Table Of ContentADVANCES IN NANOSTRUCTURED
COMPOSITES
Volume 1: Carbon Nanotube and
Graphene Composites
Editor
Mahmood Aliofkhazraei
Department of Materials Engineering
Tarbiat Modares University
Tehran, Iran
p,
p,
A SCIENCE PUBLISHERS BOOK
A SCIENCE PUBLISHERS BOOK
Cover credit: Tyler Boyes/Shutterstock.com
CRC Press
Taylor & Francis Group
6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300
Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742
© 2019 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business
No claim to original U.S. Government works
Printed on acid-free paper
Version Date: 20180731
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4822-3663-7 (Hardback)
Th is book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable eff orts have been
made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the
validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. Th e authors and publishers have attempted to trace the
copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to
publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let
us know so we may rectify in any future reprint.
Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted,
or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, includ-
ing photocopying, microfi lming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written
permission from the publishers.
For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www.copyright.com
(http://www.copyright.com/) or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers,
MA 01923, 978-750-8400. CCC is a not-for-profi t organization that provides licenses and registration for a variety
of users. For organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment
has been arranged.
Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for
identifi cation and explanation without intent to infringe.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Aliofkhazraei, Mahmood, editor.
Title: Carbon nanotube and graphene composites / editor Mahmood
Aliofkhazraei, Department of Materials Engineering, Tarbiat Modares
University, Tehran, Iran.
Description: Boca ERaton, FL : CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, 2018. |
Series: A science publishers book | Series: Advances in nanostructured
composites ; volume 1 | Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2018032343 | ISBN 9781482236637 (hardback)
Subjects: LCSH: Nanocomposites (Materials) | Carbon nanotubes. | Graphene.
Classification: LCC TA418.9.C6 C3228 2018 | DDC 620.1/18--dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018032343
Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at
http://www.taylorandfrancis.com
and the CRC Press Web site at
http://www.crcpress.com
Preface
Composites and nanocomposites are used in cases where long durability and strength of components
are required, i.e., where high stress levels, erosion processes and multiphase environments are
present, including the parts under collision and impact, the parts under rotating motion and erosion
(like excavation drills in oil and gas wells). The first volume of this book aims to provide a guide for
fabrication of new nanocomposites mainly based on carbon nanotubes and graphene. The main topics of
this volume are: Application of Nano-powders for Formation of Metal Matrix of Composites, Conjugated
Polymer Nanocomposites, Biopolymer Nanocomposites, Dental Nanocomposites, Graphene-based
Nanocomposites for Electrochemical Energy Storage, Polymer/Filler Composites for Optical Diffuse
Reflectors, Synthesis and Applications of LDH-Based Nanocomposites, Rubber—CNT Nanocomposites,
Nanocomposite Fibers with Carbon Nanotubes, Fabrications of Graphene Based Nanocomposites
for Electrochemical Sensing of Drug Molecules, Recent Advances in Graphene Metal Oxide Based
Nanocomposites.
Editor
Contents
Preface iii
SECTION I: INTRODUCTION TO NANOCOMPOSITES FABRICATION
1. Application of Nano-powders for Formation of Metal Matrix of Composites 3
Vladimir A. Popov
2. Nanocomposites: Recent Trends, Developments and Applications 16
Ravindra Pratap Singh
3. Conjugated Polymer Nanocomposites 48
Pradip Kar
4. Biopolymer Nanocomposites—From Basic Concepts to Nanotechnologies 97
Magdalena Aflori
5. Dental Nanocomposites 114
Eric Habib, Ruili Wang and Julian Zhu
6. Graphene-based Nanocomposites for Electrochemical Energy Storage 134
Chunwen Sun
7. Non-Conventional Techniques for Characterization of Nanohybrid Materials 151
Based on Clays
Denis T. Araújo, Breno F. Ferreira, Tiago H. da Silva, Maisa A. Moreira, Katia J. Ciuffi,
Eduardo J. Nassar, Vicente Rives, Miguel A. Vicente, Raquel Trujillano, Antonio Gil,
Sophia Korili and Emerson H. de Faria
8. Nanostructured Composite Materials for CO Activation 174
2
Anurag Kumar, Pawan Kumar and Suman L. Jain
9. Polymer/Filler Composites for Optical Diffuse Reflectors 201
Yue Shao and Frank Shi
10. Synthesis and Applications of LDH-Based Nanocomposites 217
Alireza Khataee and Samira Arefi-Oskoui
11. Magnetic Anisotropy of Nanocomposites Made of Magnetic Nanoparticles 245
Dispersed in Solid Matrices
Costica Caizer
12. Biopolymer Layered Silicate Nanocomposites: Effect on Cloisite 10 A on Thermal, 277
Mechanical and Optical Properties
Okan Akin, Hale Oguzlu, Onur Ozcalik and Funda Tihminlioglu
vi Advances in Nanostructured Composites
SECTION II: CNT AND GRAPHENE NANOCOMPOSITES
13. Rubber—CNT Nanocomposites 295
M. Balasubramanian and P. Jawahar
14. Nanocomposite Fibers with Carbon Nanotubes, Silver, and Polyaniline 315
Nuray Ucar and Nuray Kizildag
15. Processing and Mechanical Properties of Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Metal 335
Matrix Composites
Abdollah Hajalilou, Ebrahim Abouzari-lotf, Katayoon Kalantari, Hossein Lavvafi
and Amalina Binti Muhammad Afifi
16. Fabrications of Graphene Based Nanocomposites for Electrochemical Sensing of Drug 360
Molecules
Tien Song Hiep Pham, Peter J. Mohan and Aimin Yu
17. Towards CNTs; Functionalization and Their Sensing Applications 385
Nada F. Atta, Hagar K. Hassan and Ahmed Galal
18. CNT-Based Bio-Nanocomposite as Electrochemical Sensors 405
S.K. Suja and G. Jayanthi Kalaivani
19. Polypropylene Nanocomposites Containing Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes 424
and Graphene Oxide by Ziegler-Natta Catalysis
Jin-Yong Dong and Yawei Qin
20. Recent Advances in Graphene Metal Oxide Based Nanocomposite for Energy 442
Harvesting/Thermoelectric Application
Abhijit Dey
21. Synthesis and Properties of Carbon Nanotube/Alumina Nanocomposites 482
Soumya Sarkar and Probal Kumar Das
Index 501
Section I
Introduction to Nanocomposites
Fabrication
1
Application of Nano-powders
for Formation of Metal Matrix of
Composites
Vladimir A. Popov
Introduction
Metal matrix composites have improved service characteristics, i.e., reduced thermal-expansion
coefficient, improved wear resistance or lubrication characteristics, improved material properties,
particularly stiffness and strength, either providing increased component durability or permitting more
extreme service conditions, while an aluminum matrix has the highest possible strength-to-weight ratio
which is impossible to obtain in regular metals or alloys. This is the subject of great interest in metal
matrix composites development including composites with aluminum matrix (Sijo and Jayadevan 2016,
Rajan et al. 2010, Mazahery and Ostad Shabani 2012, Carreño-Gallardo et al. 2014, Manigandan et al.
2012, Kollo et al. 2010, Aigbodion and Hassan 2007, Eslamian et al. 2008, Ureña et al. 2007, Kollo et al.
2011, Kalkanlı and Yılmaz 2008, Tham et al. 2001). For this particular reason, the concern regarding this
class of materials has recently increased, especially on the part of the manufacturers in automotive and
electronics technologies. However, existing methods of manufacturing metal matrix composites do not
allow the effective obtaining of a material with reinforcements less than 1 micron by size. On the other
hand, there is already a demand in materials with nano-size reinforcements in the industry (Kollo et al.
2011). The basic problems of such methods are poor wettability (sometimes full absence of wettability)
between matrix material melt and reinforcements for casting methods of obtaining ММС or inadequate
strength due to loose cohesion on the matrix-reinforcing particles interface of components for powder
metallurgy methods of obtaining ММС.
There might be various solutions to this problem. This paper offers a method to improve binding
strength between the matrix and reinforcing particles, based on the use of nanomaterials for matrix
forming.
National University of Science and Technology “MISIS”, Department of Physical Metallurgy, Leninsky prospect, 4, 119049
Moscow, Russia.
Email: [email protected]
