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—
{.55]
CANADIAN LOCAL HISTORY.
THE FIRST GAZETTEER OF UPPER CANADA.
WITH ANNOTATIONS,
BY THl REV. HENRY 8CADDIN0, D.D.
The full title of the wor—k whiclv it is proposed to reprint, with
A
annotations, is as follows: " short Topographical Description of
His Majesty's Province of Upper Canada, in North America, to
which is annexed a Provincial Gazetteer. London: Published by
W. Faden, Geographer to His Majesty, and to His Royal Highness
the Prince of Wales, Charing Cross, 1799. Printed by W. Buhner
and Co., Russell Court, ClevelandRow, ^t. James's." In the second
edition,publishedin 1813, "HisRoyalHighnessthePrinceofWales"
isalteredto"HisRoyalHighnessthePrinceRegent,"andthePrinters
are Hamblin and Seyfang, Garlick Hill, Thames Street. In the
first edition the following "Advertisement" or Preface appears:
"The accompanying Notes and Gazetteer were drawn up by David
William Smith, Esq., the very able Surveyor General of Upper
Canada, at the desire of Major-Geueral Simcoe, on the plan of those
of the late Capt. Hutchins for the River Ohio and the Countries
adjacent. London, October 1st, 1799." The David William Smith
here namedwas born in 1764. Hewas the sonof Lieut.-Col. Smith,
ofthe Fifth Regiment ofFoot,formerly ofSalisbury, who died Com-
mandantat Fort Niagara in 1795. Atanearlyagehewas appointed
an Ensign in hisfather'sregiment, inwhich hesubsequentlyobtained
the rank ofCaptain. Afterwards he was called to the bar in Ujjper
Canada, with precedence as Deputy Judge Advocate. Besides being
Surveyor General, he was also one of the Trustees for tho Six
Nations, and of the Executive Council of the Committee for admin-
istering the Government in the Governor's absence; a member of
the first three Upper Canadian Parliaments, and Speaker of the
House of Assembly in two of them. On his return to England in ^1
—
56 CANADIAN LOCAL HISTORY.
1802, he resided at Alnwick, where he was principal agent to the
D' '^e of Northumberland. He was created a Baronot in 1821. In
1837 he died. He is spoken of as "a high-minded English gentle-
man, universally beloved for the kindness and warm-hearted gener-
osity of his character." In Burke's General Armory, Sir David is
described as being ''ofUpper Canada;" and in allusion doubtless to
his services in that Province, his shield, Burke informs us, bore a
beaver "on a chief;" and overthecrestappear—edtheword "Canada."
The whole article in Burke reads as follows: "Smith (as borne by
the late Sir David William Smith,ofUpper Canada, andofPreston,
CountyofNorthumberland, Baronet.) SirDavidleftfourdaughters
;
theeldestmarriedtoCharles Tylee,Esq.,andthe youngestto Edward
Tylee, Esq. Per pale, gu. and az. : on a chevron, or, between three
cinquefoils, ar. as many leopard's faces sa.; on a chief of the third,
A
a beaver passant proper. Crest : sinister hand erect apaum6,
couped at the wrist,gu., thewrist encircled with a wreath ofoak, or,
the palm charged with a trefoil slipped, ar. ; on an escroll above
Canada. Motto: Pro rege et patria. Sir David left no heirs male.
Hisonlysonwas killed at Quiberon,in 1811, onboard His Majesty's
frigate, Spartan"
The Instructions issued to the early surveyors by Sir David,
while acting officially in Upper Canada, are still preserved. Tliey
are full of interest to the present inhabitants of the localities
aiined. We give the letter addressed by him to Mr. Augustus
Jenes, at York, dated Niagara, 15th June, 179G, from which we
gather that in 1796 an extension of the limits of York (Toronto)
was already in contemplation. (The Governor referred to is still
Gen.Simcoe.) "Sir I encloseto youa planoftheCountyofYork,
:
shewing what has been surveyed, that in case His Excellency may
be pleased to order it to be enlarged, youwill bo able to complywith
Hia Excellency's instructions, either by laying out another range of
blocks to the northward, or by continuing thorn to the eastward. I
am. Sir, &c., D. W. Smith, Acting Surveyor General."
The Notesand Gazetteerof Tipper Canadaabout to be reproduced,
are said above to have been drawn up on the plan of those of the
late Capt. Hutcains for the River Ohio and countries adj; ^cnt. Of
this Capt. Hutchinsand his productionswe ha\o the following notice
in Allibone's Critical Dictionary of P^nglish Literature: Hutch'us*
'Thomas, 1730-1789. Captain R[oyal] Army. Subsequently Geo-
r..>
CANADIAN LOCAL HISTORY. 67
grapher General of the United States; was a native of Monmouth,
New Jersey. 1. Boqnet's Expedition against tlie Ohio Indians.
Philadelphia, 1765., London, 1766, 4to. pp. 14 and 71 : 5 plates.
Two of the plates are from designs by Benj. West. In French,
Amsterdam, 1796. "The accounts here laid before the public
appear to be perfectly authentic, and they are drawn up with equal
A
perspicuity and elegance." Lond. Monthly Magazine. 2. Topo-
graphical DictionaryofVirginia, Pennsylvania, Maryland and North
Carolina. London, 1778, 8vo, pp. 67. 3 plates. In French, Paris,
1781. 3. Historical Narrative and Topographical Description of
Louisiana and West Florida. Philadelphia, 1784, pp. 94, &c.
Intheeditionof 1813 the Preface orAdvertisementvaries slightly
from that given above. It says "The following Notes and Gazet-
:
teer were drawn up by David William Smith, Esq., late Surveyor
General of the Provin'ie of Uj^per Canada, to illustrate the Map of
that Colony, by tne desire of Major-General Bimcoe." It is then
added "This edition, the second, has been revised and coi'rected to
:
the present time by Francis Gore, Esq., Lieutenant-Governor, &c.,
<fcc., to accompany the new map compiled in the Surveyor General's
office, and recently published under his direction." London, 1813.
ManyparticularsrelatingtoGovernorGorearenarrated in "Toronto
ofOld." He was in England during the period of the war with the
United States, 1812-14.
After the departure of Mr. D. W. Smith in 1802 the affairs of
the Surveyor General's department were superintended for a time by
Messrs. Chewett and Ridout conjointly. Then Mr. C. B. Wyatt
became Surveyor General. Subsequently Mr. Ridoutwas appointed.
Duringa portionoftheincumbencyofD. W. Smith, Mr. Christopher
Robinson, formerly of the Province of Virginia, who had borne a
commission in the corps of Queen's Rangers, was Deputy Surveyor
General. Theheadingofthefirstedition, "AGeneral Topographical
A
Description of Upper Canada," isreduced inthesecond to " Topo-
graphical Description," &c. The work then opens "By an Act of
:
the British Parliament, [commonlyknown as the Canadian Constitu-
tional Act of 1791,] passed in the thirty-first year of His present
Majesty, [i. e. George III.,] to repeal certain parts of .'i Act passed
in the fourteenth year of His Majesty's reign, entitled, 'An Act for
making more effectual provision for the Government ofthe Province
of Quebec, in North America, and to make furtherprovision for the
68 CANADIAN LOCAL HISTORY.
Government of the said Province;' the Province of Quebec was
divided into the Provinces of Upperand Lower Canada, which two
Provinces were separated accordingto the following line of division,
as set forth in His Majesty's Proclamation of the 18th day of
November, 1791, Alured Clarke, Esq.,* Lieutenant-Governor, &c.,
Ac, &c.:' To commence at a stone boundary on the north bank of
the Lake St. Francis, at the cove west of Pointe au Bodet, [in
Bouchette's Topographical Dictionary of Lower Canada, this is
'Baudet,'J in the limit between the township of Lancaster and the
Seigneury of New Longueuil, running along the said limit in the
direction of north 34 degrees west, to the westernmost angle of the
said Seigneury of New Longueuil; thence along the north-western
boundary of the Seigneury of Vaudreuil, running north 25 degrees
east, until it strikes the Ottawa River; to ascend the said river into
Lake Tomiscaming; and from the head of the said lake by a l.-ne
drawn due north until it strikes the boundary lino of Iludson'.s Bay,
including all the territory to the westward and southward of the
said line, to the utmost extent of the countrycommonly called or
known by the name of Canada." [The old Longueuil is situated in
the County ofChambly.]
The Province ofUpper Canada is bounded to the eastward by the
United States of Americaj thai, is, by a line from the 45th degree
ofnorthlatitude,alongthemiddleofthe RiverIroquoisorCataraqui,
into Lake Ontario; through the middle thereof until it strikes the
communication by water between that lake and Lake Erie; thence
alpng the middle of the commixnication into Lake Erie; through the
middle of that lake \intil it arrives at the water communication
between it and Lake Superior; thence through Lake Superior north-
ward, to the isles Royale and Philipeaux, to the Long Lake, and
the wator communication between it and the Lake of the Woods
;
thence through that lake to the most north-western point thereof
j
and from thence a due west line to the River Mississippi.
[Bouchetto observes that "this boundary was fixed by the treaty
of 1783, but is erroneous, inasmuch as a line drawn west from the
Lake ofthe Woods will not strike the Mississippi at all." In Presi-
dent Russell's opening speech to the two houses of Parliament of
*AnotlcoofAluredCliirkewill hogivenhcrcn'tcr; hewas Lleutpaant-aovornor,actingin
(beRbsenoeoftheQovernor-in-CLief, LordDorchester.
;;
CANADIAN LOCAL HISTORY. 09
Quebec was
Upper Canada, on the 15th of June, 1799, we have an allusion to
wJiicli two
o' f division, the Mississippiasawesterlyboundaryofhis Province. **Honorable
^th day of Gentlemen and Gentlemen," he sayi, "I am happy to inform you
that the intelligence communicated to me in the beginning of the
senior, &c.,
'Ji bank of winter, respecting a combined attack of this Province said to have
been in preparation from the side of the Mississippi, turns out to
JBodet, [in
have little or no foundation. It has, however," he then adds, "had
'^> tLis is
*r and the the pleasing effect of evincing an internal strength to repel any
"t in the hostile attempt fi'om that quarter; for I cannot sufficiently applaud
the very animated exertions of the Lieutenants of Counties and the
gle of the
loyal spirit and zeal exhibited by the Militia of the several districts
h-western
on this occasion, whereby two thousand select volunteers from the
'5 degrees
respectivecorpsthereofwere immediatelyput into astateofreadiness
riverinto
by a l;ne torodmeraerdc,hawnidthIsthmeiprerasruraasdedattahatmotmheenrtesttowowuhledrehvaevretshoeoyn mfioglhltowbeed
on's Bay,
with equal alacvity iftheir services had beenwanted." The military
1 of the
spirit of the young colony of Upper Canada was, we see, fated tc be
called or
uated in thus early put io the test. The reply to this part of the President's
address from the **Commons" reads as follows: "It affords us the
i by the highest satisfaction to learn that the inhabitants of this Province
have been so un.iuimously determined to oppose any attemptwhich
I degree
taraqui, might have been contemplated to disturb its flourishing improve-
ikes the ments, not doubting that similar enei'gy will be shewn by all classes
of the people to prevent the intro(3uction of French pi'inciples, and
tJience
ugh the preserve uncontaminated the constitution which the mother country
has given us." The Speaker of the Lower House on this occasion
lication
was DavidWilliam Smith,ofwhomanaccount hasbeen givenabove.
north-
President Russell, who, it may be observed, had been previously
ce, and
Military Secretaiy to Sir H. Clinton during the war of the Revolu-
l^oods
tion in the Ignited States, refers again to the expediency of being
lereof
prepared for hostile attacks on Upper Canada, in the closing speech
of the session of 1799. "Although," he says, "the sequestered
treaty
m situation of this Province has, through the favour of Providence,
the
hitherto exempted it from sharing in the calamities of the cruel war
Presi-
which still ravages Europe, I cannot too earnestly exhort you to
illt of
recommend it strongly to your constituents not to relax in their
itinjjin attentionsto militiaduties,and to keepthat portionofeach battalion
which has been selected by my desire for immediate service in a
constant state ofreadiness to actwhen wanted."]
