Table Of Content

Bernard Faye · Mohammed Bengoumi Camel Clinical Biochemistry and Hematology Camel Clinical Biochemistry and Hematology (cid:129) Bernard Faye Mohammed Bengoumi Camel Clinical Biochemistry and Hematology BernardFaye MohammedBengoumi CentredeCoopérationInternationalen FAORegionalOffice RechercheAgronomiquepourle Tunis,Tunisia DéveloppementResearchUnit SELMET(Livestocksystemin IAVHassanII Mediterraneanandtropicalmilieu) Rabat,Morocco Montpellier,France ISBN978-3-319-95560-5 ISBN978-3-319-95562-9 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95562-9 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2018949032 ©SpringerInternationalPublishingAG,partofSpringerNature2018 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpart of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation,broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway,andtransmissionor informationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilar methodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt fromtherelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Thepublisher,theauthorsandtheeditorsaresafetoassumethattheadviceandinformationinthisbook arebelievedtobetrueandaccurateatthedateofpublication.Neitherthepublishernortheauthorsorthe editorsgiveawarranty,expressorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinorforanyerrors oromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade.Thepublisherremainsneutralwithregardtojurisdictionalclaims inpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations. Printedonacid-freepaper ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland Acknowledgement TheauthorsaregratefultoDr.GaukharKonuspayeva,ProfessorofBiochemistryat Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty (Kazakhstan), for her encourage- ment, her constant support in bibliographical research and her contribution to the layoutofthefinaldocument. Theyalsothankalltheircolleaguessharingtheirpassionforcamelsallalongtheir respectivecareers. v Disclaimer Thecontentsofthisbookarethesoleresponsibilityoftheauthorsandcanunderno circumstancesberegardedasreflectingthepositionoftheiroriginatedinstitutions. vii Contents 1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.1 RestrainingandSamplings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1.1.1 RestraintTechniques. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1.1.2 BloodSampling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1.1.3 UrineSampling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1.1.4 MilkSampling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1.1.5 FecalSampling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1.1.6 LiverBiopsy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1.1.7 HumpBiopsy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 1.1.8 OtherBiologicalSubstrates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 1.2 TheRulesforConvenientInterpretation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 2 Hematology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 2.1 RedBloodCells(Erythrocytes). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 2.1.1 PropertiesofRedBloodCellsoftheDromedary. . . . . . 15 2.1.2 RedBloodCellCount(RBC). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 2.1.3 Hematocrit:PackCellVolume(PCV). . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 2.1.4 Hemoglobin. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . 24 2.1.5 ErythrocyteIndicesofWintrobe. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 2.2 WhiteBloodCells. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 2.2.1 NumerationandLeukocyteFormula. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 2.3 OtherHematologicalParameters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 2.3.1 BloodMassandVolume. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 2.3.2 ErythrocyteSedimentationRate(ESR). . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 2.3.3 BloodDensity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 2.3.4 PlateletsandClottingTime. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 2.3.5 Osmolality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 2.4 TheEffectofDehydrationonHematologicalParameters. . . . . . . 35 2.4.1 EffectonRBCandHemoglobinRate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 2.4.2 EffectonHematocrit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 ix x Contents 2.4.3 EffectonErythrocyteIndexofWintrobe. . . . . . . . . . . . 38 2.4.4 EffectontheLeukocyteCount. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 2.5 Conclusion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 3 EnergeticParameters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 3.1 RegulationoftheEnergeticMetabolism. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 3.2 EnergeticBloodParameters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 3.2.1 Glucose. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 3.2.2 KetoneBodies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 3.2.3 PlasmaLipids. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 3.3 Conclusion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 4 NitrogenandProteinParameters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 4.1 NonproteinNitrogen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 4.1.1 BloodUreaNitrogen(BUN). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 4.1.2 UricAcid. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 4.1.3 Creatinine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 4.1.4 Ammonia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 4.2 Proteins. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 4.2.1 SerumProteins. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 4.2.2 ProteinFractions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 4.2.3 Bilirubin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 4.2.4 Haptoglobin(Hp),Fibrinogen,andPepsinogen. . . . . . . 112 4.3 Conclusion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 5 ClinicalEnzymology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 5.1 GeneralPrinciplesofClinicalEnzymology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 5.1.1 PeculiaritiesofBloodSamplingforEnzymeActivity Determination. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 5.1.2 InterpretationoftheResultsofEnzymeActivity Measurement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 5.2 TheMainEnzymesUsedinCamel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 5.2.1 AspartateAminotransferase:ASAT(E.C.2.6.1.1). . . . . 127 5.2.2 AlanineAminotransferase:ALAT(E.C.2.6.1.2). . . . . . 134 5.2.3 AlkalinePhosphatases:ALP(E.C.3.1.3.1). . . . . . . . . . 138 5.2.4 LactateDehydrogenase:LDH(E.C.1.1.1.27). . . . . . . . . 143 5.2.5 Gamma-GlutamylTransferase:GGTorγ-GT(E.C. 2.3.2.2). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 5.2.6 CreatineKinase:CK(E.C.2.7.3.2). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 5.2.7 GlutamateDehydrogenase:GLGH(EC1.4.1.2). . . . . . . 154 5.3 TheMainMetalloenzymes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 5.3.1 CeruloplasminorCp(EC1.16.3.1). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 5.3.2 GlutathionePeroxidaseorGSH-Px(EC1.11.1.9). . . . . . 156 Contents xi 5.3.3 Superoxide-DismutaseorSOD(EC1.15.1.1). . . . . . . . . 158 5.4 OtherEnzymes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 5.4.1 AcidPhosphatase(EC3.1.3.2)orACP. . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 5.4.2 IsocitrateDehydrogenase(EC1.1.1.42)orIDH. . . . . . . 159 5.4.3 SorbitolDehydrogenase(EC.1.1.1.14)orSDH. . . . . . . 161 5.4.4 α-Amylase(EC3.2.1.1). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 5.4.5 LactoperoxidaseorLPO(EC1.11.1.7). . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 5.4.6 CatalaseorCAT(EC1.11.1.6). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 5.4.7 XanthineOxidaseorXO(EC1.17.3.2). . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 5.4.8 LipaseorLIP(EC3.1.1.3). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 5.5 Conclusion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164 6 Macro-mineralsandElectrolytes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 6.1 Hydro-electrolyticBalanceinCamel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 6.2 BiologicalSignificationofObservedValues. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174 6.2.1 Sodium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174 6.2.2 Potassium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 6.2.3 Chloride. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 6.2.4 Bicarbonates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 6.2.5 Calcium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 6.2.6 Phosphorus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198 6.2.7 Magnesium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 6.3 Conclusion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208 7 TraceElements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217 7.1 TheBiologicalRoleofTraceElements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217 7.2 TheInterestforLaboratoryDiagnosis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218 7.3 SamplingandAnalyticalTechniques. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 7.4 BiologicalSignificationofObservedValues. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220 7.4.1 Copper. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220 7.4.2 Zinc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230 7.4.3 Iron. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 7.4.4 Manganese. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245 7.4.5 Selenium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247 7.4.6 Cobalt. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255 7.4.7 Iodine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257 7.4.8 Fluorine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258 7.4.9 OtherElements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260 7.5 Conclusion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263 References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264 xii Contents 8 Vitamins. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275 8.1 VitaminA(Retinol). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275 8.1.1 VitaminAinPlasma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276 8.1.2 VitaminAinMilk. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278 8.2 VitaminB1(Thiamine). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279 8.2.1 VitaminB1inBlood. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279 8.2.2 VitaminB1inMilk. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281 8.3 VitaminB2(Riboflavin). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281 8.4 VitaminB3(Niacin). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281 8.5 VitaminB5(PantothenicAcid). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282 8.6 VitaminB6(Pyridoxine). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282 8.7 VitaminB7(Biotin). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283 8.8 VitaminB9(FolicAcid). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284 8.9 VitaminB12(Cobalamin). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284 8.10 VitaminC(AscorbicAcid). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285 8.10.1 VitaminCinPlasma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285 8.10.2 VitaminCinMilk. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287 8.10.3 VitaminCinOtherSubstrates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287 8.11 VitaminD(Cholecalciferol). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288 8.11.1 VitaminDinPlasma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288 8.11.2 VitaminDinMilk. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289 8.12 VitaminE(α-Tocopherol). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289 8.12.1 VitaminEinPlasma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290 8.12.2 VitaminEinOtherSubstrates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291 8.13 VitaminK(Phylloquinone). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292 8.14 Conclusion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292 References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293 9 Hormones. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299 9.1 HormonesoftheReproductionSystem. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300 9.1.1 Testosterone. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300 9.1.2 Estradiol. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304 9.1.3 Progesterone. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306 9.1.4 Gonadotropins:LHandFSH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309 9.1.5 Prostaglandins. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310 9.1.6 Prolactin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311 9.1.7 Oxytocin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311 9.2 HormonesoftheAdrenalSystem. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311 9.2.1 AdrenocorticotropicHormone(ACTH). . . . . . . . . . . . . 311 9.2.2 Cortisol. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312 9.3 ThyroidHormones. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315 9.3.1 Thyroxine(T4)andTriiodothyronine(T3). . . . . . . . . . . 316 9.3.2 Thyroid-StimulatingHormone. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321 9.4 OtherHormones. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321 9.4.1 Melatonin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321

Description:
This work brings together a wealth of data regarding the reference values and factors of variation in biochemical parameters used by camel veterinarians and scientists to determine these animals’ nutritional and clinical status. It also explores several technical aspects involved in determining th
ebook img

Camel Clinical Biochemistry and Hematology PDF

352 Pages·2018·7.31 MB·English
by  Bernard Faye
Save to my drive
Quick download
Download
Upgrade Premium
Most books are stored in the elastic cloud where traffic is expensive. For this reason, we have a limit on daily download.

Download Camel Clinical Biochemistry and Hematology PDF Free - Full Version

by Bernard Faye| 2018| 352 pages| 7.31| English

Download Camel Clinical Biochemistry and Hematology by Bernard Faye in PDF format completely FREE. No registration required, no payment needed. Get instant access to this valuable resource on PDFdrive.to!

Free Download PDF

About Camel Clinical Biochemistry and Hematology

This work brings together a wealth of data regarding the reference values and factors of variation in biochemical parameters used by camel veterinarians and scientists to determine these animals’ nutritional and clinical status. It also explores several technical aspects involved in determining th

Detailed Information

Author:Bernard Faye
Publication Year:2018
Pages:352
Language:English
File Size:7.31
Format:PDF
Price:FREE
Download Free PDF

Safe & Secure Download - No registration required

Why Choose PDFdrive for Your Free Camel Clinical Biochemistry and Hematology Download?

  • 100% Free: No hidden fees or subscriptions required for one book every day.
  • No Registration: Immediate access is available without creating accounts for one book every day.
  • Safe and Secure: Clean downloads without malware or viruses
  • Multiple Formats: PDF, MOBI, Mpub,... optimized for all devices
  • Educational Resource: Supporting knowledge sharing and learning

Free Books Similar to Camel Clinical Biochemistry and Hematology

Frequently Asked Questions

Is it really free to download Camel Clinical Biochemistry and Hematology PDF?

Yes, on https://PDFdrive.to you can download Camel Clinical Biochemistry and Hematology by Bernard Faye completely free. We don't require any payment, subscription, or registration to access this PDF file. For 3 books every day.

How can I read Camel Clinical Biochemistry and Hematology on my mobile device?

After downloading Camel Clinical Biochemistry and Hematology PDF, you can open it with any PDF reader app on your phone or tablet. We recommend using Adobe Acrobat Reader, Apple Books, or Google Play Books for the best reading experience.

Is this the full version of Camel Clinical Biochemistry and Hematology?

Yes, this is the complete PDF version of Camel Clinical Biochemistry and Hematology by Bernard Faye. You will be able to read the entire content as in the printed version without missing any pages.

Is it legal to download Camel Clinical Biochemistry and Hematology PDF for free?

https://PDFdrive.to provides links to free educational resources available online. We do not store any files on our servers. Please be aware of copyright laws in your country before downloading.

The materials shared are intended for research, educational, and personal use in accordance with fair use principles.

Upgrade Premium
Most books are stored in the elastic cloud where traffic is expensive. For this reason, we have a limit on daily download.
We use cookies

We use cookies to ensure you get the best browsing experience on our website. By clicking "Accept Cookies", you agree that we can store cookies on your device in accordance with our Terms and Privacy.