Carbohydrate Chemistry Volume 15, Part Ii

836 Pages·1989·35.762 MB·English

by  John F Kennedy

Carbohydrate Chemistry
Volume 15
Part II

A Specialist Periodical Report
Carbohydrate Chemistry
Volume 15
Part II
Macromolecules
A Review of the Literature Published
during 1981
Senior Reporter
J. F. Kennedy, University of Birmingham
Reporters
D. P. Atkins, University of Birmingham
1. M. Morrison, Hannah Research Institute, Ayr
C. M. Sturgeon, University of Edinburgh
R. J. Sturgeon, Heriot- Watt University, Edinburgh
C. A. White, University of Birmingham
The Royal Society of Chemistry
Burlington House, London WIV OBN
ISBN 0-85186-152-0
ISSN 0576-7172
Copyright @ 1986
The Royal Society of Chemistry
All Rights Reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form
-
or by any means graphic, electronic, including photocopying, recording,
taping, or information storage and retrieval systems - without
written permission from The Royal Society of Chemistry
Printed in Great Britain by
Whitstable Litho Ltd., Whitstable, Kent
Preface
This Report, the fifteenth of this Title, is, like its predecessors, a
comprehensive summary of publications, both primary and secondary, presented in
a concise and readable form.
In spite of the supportive comments we have received for this Title from
readers in various parts of the world, reference must be made to the 1985
decision of the Royal Society of Chemistry to cease publication of 'Carbohydrate
Chemistry' Part I1 in its present form. This decision has been based on
insufficient income to support the high cost of production. Such a cessation
was hinted at in the preface to Volume 14 as being a possibility. It is
regrettable not only since the carbohydrate macromolecular chemistry may no
longer be available in such an accessible form but also since so much effort has
been put into the change to the production of camera-ready copy despite the
problems associated with the complexities of carbohydrate names and structures
and abbreviated forms thereof.
In the production of this volume I have been supported once again by
colleagues who have unstintingly contributed to many volumes of this Title and
by Drs C. A. White and D. P. Atkins who joined in the producton of this volume
to ease the work-load. I again very gratefully acknowledge the considerable
effort put in by every reporter, and the help and advice they have given.
Finally, the editorial and other assistance provided by Mrs R.H. Pape,
Assistant Editor, Books, at the Royal Society of Chemistry in the production of
this Report is much appreciated.
April 1986 JOHN F. KENNEDY

Cont ents
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
By J. F. Kennedy
Chapter 2 General Methods 3
By R. J. Sturgeon
1 Gas-Li quid Chromatography 3
2 Column and Ion-exchange Chromatography 5
3 Thin-layer Chromatography 5
4 High-pressure Liquid Chromatography 6
5 Electrophoresis 9
6 Analytical Methods 10
7 Structural Methods 13
N. M. R. Spectroscopy 13
Mass Spectrometry 14
Miscellaneous Methods 15
Chapter 3 Plant and Algal Polysaccharides 21
By I. M. Morrison
1 Introduction 21
2 Starch 21
3 Fruct ans 31
4 Ce 11u lose 32
5 Hemi cellulo ses 39
6 Pectins 48
7 Gums and Mucilages 53
8 Algal Polysaacharides 56
Chapter 4 Microbial Polysaccharides 70
By C. A. Whibe
1 Teichoic Acids 70
2 Peptidoglycans 77
viii Carbohydrate Chemistry
3 Lipopolysaccharides 89
4 Capsular Polysaccharides 107
5 Extracellular and Intracellular Polysaccharides 119
6 Miscellaneous Bacterial Polysaccharides 136
7 Fungal Polysaccharides 141
D-Gl ucan s 145
D-Ma nn a ns 150
Chitin 157
Miscellaneous Cell-wall Polysaccharides 158
Chapter 5 Clycoproteins, Glycopeptides, Proteoglycans, and
Animal Polysaccharides 168
By R. J. Sturgeon
1 Microbial Glycoproteins 168
Fungal Glycoproteins 168
Viral Glycoproteins 169
2 Plant Glycoproteins 178
3 Lectins 179
4 Fibronectin 193
5 Collagen 197
6 Glycogen 202
7 Glycosaminoglycans and Proteoglycans 203
Analysis 20 3
Occurrence, Isolation, and Structure 205
Biosynthesis 21 6
Pa thology 219
8 Cell and Tissue Glycoproteins 222
9 Cell-surface Glycoproteins 234
10 GlycoprQtein Hormones 249
11 Milk Glycoproteins 253
12 Serum Glycoproteins 25 8
13 Immunoglobulins 269
14 Erythrocyte Glycoproteins 284
15 Salivary and Mucous Glycoproteins 292
16 Urinary Glycoproteins, Glycopeptides, and
01 igosacchari des 298
17 Avian Clycoproteins 30 1
18 Miscellaneous Clycoproteins and Chitin 307