Table Of ContentCARBON NANOTUBES
Elsevier Journals of Related Interest
Applied Superconductivity
Carbon
Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids
Nanostructured Materials
Polyhedron
Solid State Communications
Tetrahedron
Tetrahedron Letters
CARBON NANOTUBES
Edited by
MORINUBO END0
Shinshu University, Japan
SUM10 IIJIMA
NEC, Japan
MILDRED S. DRESSELHAUS
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA
PERGAMON
U.K. Elsevier Science Ltd, The Boulevard, Langford Lane,
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JAPAN Elsevier Science Japan, Tsunashima Building Annex,
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Copyright 0 1996 Elsevier Science Limited
All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be
reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any
form or by any means, electronic, electrostatic, magnetic tape,
mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without
permission in writing from the publisher
First edition 1996
Library of Congress Cataloging in Pulication Data
A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available in the British
Library
ISBN 008 0426824
Reprinted from:
Carbon, Vol. 33, Nos 1, 2, 7, 12
Printed and bound in Great Britain by BPC Wheatons Ltd, Exeter
CONTENTS
M. ENDO, S. IIJIMA and M. S. DRESSELHAUS: Editorial , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii
M. S. DRESSELHAUS: Preface: Carbon nanotubes . . . . , . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix
M. ENDO, K. TAKEUCHI, K. KOBORI, K. TAKAHASHI, H. W. KROTO and
A. SARKAR: Pyrolytic carbon nanotubes from vapor-grown carbon fibers.. . . . . . . 1
D. T. COLBERT and R. E. SMALLEY: Electric effects in nanotube growth.. . . . . . . 11
*.
V. IVANOY, A. FONSECA, J. B. NAGY, A. LUCAS, P. LAMBIN, D. BERNAERTS and
X. B. ZHANG: Catalytic production and purification of nanotubes having fullerene-
scale diameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
M. S. DRESSELHAUS, G. DRESSELHAUS and R. SAITO: Physics of carbon nanotubes 27
J. W. MINTMIRE and C. T. WHITE: Electronic and structural properties of carbon
nanotubes .................................................................. 37
C.-H. KIANG, W. A. GODDARD 111, R. BEYERS and D. S. BETHUNE: Carbon
nanotubes with single-layer walls . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
R. SETTON: Carbon nanotubes: I. Geometrical considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
K. SATTLER: Scanning tunneling microscopy of carbon nanotubes and nanocones . . . . . 65
T. W. EBBESEN and T. TAKADA: Topological and SP3 defect structures in nanotubes 71
S. IHARA and S. ITOH: Helically coiled and torodial cage forms of graphitic carbon . . 77
A. FONSECA, K. HERNADI, J. B. NAGY, P. H. LAMBIN and A. A. LUCAS: Model
structure of perfectly graphitizable coiled carbon nanotubes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
A. SARKAR, H. W. KROTO and M. ENDO: Hemi-toroidal networks in pyrolytic carbon
nanotubes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
X. K. WANG, X. W. LIN, S. N. SONG, V. P. DRAVID, J. B. KETTERSON and
R. P. H. CHANG: Properties of buckytubes and derivatives.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
J.-P. ISSI, L. LANGER, J. HEREMANS and C. H. OLK: Electronic properties of carbon
nanotubes: Experimental results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . 121
P. C. EKLUND, J. M. HOLDEN and R. A. JISHI: Vibrational modes of carbon nanotubes:
Spectroscopy and theory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
R. S. RUOFF and D. C. KORENTS: Mechanical and thermal properties of carbon
nanotubes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
J. IF. DESPRES, E. DAGUERRE and K. LAFDI: Flexibility of graphene layers in carbon
nanotubes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.49
V
Y . SAITO: Nanoparticles and filled nanocapsules ................................... 153
D . UGARTE: Onion-like graphitic particles ........................................ 163
U. ZIMMERMAN. N . MALINOWSKI. A . BURKHARDT and T . P. MARTIN: Metal-
coated fullerenes ............................................................ 169
Subject Index ................................................................... 181
...................................................................
Author Index 183
vi
EDITORIAL
Carbon nanotubes have been studied extensively in allotropes. Readers can then understand the fasci-
relation to fullerenes, and together with fullerenes nation of graphene sheets when they are rolled into
have opened a new science and technology field on a nanometer size tubular form from a flat network
nano scale materials. This book aims to cover recent corresponding to conventional graphite. This book
research and development in this area, and so provide also contains complementary reviews on carbon
a convenient reference tool for all researchers in this nanoparticles such as carbon nano-capsules, onion-
field. It is a.lso hoped that this book can serve to like graphite particles and metal-coated fullerenes.
stimulate future work on carbon nanotubes.
We hope this book will contribute to the dissemina-
Carbon nanotubes have the same range of diameters tion of present understanding of the subject and to
as fullerenes, and are expected to show various kinds future developments in the science and technology of
of size effects in their structures and properties. carbon nanotubes and fullerenes, and of carbon
Carbon nanotubes are one-dimensional materials and science more generally.
fullerenes are zero-dimensional, which brings differ-
ent effects to bear on their structures as well as on The editors thank all authors who contributed so
their properties. A whole range of issues from the many excellent papers covering all aspects of carbon
preparation, structure, properties and observation of nanotubes and the related fields. We are indebted to
quantum effects in carbon nanotubes in comparison the Editor-in-Chief of Carbon, Professor Peter A.
with 0-Dfu llerenes are discussed in this book. Thrower, for his suggestion and kind efforts, and also
to Dr V. Kiruvanayagam for her kind cooperation
In order to review the wide research area of carbon related to this book.
nanotubes this book focuses on recent intensive Morinobu Endo
work published in Carbon. The papers are written Sumio Iijima
from the viewpoint that carbon nanotubes, as well Mildred S. Dresselhaus
as fullerenes, are the most interesting new carbon Editors
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