Carbon Dioxide Utilization to Sustainable Energy and Fuels (Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation)

354 Pages·2021·19.215 MB·English

by  Inamuddin (editor), Rajender Boddula (editor), Mohd Imran Ahamed (editor), Anish Khan (editor)

Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation
IEREK Interdisciplinary Series for Sustainable Development
Inamuddin · Rajender Boddula ·
Mohd Imran Ahamed · Anish Khan Editors
Carbon Dioxide
Utilization
to Sustainable Energy
and Fuels
Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation
IEREK Interdisciplinary Series for Sustainable
Development
Editorial Board
Anna Laura Pisello, Department of Engineering, University of Perugia, Italy
Dean Hawkes, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
Hocine Bougdah, University for the Creative Arts, Farnham, UK
Federica Rosso, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
Hassan Abdalla, University of East London, London, UK
Sofia-Natalia Boemi, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
Nabil Mohareb, Faculty of Architecture - Design and Built Environment,
Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
Saleh Mesbah Elkaffas, Arab Academy for Science, Technology, Egypt
Emmanuel Bozonnet, University of la Rochelle, La Rochelle, France
Gloria Pignatta, University of Perugia, Italy
Yasser Mahgoub, Qatar University, Qatar
Luciano De Bonis, University of Molise, Italy
Stella Kostopoulou, Regional and Tourism Development, University of Thessaloniki,
Thessaloniki, Greece
Biswajeet Pradhan, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology Sydney,
Sydney, Australia
Md. Abdul Mannan, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Malaysia
Chaham Alalouch, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
Iman O. Gawad, Helwan University, Egypt
Anand Nayyar , Graduate School, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
Series Editor
Mourad Amer, International Experts for Research Enrichment and Knowledge Exchange
(IEREK), Cairo, Egypt
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(cid:1) (cid:1)
Inamuddin Rajender Boddula
(cid:1)
Mohd Imran Ahamed Anish Khan
Editors
Carbon Dioxide Utilization
to Sustainable Energy
and Fuels
123
Editors
Inamuddin Rajender Boddula
Department ofApplied Chemistry CASKey Laboratoryof Nanosystems
Faculty of Engineering andTechnology andHierarchical Fabrication
ZakirHusain Collegeof Engineering Beijing,China
andTechnology
AligarhMuslim University AnishKhan
Aligarh, India Department ofChemistry
Faculty of Science
MohdImran Ahamed KingAbdulaziz University
Department ofChemistry Jeddah, SaudiArabia
Faculty of Science
AligarhMuslim University
Aligarh, India
ISSN 2522-8714 ISSN 2522-8722 (electronic)
Advances in Science, Technology &Innovation
IEREK Interdisciplinary Series for Sustainable Development
ISBN978-3-030-72876-2 ISBN978-3-030-72877-9 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72877-9
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Contents
Chemical Valorization of CO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2
Esperanza Ruiz Martínez and José María Sánchez Hervás
Progress in Catalysts for CO Reforming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
2
Maria do Carmo Rangel
Fuel Generation from CO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
2
Mariany C. Deprá, Ihana A. Severo, Rafaela B. Sartori, Patrícia Arrojo,
Leila Q. Zepka, and Eduardo Jacob-Lopes
Thermodynamics of CO Conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
2
Joshua Gorimbo and Ralph Muvhiiwa
Enzymatic CO Conversion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
2
Pravin D. Patil, Anup D. Chahande, Deepali T. Marghade, Vivek P. Bhange,
and Manishkumar S. Tiwari
Electrochemical CO Conversion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
2
I. A. Novoselova, S. V. Kuleshov, and A. A. Omel’chuk
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Mediated Organic Transformations . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
Bubun Banerjee and Gurpreet Kaur
Theoretical Approaches to CO Transformations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
2
Hossein Sabet-Sarvestani, Mohammad Izadyar, Hossein Eshghi,
and Nazanin Noroozi-Shad
Carbon Dioxide Conversion Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
Sidra Saqib, Ahmad Mukhtar, Sami Ullah, Muhammad Sagir, M. Bilal Tahir,
Rabia Amen, Muhammad Babar, Abdullah G. Al-Sehemi, Muhammad Ali Assiri,
and Muhammad Ibrahim
Closing the Carbon Cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
Anoop Singh, Prerna Mahajan, and Sandeep Arya
Carbon Dioxide Utilization to Energy and Fuel: Hydrothermal
CO Conversion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
2
Demet Ozer
Ethylenediamine–Carbonic Anhydrase Complex for CO Sequestration . . . . . . . . 253
2
Egwim Evans Chidi, G. K. Ezikanyi, Onyeaku Ugoona Sandra,
and Joseph Peter Shaba
Green Pathway of CO Capture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
2
Amita Chaudhary
Carbon Derivatives from CO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285
2
Abbas Ghareghashi and Ali Mohebbi
v
vi Contents
Catalysis for CO Conversion; Perovskite Based Catalysts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297
2
Osarieme Uyi Osazuwa and Sumaiya Zainal Abidin
Carbon Dioxide Conversion to Useful Chemicals and its Thermodynamics. . . . . . 311
Pallavi Jain and A. Geetha Bhavani
Carbon Dioxide-Based Green Solvents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323
Saraswati Soren, Tejaswini Sahoo, Jagannath Panda, Deepak Kumar Senapati,
J. R. Sahu, C. K. Rath, and Rojalin Sahu
State-Of-The-Art Overview of CO Conversions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335
2
Grazia Leonzio
Chemical Valorization of CO
2
Esperanza Ruiz Martínez and José María Sánchez Hervás
Abstract Keywords
(cid:1) (cid:1)
The growing CO atmospheric concentrations, linked CO recycl(cid:1)ing Renewab(cid:1)le energy storage (cid:1)CO to
2 2 2
withdetrimentalglobalwarming,andthedecliningfossil chemicals CO t(cid:1)o fuels CO to p(cid:1)olymers CO to
2 2 2
resources derived from power generation, transportation building m(cid:1)aterials Climate chan(cid:1)ge Greenhouse gas
andindustriesareofgreatenvironmentalandsustainabil- mitigation Chemical processes CO utilization
2
ity concerns. Chemical valorization of CO into fuels,
2
chemicals, polymers and construction materials is a Abbreviations
promising tool to reduce fossil fuel depletion and
AT Austria
greenhouse gas emissions, contribute to decarbonization
of energy, transport and industrial sectors and to fulfill BE Belgium
Bio Biological
climate goals, while storing renewable energy and
BP British Petroleum
generating revenue. Chemical valorization of CO has
2
CA Canada
the potential to generate products with similar or
Cat Catalytic
improved quality and with smaller carbon and water
CH Switzerland
footprints,energyconsumptionandproductioncoststhan
CN China
traditionallyproducedcounterparts.However,thedeploy-
coSOEC Co-electrolysis of water and CO in Solid
ment of these CO -based products is limited to about 10 2
2
Oxide Electrolyte Cells
million tons of CO per year, due to the early stage of
2
CRT Chemical Reaction Engineering
development of some valorization routes, the need for
d Day
low-carbon, cheap and renewable energy and hydrogen
and the fulfillment of quality standards and regulations. DE Germany
DEA Danish Energy Agency
This chapter focuses on valorization technologies
DGC Danish Gas Technology Centre
approaching commercialization, consuming huge
DK Denmark
amounts of CO and integrating renewable energy, and
2
DME Dimethyl ether
reviews the maturity, the scaling-up potential, the
climatic, economic and environmental benefits and the DNV Det Norske Veritas
DTU Technical University of Denmark
bottlenecksforcommercializationofthetechnologiesand
ECN Energy research Centre of the Netherlands
the market size and price of the synthesized products.
ES Spain
EU European Union
FI Finland
FR France
FT Fischer–Tropsch
E.RuizMartínez(&)(cid:1)J.M.SánchezHervás HU Hungary
UnitforSustainableThermochemicalValorisation,CIEMAT, IN India
AvenidaComplutense,40,28040Madrid,Spain IS Iceland
e-mail:[email protected] IEA International Energy Agency
J.M.SánchezHervás IET Institut fur Energietechnik
e-mail:[email protected]
©TheAuthor(s),underexclusivelicensetoSpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG2022 1
Inamuddinetal.(eds.),CarbonDioxideUtilizationtoSustainableEnergyandFuels,
AdvancesinScience,Technology&Innovation,https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72877-9_1
2 E.RuizMartínezandJ.M.SánchezHervás
IT Italy dioxide capture or allows obtaining an economic revenue
JP Japan (Centi 2009; Zhu 2019).
KEI Knowledge Energy Institute There are different potential technological routes, based
kЄ Thousands of Euros mainly on catalytic, biochemical, electrochemical and min-
MCi Mineral Carbonation International eralization processes, for chemical conversion of carbon
MSW Municipal Solid Waste dioxide into a variety of added value products, such as
Mt Millions of tons methane, methanol, dimethyl ether (DME), gasoline, diesel,
nda No data available jet fuel, ethanol, formic acid, polymers and building mate-
NO Norway rials (Zhu 2019; Chauvy et al. 2019).
NL Netherlands Chemical valorization of wasted carbon dioxide in the
NL-DE Dutch-German collaboration formofmaterials,chemicalsandfuelsmayresultinaseries
NZ New Zealand of environmental benefits, as long as renewable power
P2G Power-to-Gas sources are utilized for the conversion of carbon dioxide. In
PFI Prüf- und Forschungsinstitut thismanner,CO canbecomefromadetrimentalgreenhouse
2
PL Poland gas producing global warming, into a worthwhile, renew-
QAFAC Qatar Fuel Additives Company Limited able, endless and carbon neutral source of chemicals,
RFA Renewable Fuel Association materials and combustibles for the future (Ganesh 2014;
RWGS Reverse Water Gas Shift Goeppert et al. 2014; Centi 2009).
SE Sweden The climate benefits linked with carbon dioxide utiliza-
SLF Swiss Liquid Future tion mainly come from substituting a fossil-based product,
t Ton such as conventional chemicals, fuels or polymers, by the
Tec Technology corresponding alternative product derived from carbon
TRL Technology Readiness Level dioxide and having longer life cycle of carbon dioxide
TW Taiwan emissions. Key aspects to be consider in evaluating the cli-
US United States of America mate benefits of carbon dioxide valorization include: the
WBT White Biotech origin of carbon dioxide, derived from fossil fuels or bio-
y Year mass or captured from air, the conventional product being
ZA South Africa replaced by the carbon dioxide based product, the amount
ZSW Zentrum für Sonnenenergie- und and type of energy required for carbon dioxide conversion,
Wasserstoff-Forschung Baden-Württemberg the retention time of carbon dioxide in the product and the
scale of the potential of carbon dioxide utilization (Interna-
tional Energy Agency (IEA) 2019).
Carbon dioxide obtained from biomass or directly from
theaircanprovideneutralorevennegativecarbonemissions
1 Introduction
for carbon dioxide valorization routes that involve the
long-term permanent storage of carbon in the final product,
Carbon dioxide is a waste gas resulting mainly from fossil
such as in construction materials (International Energy
fuelcombustionfortransportationandpowergenerationand
Agency (IEA) 2019).
from other industrial processes. Carbon dioxide has a high
Thecarbonretentiontimeforcarbondioxidevalorization
greenhouse gas potential and is regarded as one of the
applicationsrangesfrombarelyoneyearforfuels,untilaten
foremostcontributorstoclimatechangeandglobalwarming
of years for the majority of chemicals, to centuries and
(Ganesh 2014; Goeppert et al. 2014).
millions of years for polymers and construction materials,
The production of energy, fuels, chemicals and materials
respectively (International Energy Agency (IEA) 2019).
fromfossilsourcescontinuestoplayacrucialrole(Goeppert
Thepotentialcontributionofcarbondioxideutilizationto
et al. 2014). On account of continuous increase in the
the fulfillment of climate objectives will be determined by
atmosphericconcentrationofcarbondioxideandprogressive
the timeframe and speediness of the scaling-up of these
depletion of fossil fuel reserves resulting from extensive
chemical valorization pathways (Chauvy et al. 2019; Inter-
power generation, chemical valorization of emitted carbon
national Energy Agency (IEA) 2019).
dioxide to fuels, chemicals and materials is considered as a
There are two types of carbon dioxide-based products
method complementary to carbon dioxide sequestration and
depending on the marketsize and value: products withhigh
storing for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, enabling
added value and low market size, such as formic acid, and
carbondioxiderecyclingandamoresustainableexploitation
products with low added value and large market volume,
of resources, while reducing costs associated with carbon
ChemicalValorizationofCO 3
2
suchassyntheticfuelsandbuildingmaterials.Fuelshavethe benefits through the production of saleable products (Zhu
largest potential for carbon dioxide utilization due to their 2019).
huge market volume, while building materials show the A high-technology readiness level (TRL) is an indis-
greatest potential of climate change mitigation mainly pensable requirement for market penetration of the carbon
because of their low energy requirements and permanent dioxide-basedproducts(O’Connelletal.2019).Thischapter
retention of carbon in the product, but face other barriers to focuses on technologies of chemical valorization of carbon
prompt deployment, such as regulations and construction dioxide which are at demonstration level or close to com-
standards(Chauvyetal.2019;InternationalEnergyAgency mercialization, with technology readiness levels higher than
(IEA)2019;Arestaetal.2014).Insummary,thedeployment 5. Moreover, processes of chemical valorization of carbon
of these CO -based products is limited to about 10 million dioxide which still remain in an early stage of research and
2
tonsofCO peryear,duetotheearlystageofdevelopmentof developmentarenotconsideredinthischapter.Thischapter
2
somevalorizationroutes,theneedforlow-carbon,cheapand specifically reviews valorization processes consuming large
renewableenergyandhydrogenandthefulfillmentofquality volumeof carbon dioxide anddemonstration projects/plants
standards and regulations (Chauvy et al. 2019; International atpilotorpre-commercialscale.Thischapteralsohighlights
Energy Agency (IEA) 2019;Aresta etal. 2014). the capability of some chemical routes of carbon dioxide
Chemical valorization of carbon dioxide provides also a valorization to integrate renewable energy into the chemical
method for storing the excess of discontinuous renewable andenergyinfrastructuresavailableforthetransport,storage
energy, unable tobedischarged intotheelectricity network, and utilization of the chemicals and fuels synthesized from
in the form of carbon neutral or negative fuels, chemicals carbon dioxide.
and materials, which storing, transport and utilization tech- The present chapter reviews, for each route of chemical
nologies are fully established, contributing to the decar- valorizationofcarbondioxide,thematurity,thepotentialfor
bonization of power generation, transportation and other scaling-up, the climatic, economic and environmental ben-
industrial sectors (Centi 2009). efits and the bottlenecks for further development or com-
The development and potential technology transfer of mercialization of the technology and the amount of carbon
processes for the chemical valorization of carbon dioxide to dioxide chemically converted, namely the carbon dioxide
fuels, chemicals and materials would help to overcome the abatement potential, the reduction in carbon and water
limitations to renewable energy deployment, ensure power footprints and in energy consumption as compared with
supplying and lessen the reliance on fossil reserves. conventional production routes, as well as the market size
Chemical valorization of CO toward fuels, chemicals and price of the synthesized products.
2
and materials is a suitable way to provide social wellbeing
and economic growing, while allowing some savings in
greenhouse gas emission, contributing also to the achieve- 2 CO -Derived Fuels and Chemicals
2
mentoftheenvironmental,energyandsocialgoalssettledat
global and local levels (Ganesh 2014; Goeppert et al. 2014; Carbon dioxide represents an alternative to fossil fuels as a
Centi 2009). source of carbon for the production of platform chemicals,
Presently, only a small number of processes for the transportation fuels or energy carriers, such as methane,
synthesis of valuable products, such as urea, salicylic acid, methanol, ethanol, dimethyl ether, formic acid, carbon
polycarbonates and cyclic carbonates, from carbon dioxide monoxide or syngas, gasoline, diesel and jet fuels. The
are available at commercial scale (Alper and Yuksel Orhan process consists of the reaction of carbon dioxide with
2017; Artz 2018; Fukuoka et al. 2007; Patricio et al. 2017; hydrogentoproduce,directly,orindirectly,fromthesyngas
Quadrellietal.2011;Sakakuraetal.2007).Therefore,these generated via the reverse water gas shift reaction, a
technologies will not be reviewed further in this chapter. carbon-containing compound with higher easiness of han-
There are also some innovative technologies for the dling, transport, storage and utilization than pure hydrogen.
conversion of carbon dioxide to various commercial prod- Given that hydrogen production is a highly energy-
ucts, such as chemicals, synthetic fuels, polymers and con- consuming process, low-carbon hydrogen has to be pro-
struction materials, currently at different levels of duced by biomass gasification or reforming coupled with
development and commercialization. The potential applica- carbon dioxide capture and storage, or via electrolysis of
tion of these technologies for the valorization of carbon water powered with renewable or low-carbon electricity
dioxidecanresultinsavingsincarbondioxideemissions,by (International Energy Agency (IEA) 2019). In general, the
improving efficiency, by partially substituting fossil-based costofhydrogenproductiondominatestheoperatingcostof
raw materials and by using renewable energy, thus con- the full chemical synthesis process. In summary, carbon
tributing to the decarbonization of power generation and dioxideisapotentialrawmaterialfortheproductionoffuels
other industrial sectors and to the creation of economic and chemicals, but its transformation to valuable products