Table Of ContentCANADA AND INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS
Canada–US Relations
Sovereignty or Shared Institutions?
Edited by David Carment and Christopher Sands
CANADA AMONG NATIONS 2018
Canada and International Affairs
Series Editors
David Carment
NPSIA
Carleton University
Ottawa, ON, Canada
Philippe Lagassé
NPSIA
Carleton University
Ottawa, ON, Canada
Meredith Lilly
NPSIA
Carleton University
Ottawa, ON, Canada
Palgrave’s Canada and International Affairs is a timely and rigorous
series for showcasing scholarship by Canadian scholars of international
affairs and foreign scholars who study Canada’s place in the world. The
series will be of interest to students and academics studying and teaching
Canadian foreign, security, development and economic policy. By focus-
ing on policy matters, the series will be of use to policy makers in the
public and private sectors who want access to rigorous, timely, informed
and independent analysis. As the anchor, Canada Among Nations is the
series’ most recognisable annual contribution. In addition, the series
showcases work by scholars from Canadian universities featuring struc-
tured analyses of Canadian foreign policy and international affairs. The
series also features work by international scholars and practitioners work-
ing in key thematic areas that provides an international context against
which Canada’s performance can be compared and understood.
More information about this series at
http://www.palgrave.com/gp/series/15905
David Carment · Christopher Sands
Editors
Canada–US Relations
Sovereignty or Shared Institutions?
Editors
David Carment Christopher Sands
NPSIA Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced
Carleton University International Studies
Ottawa, ON, Canada Johns Hopkins University
Washington, DC, USA
ISSN 2523-7187 ISSN 2523-7195 (electronic)
Canada and International Affairs
ISBN 978-3-030-05035-1 ISBN 978-3-030-05036-8 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05036-8
Library of Congress Control Number: 2018962911
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S P
erieS reface
Palgrave’s Canada and International Affairs is a professional and prac-
tical series showcasing scholarship by Canadian scholars of international
affairs and foreign scholars who study Canada’s place in the world. The
purpose of the series is to examine international issues that affect Canada
and to provide Canadian perspectives on international affairs focused on
current trends, events, and themes of policy interest and relevance. The
series will interest students and academics dealing with Canadian foreign
policy, national defence, international security, overseas development,
and issues of trade and economics, among others. By focusing on pol-
icy problems, the series will be of use to policymakers and practitioners
in the public and private sectors who want access to timely, rigorous,
informed, and independent analysis on the leading issues of the day.
We encourage submissions from interested applicants studying, teach-
ing, or working on:
• Canadian foreign policy or Canadian politics
• Comparative foreign policy or public policy
• International affairs and/or public policy
• Policy management and/or public administration
v
vi SERIES PREfACE
The Canada and International Affairs series is structured around
three types of publications:
1. As the anchor, Canada Among Nations is the series’ most rec-
ognisable annual contribution. Canada Among Nations is an
established volume produced by the Norman Paterson School of
International Affairs (NPSIA), Canada’s oldest, largest, and top-
ranked interdisciplinary graduate school of international affairs
and a full and founding member of the Association of Professional
Schools of International Affairs (ASPIA) centrally located in
Canada’s capital, Ottawa. Canada Among Nations has been in
place since 1984 and become part of the international affairs
studies landscape, in Canada and abroad, for 30+ years. Canada
Among Nations provides thematic reviews of key international pol-
icy issues affecting Canada and the world and has been used exten-
sively in university courses at both the graduate and undergraduate
levels. Looking ahead, its purpose is to provide a broad-spectrum
review of the year in passing and focus on the pressing issues and
agendas facing the country and its place in the world. We encour-
age edited volumes in the range of 50,000–100,000 words.
2. In addition, the series features work by international scholars and
practitioners working on key themes or policies. These compilations
will consist of comparative multi-country studies against which
Canada’s performance can be better understood in its proper con-
text, relative to other similar countries. Examples include subjects
like comparative evaluations of foreign aid programs of OECD
countries or defence spending by NATO member-states. These
studies follow the Pivot Series format. We encourage monographs
in the range of 25,000–50,000 words and edited volumes in the
range of 50,000–100,000 words.
3. finally, the series showcases work by scholars from Canadian uni-
versities and research groups, featuring structured analyses of
Canadian foreign policy and international affairs. Manuscripts by
individual authors as well as thematically-oriented edited volumes,
produced by established professors, emerging scholars, and senior
doctoral students are welcome. We encourage monographs in the
range of 25,000–50,000 words.
SERIES PREfACE vii
The Canada and International Affairs series is a venue for policy-
relevant publications intended for Canadian scholars of international affairs,
foreign scholars who study Canada’s place in the world, and students stud-
ying Canadian foreign policies and decision-making, including but not lim-
ited to defence, security, development, and economic policy. By focusing
on policy problems, the series will be of use to policymakers and practition-
ers in the public and private sectors who want access to timely, rigorous,
informed, and independent analysis on the leading issues of the day. The
goal is to provide policymakers from within the Canadian government with
the benefit of this knowledge and expertise, as well as with opportunities to
publish themselves and contribute to this diverse body of scholarship.
The Canada and International Affairs series editors are:
• David Carment, Professor of International Affairs, NPSIA, Carleton
University
• Philippe Lagassé, Associate Professor and William and Jeanie Barton
Chair in International Affairs, NPSIA, Carleton University
• Meredith Lilly, Associate Professor and Simon Reisman Chair in
International Affairs, NPSIA, Carleton University
The Canada and International Affairs editorial advisory board mem-
bers are:
• Greg Anderson, Professor of Political Science, University of Alberta
• Mel Cappe, Professor of Public Policy, University of Toronto
• Sheryl Lightfoot, Professor of Political Science, Centre for Indigenous
Studies, University of British Columbia
• Justin Massie, Professor of Political Science, Université du Québec à
Montréal
• Bessma Momani, Centre for International Governance Innovation,
Balsillie School of International Affairs, University of Waterloo
• Debora Van Nijnatten, Professor of Political Science, Wilfrid
Laurier University
Please forward any submissions or requests for further information to
[email protected].
Ottawa, Canada David Carment
Philippe Lagassé
Meredith Lilly
a
cknowledgementS
The editors of this volume wish to acknowledge the contributions of
all the authors in this volume. We are also grateful to the editors of the
previous volume in Canada Among Nations series, Norman Hillmer
and Philippe Lagassé, for their advice and support. Norman gets special
thanks for making the trip to Washington to launch the 2017 volume,
Justin Trudeau and Canadian foreign Policy, at a public event where he
was interviewed by CTV Washington Correspondent Richard Madan.
We want to publicly thank Uriel Marantz for his research assistance
and outstanding efforts to communicate with authors, to coordinate sub-
missions to an online shared drive, and to manage logistics for an authors
workshop held at the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International
Studies in Washington, DC. in June 2018. Authors and editors alike
benefited from the chance to meet and discuss their early conceptions
and themes in Washington. Special thanks are due to Martin Loken,
Political Counsellor at the Embassy of Canada in Washington who spoke
to our workshop on contemporary challenges in bilateral relations, of
which he has first-hand experience, and to Paul Koring, veteran corre-
spondent for the Globe and Mail and now a contributor to iPolitics.ca
who provided a historical perspective on the current period in bilateral
relations and stimulated many further conversations among us all.
The consensus highlight of the Washington workshop was a briefing
and lively exchange on the NAfTA talks and other headline issues
with Ambassador David MacNaughton and senior staff at the Embassy
including Katherine Baird, Adam Barratt, Colin Bird, Ron Garson, and
ix
x ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Hani Nasser. It was a candid, off-the-record exchange that few of us will
forget. The Washington workshop would not have been possible with-
out the generous support of the Center for Canadian Studies at Johns
Hopkins which, most importantly, was manifested by hours of hard work
and attention to detail by the Center’s Senior Academic Coordinator
Starr Lee and by current graduate student and research assistant in the
Center Edward Saull.
We are extremely grateful to the Canadian Embassy in Washington
for their support to the scholars who attended the workshop. Special
thanks go to Vincent Raiche, Ron Garson, Niall Cronin for their hard
work in seeing this project to fruition. We also are grateful to the Barton
fund, the Dean’s Office at the faculty of Public Affairs and the School
of International Affairs all at Carleton for their support to the Canada
Among Nations project.
This volume and indeed the continuation of Canada Among Nations
as the premier annual assessment of Canadian international relations is
a credit to our publisher, Palgrave Macmillan, and the editors are very
grateful for the support and encouragement of our editor Katelyn Zingg
and her colleague Anca Pusca. We know that the readers of this book,
from scholars and policymakers to our students past, present and future
will share our gratitude that so many people worked together to bring
this book together.
