CARBON NANOMATERIAL ELECTRONICS : devices and applications.

446 Pages·2021·21.721 MB·English

Advances in Sustainability Science and Technology
Arnab Hazra
Rupam Goswami   Editors
Carbon
Nanomaterial
Electronics:
Devices and
Applications
Advances in Sustainability Science
and Technology
SeriesEditors
RobertJ.Howlett,BournemouthUniv.&KESInternational,
Shoreham-by-sea,UK
JohnLittlewood,SchoolofArt&Design,CardiffMetropolitanUniversity,
Cardiff,UK
LakhmiC.Jain,UniversityofTechnologySydney,Broadway,NSW,Australia
The book series aims at bringing together valuable and novel scientific contribu-
tions that address the critical issues of renewable energy, sustainable building,
sustainable manufacturing, and other sustainability science and technology topics
that have an impact in this diverse and fast-changing research community in
academiaandindustry.
Theareastobecoveredare
(cid:129)
Climatechangeandmitigation,atmosphericcarbonreduction,globalwarming
(cid:129)
Sustainabilityscience,sustainabilitytechnologies
(cid:129)
Sustainablebuildingtechnologies
(cid:129)
Intelligentbuildings
(cid:129)
Sustainableenergygeneration
(cid:129)
Combinedheatandpoweranddistrictheatingsystems
(cid:129)
Controlandoptimizationofrenewableenergysystems
(cid:129)
Smartgridsandmicrogrids,localenergymarkets
(cid:129)
Smartcities,smartbuildings,smartdistricts,smartcountryside
(cid:129)
Energyandenvironmentalassessmentinbuildingsandcities
(cid:129)
Sustainabledesign,innovationandservices
(cid:129)
Sustainablemanufacturingprocessesandtechnology
(cid:129)
Sustainablemanufacturingsystemsandenterprises
(cid:129)
Decisionsupportforsustainability
(cid:129)
Micro/nanomachining,microelectromechanicalmachines(MEMS)
(cid:129)
Sustainabletransport,smartvehiclesandsmartroads
(cid:129)
Informationtechnologyandartificialintelligenceappliedtosustainability
(cid:129)
Bigdataanddataanalyticsappliedtosustainability
(cid:129)
Sustainablefoodproduction,sustainablehorticultureandagriculture
(cid:129)
Sustainabilityofair,waterandothernaturalresources
(cid:129)
Sustainability policy, shaping the future, the triple bottom line, the circular
economy
Highqualitycontentisanessentialfeatureforallbookproposalsacceptedforthe
series. It is expected that editors of all accepted volumes will ensure that
contributionsaresubjectedtoanappropriatelevelofreviewingprocessandadhere
toKESqualityprinciples.
Theserieswillincludemonographs,editedvolumes,andselectedproceedings.
Moreinformationaboutthisseriesathttp://www.springer.com/series/16477
·
Arnab Hazra Rupam Goswami
Editors
Carbon Nanomaterial
Electronics: Devices
and Applications
Editors
ArnabHazra RupamGoswami
DepartmentofElectrical DepartmentofElectronics
andElectronicsEngineering andCommunicationEngineering
BirlaInstituteofTechnology SchoolofEngineering
andScience TezpurUniversity
Pilani,Rajasthan,India Napaam,Assam,India
ISSN2662-6829 ISSN2662-6837 (electronic)
AdvancesinSustainabilityScienceandTechnology
ISBN978-981-16-1051-6 ISBN978-981-16-1052-3 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1052-3
©TheEditor(s)(ifapplicable)andTheAuthor(s),underexclusivelicensetoSpringerNature
SingaporePteLtd.2021
Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsaresolelyandexclusivelylicensedbythePublisher,whether
thewholeorpartofthematerialisconcerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuse
ofillustrations,recitation,broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway,and
transmissionorinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilar
ordissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped.
Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc.inthispublication
doesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevant
protectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse.
Thepublisher,theauthorsandtheeditorsaresafetoassumethattheadviceandinformationinthisbook
arebelievedtobetrueandaccurateatthedateofpublication.Neitherthepublishernortheauthorsor
theeditorsgiveawarranty,expressedorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinorforany
errorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade.Thepublisherremainsneutralwithregardtojurisdictional
claimsinpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations.
ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerNatureSingaporePteLtd.
The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721,
Singapore
Foreword
Thepleasureandcomfortoflivinginatechnologicallyadvancedworldisowedto
theresearchbehindit.Inaneraofsustainabletechnology,carbonnanomaterialshold
akeypositionundertheumbrellaofelectronicsandapplications.Carbonnanoma-
terialswithuniquepropertiesandinvariousformsoffersomeofthebestsolutions
forapplicationsinelectronicdevices.Rightfromsensorstopossiblealternativesto
silicon,carbonnanomaterialshavecomealongwayintomodernity,gettingmatured
asaresearchformasitmovedthrougheverystepofthechronologicalclock.
I believe that an area of research forms a trinity with two other footprints—
knowledgenetworkandcommercialization.Theinterdependenceamongthetroika
hastheperfectpotentialtosteertheresearchzoneintoefficientimplementationand
extensionintootheralliedareas.Hence,thethroughputofexpertiseintotheliterature
isimportantfromtimetotimeinordertocauseaprogressinthearea.Compilation
of a monograph on carbon nanomaterials is to be applauded because apart from
bringingresearchersworkingonsimilarareastogethertoshowcasetheirexpertise,
itcanserveasamotivationalreferenceaswellforyoungscholars.
This monograph has been propelled by a Symposium on Carbon Nanomaterial
Electronicsheldin2019,atBirlaInstituteofTechnologyandScience,Pilani(BITS
Pilani),India,andIamimmenselypleasedwithhowaneventoflike-mindedintel-
lectualshasgivenrisetoadelightfuloutcomelikethis.Inthecontemporaryeraof
carbonnanomaterialsandtheirapplicationsinelectronics,Ibelievethatthiserudite
volumeshallgoalongwayininspiringandenrichingyoungmindsinthisareaof
studyandwork.
SouvikBhattacharyya
ViceChancellor
BirlaInstituteofTechnologyandScience
Pilani,India
v
Preface
Carbonnanomaterialshavealignedthemselvesasoneofthemostdemandingareas
of interest in nanoscience and nanotechnology since the beginning of the twenty-
first century. In the past twenty years, there have been tectonic shifts in synthesis,
characterization,andapplicationsofthisclassofnanomaterials.Excellentproperties
coupledwiththeirabilitytogetmodifiedorconjugatedhaveenrichedtheirscopeof
applicationsrangingfromsensors,wastemanagement,optoelectronics,drugscience,
energy, and transistors. Graphene, fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, and other various
nanostructures of carbon have been popularly explored to commercialize them in
diversedomainsinelectronicsandincreasethebenchmarksoftheirutilityinthisera
ofsustainabledevelopmentandintelligentmaterials.
This book aims to bring together a thematic collection of technical treatise on
carbonnanomaterialelectronics,withemphasisonsynthesis,characterization,and
applications.Thechaptersofthebookhave,therefore,beendividedintothreemajor
thematicareas,i.e.,(i)synthesisandcharacterizationsofcarbonnanomaterialsand
nanocomposites, (ii)theoretical and computational studyof carbon nanomaterials,
and(iii)devicesandapplicationsofcarbonnanomaterialswiththeaimofproviding
the overview and advancement in the domain of carbon nanomaterial electronics.
Categorically divided into three sections, a total of sixteen chapters is expected to
orient the reader towards getting an overall idea of the scope and contemporary
ideasonthesubject.Ontheotherhand,fromtheperspectivesofathematiccommu-
nityofresearchers,thiscompilationattemptstoofferthedevelopmentstocarrythe
motivationforwardtocontributeonalargerscale.
The motivation behind the idea of a thematic concept of the book, however,
stems from the successful outcome resulting out of a gathering of researchers and
scholars at the Symposium on Carbon Nanomaterial Electronics which was held
during November 8–9, 2019, at Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani,
Rajasthan,India.Theevent,oneofthefirstofitskindinIndiaoncarbonnanoma-
terials,sawtheexchangeofideasandinnovationamongtheparticipantsbelonging
to similar areas of interest. The event was hosted under the Scheme for Promo-
tionofAcademicandResearchCollaboration(SPARC),aninitiativeofMinistryof
HigherEducation,GovernmentofIndia,incollaborationwithTelAvivUniversity,
vii
viii Preface
Israel.Thesuccessoftheeventshowedtheneedforinitiativestobuildaknowledge
networkoncarbonnanomaterials,whichcanservetostrengthenthedevelopmentof
the‘carbon’community.
Pilani,India ArnabHazra
Napaam,India RupamGoswami
Contents
Introduction ...................................................... 1
ArnabHazra,YossiRosenwaks,andRupamGoswami
SynthesisandCharacterizations
SynthesisofCarbonAllotropesinNanoscaleRegime ................. 9
AbhyavartinSelvam, RahulSharma, SoumyadityaSutradhar,
andSandipChakrabarti
Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM) Imaging of Carbon
Nanotropes:C ,CNTandGraphene ............................... 47
60
SubhashisGangopadhyayandSushil
Carbon:APhantomforNanocomposite-DrivenApplications .......... 77
SakarayMadhuri,ChiduralaShilpaChakra,ThidaRakeshKumar,
KondaShireesha,SaiKumarPavar,andVelpulaDivya
Carbon-BasedNanocomposites:Processing,ElectronicProperties
andApplications .................................................. 97
ManabMallikandMainakSaha
Tuning of SPR and Structural Properties of Cu-Fullerene
Nanocomposite .................................................... 123
RahulSinghal, JyotsnaBhardwaj, AmenaSalim, RituVishnoi,
andGaneshD.Sharma
TheoreticalandComputationalStudy
Theoretical and Computational Investigations of Carbon
Nanostructures .................................................... 139
BasantRoondhe,VaishaliSharma,andSumitSaxena
Edge State Induced Spintronic Properties of Graphene
Nanoribbons:ATheoreticalPerspective ............................. 165
SoumyaRanjanDasandSudiptaDutta
ix
x Contents
CarbonNanotubeField-EffectTransistors(CNFETs):Structure,
Fabrication,Modeling,andPerformance ............................ 199
NavneetGuptaandAnkitaDixit
Carbon Nanomaterials for Emerging Electronic Devices
andSensors ....................................................... 215
VenkataraoSelamneni,NaveenBokka,VivekAdepu,andParikshitSahatiya
DevicesandApplications
Applications of Carbon-Based Nanomaterials in Health
andEnvironment:Biosensors,MedicineandWaterTreatment ......... 261
VelpulaDivya, SaiKumarPavar, ChiduralaShilpaChakra,
ThidaRakeshKumar,KondaShireesha,andSakarayMadhuri
LargeAreaGrapheneandTheirUseasFlexibleTouchscreens ......... 285
SurenderP.Gaur,SkRiyajuddin,SushilKumar,andKaushikGhosh
Carbon Nanotube Alignment Techniques and Their Sensing
Applications ...................................................... 307
PankajB.Agarwal,Sk.MasiulIslam,RaviAgarwal,NitinKumar,
andAvshishKumar
ReducedGrapheneOxidePhotodetectorDevicesforInfra-Red
Sensing ........................................................... 349
VinayakKamble,SoumyaBiswas,V.R.Appu,andArunKumar
CharacteristicResponseTransitionofReducedGrapheneOxide
asHydrogenGasSensor-TheEffectofTemperatureandDoping
Concentration ..................................................... 371
AnuradhaKashyap, ShikhaSinha, SekharBhattacharya,
ParthaBirBarman,SurajitKumarHazra,andSukumarBasu
Carbon-BasedElectrodesforPerovskitePhotovoltaics ................ 387
ArunKumar,NabaKumarRana,andDhritiSundarGhosh
Emerging Carbon Nanomaterials for Organic
andPerovskite-BasedOptoelectronicsDeviceApplications ............ 419
MonojitBag,RameshKumar,andJitendraKumar