoMinghangandZhangTibin
Joint Control of Net Primary Productivity by Climate and Soil Nitrogen in the Forests of
EasternChina
Reprintedfrom:Forests2018,9,322,doi:10.3390/f9060322. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Zachary W. Carter, Benjamin W. Sullivan, Robert G. Qualls, Robert R. Blank,
Casey A. Schmidt and Paul S.J. Verburg
Charcoal Increases Microbial Activity in Eastern Sierra Nevada Forest Soils
Reprintedfrom:Forests2018,9,93,doi:10.3390/f9020093 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
EwaBłon´skaandJarosławLasota
Soil Organic Matter Accumulation and Carbon Fractions along a Moisture Gradient of
ForestSoils
Reprintedfrom:Forests2017,8,448,doi:10.3390/f8110448. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
DanielH.Howard,JohnT.VanStan,AnsleyWhitetree,LixinZhuandAronStubbins
InterstormVariabilityintheBiolabilityofTree-DerivedDissolvedOrganicMatter(Tree-DOM)
inThroughfallandStemflow
Reprintedfrom:Forests2018,9,236,doi:10.3390/f9050236. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
BharatM.Shrestha,ScottX.Chang,EdwardW.BorkandCameronN.Carlyle
Enrichment Planting and Soil Amendments Enhance Carbon Sequestration and Reduce
GreenhouseGasEmissionsinAgroforestrySystems:AReview
Reprintedfrom:Forests2018,9,369,doi:10.3390/f9060369. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
AngangMing,YujingYang,ShirongLiu,HuiWang,YuanfaLi,HuaLi,YouNong,Daoxiong
Cai,HongyanJia,YiTaoandDongjingSun
EffectsofNearNaturalForestManagementonSoilGreenhouseGasFluxinPinusmassoniana
(Lamb.)andCunninghamialanceolata(Lamb.)Hook.Plantations
Reprintedfrom:Forests2018,9,229,doi:10.3390/f9050229. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
TomohiroYokobe,FujioHyodoandNaokoTokuchi
Seasonal Effects on Microbial Community Structure and Nitrogen Dynamics in Temperate
ForestSoil
Reprintedfrom:Forests2018,9,153,doi:10.3390/f9030153. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Antonietta Fioretto, Michele Innangi, Anna De Marco, Cristina Menta, Stefania Papa,
AntonellaPellegrinoandAmaliaVirzoDeSanto
Discriminating betweenSeasonal andChemical Variation inExtracellular Enzyme Activities
withinTwoItalianBeechForestsbyMeansofMultilevelModels
Reprintedfrom:Forests2018,9,219,doi:10.3390/f9040219. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
v
QingshuiRen,HongSong,ZhongxunYuan,XiluNiandChangxiaoLi
Changes in Soil Enzyme Activities and Microbial Biomass after Revegetation in the Three
GorgesReservoir,China
Reprintedfrom:Forests2018,9,249,doi:10.3390/f9050249. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
FanpengZeng,XinChen,BinHuangandGuangyuChi
Distribution Changes of Phosphorus in Soil–Plant Systems of Larch Plantations across
theChronosequence
Reprintedfrom:Forests2018,9,563,doi:10.3390/f9090563. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
Li Zhang, Ao Wang, Fuzhong Wu, Zhenfeng Xu, Bo Tan, Yang Liu, Yulian Yang,
Lianghua Chen and Wanqin Yang
Soil Nitrogen Responses to Soil Core Transplanting Along an Altitudinal Gradient in an Eastern
Tibetan Forest
Reprintedfrom:Forests2018,9,239,doi:10.3390/f9050239. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
Yo-Jin Shiau, Chung-Wen Pai, Jeng-Wei Tsai, Wen-Cheng Liu, Rita S. W. Yam,
Shih-Chieh Chang, Sen-Lin Tang and Chih-Yu Chiu
Characterization of Phosphorus in a Toposequence of Subtropical Perhumid Forest Soils Facing
a Subalpine Lake
Reprintedfrom:Forests2018,9,294,doi:10.3390/f9060294. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
ShushengYuan,TongtongTang,MinchaoWang,HaoChen,AihuaZhangandJinghuaYu
RegionalScaleDeterminantsofNutrientContentofSoilinaCold-TemperateForest
Reprintedfrom:Forests2018,9,177,doi:10.3390/f9040177. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
XiaofengZheng,JieYuan,TongZhang,FanHao,ShibuJoseandShuoxinZhang
SoilDegradationandtheDeclineofAvailableNitrogenandPhosphorusinSoilsoftheMain
ForestTypesintheQinlingMountainsofChina
Reprintedfrom:Forests2017,8,460,doi:10.3390/f8110460. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
Natasha M. I. Godoi, Sabrina N. dos S. Ara ´ujoS, alatie´r Buzetti, Rodolfo de N. Gazola,
Thiago de S. Celestrino, Alexandre C. da Silva, Thiago A. R. Nogueira and
Marcelo C. M. Teixeira Filho
Soil Chemical Attributes, Biometric Characteristics, and Concentrations of N and P in Leaves
and Litter Affected by Fertilization and the Number of Sprouts per the Eucalyptus L’He´r. Strain
in the Brazilian Cerrado
Reprintedfrom:Forests2018,9,290,doi:10.3390/f9060290. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
vi
About the Special Issue Editor
RobertG.QuallsisProfessorEmeritusattheDepartmentofNaturalResourcesandEnvironmental
ScienceattheUniversityofNevada,USA.HereceivedaB.Sc. inBiology,withHonorsinBiology
and Honors in Creative Writing at the University of North Carolina. He received an M.S.P.H. in
Environmental Science and Engineering from the University of North Carolina and a Ph.D. in
Ecology from the University of Georgia, doing research at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory.
He was later an Assistant Research Professor at Duke University, working on biogeochemical
cyclesintheEvergladesofFlorida. HehastaughtcoursesinMicrobialEcology, WetlandEcology
and Management, Forest and Range Soils, Soil Genesis and Classification, Natural Resource
Ecology,Biodiversity,ConservationandHumans,andEcologyofFlowingWaters.Aftersomeearly
research work in ultraviolet light disinfection of bacteria and viruses, and kinetics of reactions of
oxidizing chlorine with humic substances, his research work has centered on biogeochemistry of
forests,wetlandsandstreams.Thisworkhasincludeddissolvedorganicmatterdynamics,primary
succession and soil organic matter formation, root production during succession, formation and
decompositionofhumicsubstances, proteincontentindissolvedorganicmatter, bioavailabilityof
NandPinriversandlakes,andecophysiologyofinvasiveplants.Dr.QuallshasalsobeenaVisiting
ProfessoratYokohamaNationalUniversityinJapan.Hereceivedthe“PioneerofDisinfectionAward”
from the International Water Association and the Water Environment Association. He currently
servesasEditorforthejournalForests.Outsidetheacademicarena,hewasalsoamemberoftheUSA
teamattheWorldMastersTrackandFieldChampionshipin2010and2016inthe5000m,1000m
runsandthe4x800mrelay.
vii
Preface to ”Carbon, Nitrogen and Phosphorus Cycling
in Forest Soils”
Themajorityofcarbonstoredinthesoilsoftheworldisstoredinforests.Therefractorynatureof
someportionsofforestsoilorganicmatteralsoprovidestheslow,gradualreleaseoforganicnitrogen
andphosphorustosustainlongtermforestproductivity. Contemporaryandfuturedisturbances,
suchasclimaticwarming, deforestation, shortrotationsylviculture, theinvasionofexoticspecies,
andfire,allplacestrainsontheintegrityofthishomeostaticsystemofC,N,andPcycling. Onthe
otherhand,theCO2 fertilizationeffectmaypartiallyoffsetlossesofsoilorganicmatter,butmany
havequestionedtheabilityofNandPstockstosustaintheCO2fertilizationeffect.
Despite many advances in the understanding of C, N, and P cycling in forest soils, many
questions remain. For example, no complete inventory of the myriad structural formulae of soil
organicNandPhaseverbeenmade. Thefactorsthatcausetheresistanceofsoilorganicmatter
tomineralizationarestillhotlydebated.Isitpossibleto“engineer”forestsoilorganicmattersothat
itsequestersevenmoreC?TheroleofmicrobialspeciesdiversityinforestC,N,andPcyclingis
poorlyunderstood. ThedifficultyinmeasuringthecontributionofrootstosoilorganicC,N,andP
makesitscontributionuncertain. Finally,globaldifferencesinclimate,soils,andspeciesmakethe
extrapolationofanyoneimportantstudydifficulttoextrapolatetoforestsoilsworldwide.
Intheemergingliterature,topicsofspecialcurrentinterestinthestudyofforestsoilC,N,andP
cyclingincludesubjectssuchas:
• forestsoilCstocksandclimatechange,
• abilityofsoilNandPmineralizationtosustainincreasedproductivityduetoCO2fertilization,
• causesofrecalcitranceinsoilorganicmattermineralization,
• contributionofrootstosoilCandN,
• methaneproductionandoxidationinforestsoils,
• soilC,N,andPduringforestsuccession,
• effectsofinvasivespecies,forestmanagementpractices,orfireonC,N,andPcycling,
• theeffectofbiochar(charcoal)inforestsoils
• rolesofmicrobesandsoilfaunaonC,N,andPcycling,e.g.mycorrhizalfungi
• stableisotopestudiesofCandNcycling,
• newmethodsforthestudyofC,N,andPcycling.
The16papersinthisbookcoverageographicallydiverserangeofforestecosystemsonfour
continents. The studies also cover a range of forest types: tropical rainforest, tropical savannah,
subtropical mixed deciduous and needleleaf forest, temperate broadleaf and needleleaf forests,
subalpineandalpineneedleleafforests, borealneedleleafforest, aswellastropicalandtemperate
forest plantations. The chapters are arranged by subject in the following order, those concerned
largelywithcarboncycling(includingnetprimaryproductivity,soilorganicmatter,andgreenhouse
gasses),microbialecology(communitycompositionandenzymeactivity),andNorPcycling.
RobertG.Qualls
SpecialIssueEditor
ix
