Campaigns Against Western Defence: NATO’s Adversaries and Critics

325 Pages·1986·28.87 MB·English

by  Clive Rose (auth.)

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CAMPAIGNS AGAINST
WESTERN DEFENCE
NATO's Adversaries and Critics
Clive Rose
Second Edition
M
© Royal United Services Institute 1985, 1986
All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission
of this publication may be made without written permission.
No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied
or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance
with the provisions of the Copyright Act 1956 (as amended).
Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to
this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and
civil claims for damages.
First Edition and Reprint 1985
Second Edition 1986
Published by
THE MACMILLAN PRESS LTD
Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 2XS
and London
Companies and representatives
throughout the world
Typeset by Wessex Typesetters
(Division of The Eastern Press Ltd)
Frome, Somerset
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
Rose, Clive
Campaigns against western defence: Nato's
adversaries and critics.-2nd ed.-(RUSI
defence studies series)
I. North Atlantic Treaty Organization 2. Strategy
I. Title II. Series
355' .031'091821 UA646.3
ISBN 978-0-333-43209-9 ISBN 978-1-349-18523-8 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-18523-8
Contents
Acknowledgements Vll
Glossary rif Abbreviations Vlll
Preface to the Second Edition x
PART I INTRODUCTION
1 Adversaries and Critics 3
2 Western Defence 19
PART II ADVERSARIES: INTERNATIONAL
FRONT ORGANISATIONS AND
SOVIET PEACE CAMPAIGNS
'3 The Origin of the International Front Organisations,
1919-39 39
4 The International Front Organisations since the
Second World War 52
5 The World Peace Council 64
6 The International Department of the Soviet
Communist Party and Related KGB Activities 77
7 Campaigns Against NATO 94
PART III CRITICS: PEACE MOVEMENTS IN
THE WEST
8 Origin of the Peace Movement in the United
Kingdom, 1930-62 115
9 The Peace Movement in the United Kingdom since
1963 137
Contents
VI
10 Peace Movements in Western Europe 156
11 The Freeze Campaign in the United States and the
Bishops' Letter 188
PART IV CONCLUSION
12 Unofficial Peace Activities in Eastern Europe 213
13 Future Conditional 237
ANNEXES
I The United Kingdom Nuclear Deterrent 243
II Profiles of the Principal International Front Organisa-
tions 246
III Estimated Soviet Subsidies to International Front
Organisations, 1979 292
IV Generals for Peace and Disarmament 293
Notes 295
Index oj Names 303
General Index 311
Acknow ledgemen ts
A number of people have contributed advice and practical help in
the preparation of this book and thanks are due to all of them.
Four require special mention. First I am indebted to the late
Professor Leonard Schapiro, who generously made available to
me the results of research undertaken under his auspices when he
was chairman of the Institute for the Study of Conflict and
encouraged me to take the development and publication of this
work through to completion. This provided the basis for Chapters
3 to 7 and also much factual material incorporated in Chapters 10
and 12; it was originally put together in book form by Nigel Clive,
who has continued to give me the benefit of his advice throughout.
I am also grateful to Rosemary Baker, lately of the Royal United
Services Institute for Defence Studies, for the major contribution
she made to Chapter 8 and for her help with Chapter II; and to
Brigadier Kenneth Hunt for his valuable advice on Chapter 2.
While I gratefully acknowledge their help, I should make it clear
that I alone am responsible for the content of the book and the
views expressed in it.
CLIVE ROSE
Vll
Glossary of Abbreviations
AAPSO Afro-Asian Peoples' ICESC International Committee
Solidarity Organisation for European Security
AFSC American Friends' and Cooperation
Service Committee ICFTU International
AGDF Action Group Service for Confederation of Free
Peace (West Germany) Trade Unions
ASF Action Group for Peace ID International
and Reconciliation Department of the
(West Germany) Central Committee of
BPA British Peace Assemhly the CPSU
CALC Clergy and Laity lID International
Concerned (USA) Information Department
CND Campaign for Nuclear of the Central
Disarmament (UK) Committee
CPC Christian Peace lIP International Institute
Conference for Peace
CPGB Communist Party of IKV Interchurch Peace
Great Britain Council (Netherlands)
CPSU Communist Party of the ILF International Liaison
Soviet Union Forum of Peace Forces
CPUSA Communist Party of the IMEMO Institute of World
USA Economy and
DAC Direct Action International Relations
Committee (UK) (USSR)
DEMYC Democrat Youth INF Intermediate Range
Community of Europe Nuclear Forces
DKP West German IUS International Union of
Communist Party Students
END Campaign for European LNU League of Nations
Nuclear Disarmament Union
ERW Enhanced Radiation MIRV Multiple Independently
Warhead - targetahle Re-entry
FIR International Federation Vehicle
of Resistance Fi,ghters OIRT International Radio and
GLCM Ground Launched Television Organisation
Cruise Missiles SED Socialist Unity Party
IADL International (East Germanv)
Association of WFDY \\'orld Fednation of
Democratic Laywers Democratic Youth
Vlll
Glossary if Abbreviations IX
WFSW World Federation of WILPF Women's International
Scientific Workers League for Peace and
WFTU World Federation of Freedom
Trade Unions WPC World Peace Council
WIDF Women's International WSP Women Strike for Peace
Democratic Federation