Table Of ContentCancer Risks
Strategies for Elimination
Edited by
Peter Bannasch
With 34 Figures
Springer-Verlag
Berlin Heidelberg New York
London Paris Tokyo
Prof. Dr. PETER BANNASCH
lnstitut flir Experimentelle Pathologie
Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum
1m Neuenheimer Feld 280
D-6900 Heidelberg
The publication of this book was supported by the Arbeitsgemeinschaft flir
Grossforschungseinrichtungen (AGF).
Institutions participating in the AGF-KoordinierungsausschuB Krebsforschung
DKFZ Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum Heidelberg
GBF Gesellschaft flir Biotechnologische Forschung Braunschweig
GSF Gesellschaft flir Strahl en-und Umweltforschung Neuherberg
KF A Kernforschungsanlage Iiilich
KfK Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data. Cancer risks. Includes bibliographies and index.
1. Cancer - Prevention. 2. Carcinogens. 3. Carcinogenesis. 4. Health risk assessment. 1. Bannasch.
Peter. [DNLM: 1. Carcinogens - toxicity. 2. Neoplasms - prevention & control. 3. Oncogenic
Viruses - pathogenicity. QZ 202 C21564]
RC268.C3676 1987 616.99'4052 87-4350
ISBN-13 978-3-540-17465-3 e-ISBN-13: 978-3-642-71843-4
DOl 10.1007/978-3-642-71843-4
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Preface
A large body of information about possible causes of cancer has been ac
cumulated by both clinical experience in man and observations in animal
experiments. There is general agreement that in most cases cancer is due
to exogenous factors, albeit the genetic disposition may also play an impor
tant part. Three main categories of exogenous risk factors have been iden
tified, namely chemicals, radiation, and viruses. In principle, it should be
possible to prevent cancer by eliminating such risk factors. However, in
spite of the rapidly growing number of well established risk factors, many
shortcomings in our understanding of the causes of human cancer and in
the introduction of effective preventive measures are evident. In addition
to obvious gaps in our scientific knowledge, inadequacies in personal life
style, irresponsible handling of environmental contaminants, and in some
areas also deficiencies in political decisions seriously hamper the elimina
tion of risk factors for cancer.
It was this background which prompted the Committee coordinating
Cancer Research in the GroBforschungseinrichtungen in the Federal Re
public of Germany to organize a conference on Strategies for the Elimina
tion of Cancer Risks. The conference was held in Heidelberg in June 1986.
In areas which appeared to be especially pertinent to public health, author
itative speakers presented the state of the art and prepared the basis for the
discussion. Both the presentations of the speakers and the summaries of
the discussions are contained in this book.
The idea of the conference emerged long before the atomic energy
plant accident in Chemobyl and the severe chemical pollution of the river
Rhine had happened. Some of the consequences of the Chemobyl accident
were discussed at the conference. As to the chemical risk factors, in addi
tion to occupational cancer, special emphasis was laid upon tobacco smok
ing, one of the best known risk factors for cancer in man. The discussion
on viruses as possible risk factors for human cancer aims at the develop
ment of vaccines which might prevent certain types of cancer.
I am obliged to all members of the Scientific Committee who gave valu
able advice for the program of the conference: L. E. Feinendegen (Diissel
dorflJiilich), W. Gassner (Munich), U.Hagen (Munich/Neuherberg), H.
zurHausen (Heidelberg), P. Herrlich (Karlsruhe), P. Miihlradt (Braun
schweig), R. Preussmann (Heidelberg), and D. Schmahl (Heidelberg). I
am also grateful to the Administration of the German Cancer Research
Center and to my coworkers, who guaranteed a smooth running of the
VI Preface
meeting. My special thanks go to the speakers, the moderators, and the
rapporteurs of the discussions, and to all the participants who contributed
to the success of the meeting and provided the basis for this book. Finally,
I am indebted to Ute Heilmann of Springer-Verlag for excellent coopera
tion and much support in achieving rapid publication of the proceedings.
Heidelberg, December 5,1986 PETER BANNASCH
Contents
Session 1
General Aspects
Chairman: F. VOGEL
Genetic Predisposition for Cancer Risks in Man
D.G.HARNDEN ................ . 3
The Role of Epidemiology in the Detection and Reduction
of Cancer Risks
R.DoLL ............. . 14
Summary of Discussion: Session 1
L. ARAB-KoHLMEIER ...... . 24
Session 2
Chemical Carcinogens: Risk Assessment
Chairman: D.NEUBERT
Assessment of Cancer Risk from Chemicals
D. HENSCHLER 27
Validity of Short-Term Tests to Detect Carcinogenic Chemicals
H.GREIM, V.ANDRAE, W. GOGGELMANN, L.SCHWARZ,
and K. H. SUMMER (With 5 Figures) ............. 33
Preneoplastic Lesions as Indicators of the Carcinogenic Risk
Caused by Chemicals
P. BANNASCH, H. ENZMANN, and H. ZERBAN (With 6 Figures) 47
Carcinogenic Risk Assessment:
Are Animals Good Surrogates for Man?
I.F.H.PURCHASE ........ . 65
Summary of Discussion: Session 2
R.BAss ............. . 80
VIII Contents
Session 3
Chemical Carcinogens: Primary Prevention
Chairman: D.ScHMA.HL
Possibilities of Primary Prevention Against Chemical Carcinogens
R. PREUSSMANN (With 3 Figures) .................. 87
Primary Prevention Against Occupational Carcinogens
P. J. LANDRIGAN and I. J. SELIKOFF . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Chemical Carcinogens in Tobacco
D. HOFFMANN, E. L. WYNDER, S. S. HECHT, K. D. BRUNNEMANN,
E.J.LAVoIE, and N.J. HALEY (With 4 Figures) ........... 101
Primary Prevention of Tobacco-Related Cancer
E. L. WYNDER and M. A. ORLANDI (With 6 Figures) ......... 114
Summary of Discussion: Session 3
H.-G. NEUMANN ........................... 133
Session 4
Physical Carcinogens
Chairman: W. GassNER
Cancer Risk from Ultraviolet Radiation
H.IpPEN ................ . . ...... 137
Assessment of Cancer Risks Due to Ionizing Radiations
A.M.KELLERER (With 1 Figure) ........ . ...... 143
Cancer Risk from Environmental Radioactivity
W,JACOBI (With 5 Figures) ...................... 154
Summary of Discussion: Session 4
E.W.HAHN ........... . . .. 166
Session 5
Oncogenic Viruses
Chairman: E. WECKER
Viruses in Human Tumors
H. zuRHAUSEN (With 1 Figure) ... 171
Strategies in the Prevention of Infections by Oncogenic Viruses
F.DEINHARDT (With 3 Figures) .................... 181
Contents IX
Summary of Discussion: Session 5
G. HUNSMANN . . . . . . . . . . . . ........ 190
Summary of Round Table Discussion on Strategies
Against Tobacco Cancer
G.ErSENBRAND .............•.....•........ 192
Subject Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
List of Contributors
ANDRAE, ULRICH, Institut fur Toxikologie der Gesellschaft fur Strahlen
und Umweltforschung, D-8042 Neuherberg, FRG
ARAB-KoHLMEIER, LENORE, Bundesgesundheitsamt, Institut fur Sozialme
dizin und Epidemiologie, Postfach 330013, D-1000 Berlin 33, FRG
BANNASCH, PETER, Institut fur Experimentelle Pathologie, Deutsches Krebs
forschungszentrum, 1m Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-6900 Heidelberg,
FRG
BASS, ROLF, Bundesgesundheitsamt, Thielallee 88-92, D-1000 Berlin 33,
FRG
BRUNNEMANN, KLAUS D., Naylor Dana Institute for Disease Prevention,
American Health Foundation, Valhalla, NY 10595, U.S.A.
DEINHARDT, FRIEDRICH, Max von Pettenkofer Institut fur Hygiene und Me
dizinische Mikrobiologie der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Mun
chen, Pettenkoferstr. 9, D-8000 Munchen 2, FRG
DOLL, RICHARD, SIR, Imperial Cancer Research Fund, Cancer Epidemiol
ogy Unit, Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford OX2 6HE, U.K.
EISENBRAND, GERHARD, Lebensmittelchemie und Umwelttoxikologie der
Universitat Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrodinger-Str., D-6750 Kaisers
lautern, FRG
ENZMANN, HARALD, Institut fur Experimentelle Pathologie, Deutsches
Krebsforschungszentrum, 1m Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-6900 Heidel
berg, FRG
GOGGELMANN, WALTRAUD, Institut fur Toxikologie der Gesellschaft fur
Strahlen- und Umweltforschung, D-8042 Neuherberg, FRG
GREIM, HELMUT, Institut fur Toxikologie der Gesellschaft fUr Strahlen-und
Umweltforschung, D-8042 Neuherberg, FRG
HAHN, ERIC W., Institut fUr Nuklearmedizin, Deutsches Krebsforschungs
zentrum, 1m Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-6900 Heidelberg, FRG
HALEY, NANCY J., Naylor Dana Institute for Disease Prevention, American
Health Foundation, Valhalla, NY 10595, U.S.A.
XII List of Contributors
HARNDEN, DAVID G., The Paterson Laboratories, Christie Hospital and
Holt Radium Institute, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 9BX, U.K.
HAUSEN ZUR, HARALD, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, 1m Neuen
heimer Feld 280, D-6900 Heidelberg, FRG
HECHT, STEPHEN S., Naylor Dana Institute for Disease Prevention, Ameri
can Health Foundation, Valhalla, NY 10595, U.S.A.
HENSCHLER, DIETER, Institut fUr Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universi
tat Wurzburg, Versbacher Landstr. 9, D-8700 Wurzburg, FRG
HOFFMANN, DIETRICH, Naylor Dana Institute for Disease Prevention,
American Health Foundation, Valhalla, NY 10595, U.S.A.
HUNSMANN, GERHARD, Abteilung fUr Virologie und Immunologie, Deut
sches Primatenzentrum, Kellnerweg 4, D-3400 Gottingen, FRG
IpPEN, HELMUT, Abt. Dermatologie und Venerologie I, Universitats-Haut
klinik, von Siebold-Str. 3, D-3400 Gottingen, FRG
JAKOB!, WOLFGANG, GSF Neuherberg, Institut fUr Strahlenschutz, Ingol
stadter Landstr. 1, D-8042 Neuherberg, FRG
KELLERER, ALBRECHT M., Institut fUr Medizinische Strahlenkunde, Univer
sitat Wurzburg, Versbacher Landstr. 5, D-8700 Wurzburg, FRG
LANDRIGAN, PHILIPP J., Environmental Sciences Laboratory, Mount Sinai
School of Medicine of The City of New York, 10 East 102nd Street,
New York, NY 10029, U.S.A.
LA VOlE, EDMOND J., Naylor Dana Institute for Disease Prevention, Ameri
can Health Foundation, Valhalla, NY 10595, U.S.A.
NEUMANN, HANS-GUNTER, Institut fUr Pharmakologie und Toxikologie,
Universitat Wurzburg, Versbacher Landstr. 9, D-8700 Wurzburg, FRG
ORLANDI, MARIO A., American Health Foundation, 320 East 43rd Street,
New York, NY 10017, U.S.A.
PREUSSMANN, RUDOLF, Institut fUr Toxikologie und Chemotherapie, Deut
sches Krebsforschungszentrum, 1m Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-6900
Heidelberg, FRG
PURCHASE, lAIN F. H., Central Toxicology Laboratory, Imperial Chemical
Institutes PLC., Aldedey Park near Macclesfield, Chesire SKlO 4TJ,
U.K.
SCHWARZ, LESLIE, Institut fUr Toxikologie der Gesellschaft fur Strahlen
und Umweltforschung, D-8042 Neuherberg, FRG
SELIKOFF, IRVING J., Environmental Sciences Laboratory, Mount Sinai
School of Medicine of The City University of New York, 10 East 102nd
Street, New York, NY 10029, U.S.A.
