Table Of ContentGary Cambers and Steve Sibley
Cambridge IGCSE®
Geography
Coursebook
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CONTENTS
Introduction
Part A
Geographical Themes – Preparing for Paper 1
Theme 1 Population and Settlement
Topic 1 Population growth
Case Study 1a: Rapid population growth in Niger
Case Study 1b: Population decline in Russia
Topic 2 Too many or too few?
Case Study 2a: Overpopulation in Nigeria
Case Study 2b: Underpopulation in Australia
Topic 3 Population structure and control
Case Study 3a: Reducing population in China
Case Study 3b: Increasing population in Singapore
Topic 4 Population density
Case Study 4a: Low population density in Namibia
Case Study 4b: High population density in Japan
Topic 5 International migration
Case Study 5: Polish workers move into the UK
Topic 6 Rural settlements
Case Study 6a: Rural settlement in Ethiopia
Case Study 6b: Rural settlement in France
Topic 7 Urban settlements
Case Study 7a: Urban settlements in Sardinia
Case Study 7b: Barcelona – urban land use
Topic 8 Urbanisation
Case Study 8a: Urbanisation in Peru – Lima
Case Study 8b: Urbanisation in India – Mumbai
Topic 9 Urban problems
Case Study 9a: Urban problems and solutions – Cairo
Case Study 9b: Urban problems and solutions – Baltimore
Topic 10 Urban sprawl
Case Study 10: Urban sprawl in Atlanta
Global Issue 1 HIV/AIDS
iii
Contents
Theme 2 The Natural Environment
Topic 11 Plate tectonics
Case Study 11a: A volcano in Chile
Case Study 11b: An earthquake in China
Topic 12 Weathering
Topic 13 Rivers – from source to mouth
Case Study 13a River erosion – Niagara Falls
Case Study 13b River deposition – the Ganges delta
Topic 14 Coasts
Case Study 14a Coastal erosion – The Twelve Apostles
Case Study 14b Coastal deposition – the Hel spit
Topic 15 Coral reefs
Case Study 15 The Great Barrier Reef, Australia
Topic 16 Weather and climate
Topic 17 Tropical rainforests
Case Study 17 Madagascar’s rainforest
Topic 18 Hot deserts
Case Study 18 The Sahara Desert and Mali
Topic 19 Natural hazards
Case Study 19a Cyclone Nargis – Myanmar
Case Study 19b Drought in Australia
Topic 20 Human activity has impacts
Case Study 20a Floods in Mozambique
Case Study 20b National Parks in Costa Rica
Global Issue 2 Reducing carbon emissions
iv Cambridge IGCSE Geography
Contents
Theme 3 Economic Development
and the Use of Resources
Topic 21 Agriculture
Case Study 21a Subsistence agriculture in Brazil
Case Study 21b Commercial agriculture in New Zealand
Topic 22 Food shortages
Case Study 22 Famine in Darfur, Sudan
Topic 23 Work and employment
Case Study 23a Changing employment – South Africa
Case Study 23b Changing employment – Russia
Topic 24 Manufacturing industry
Case Study 24 Manufacturing steel – Pakistan
Topic 25 Hi-tech industry
Case Study 25 Hi-tech industry in Bangalore
Topic 26 Tourism
Case Study 26a Tourism in the Seychelles
Case Study 26b Tourism in Dubai
Topic 27 Energy supply and demand
Case Study 27a Fuelwood in D.R. Congo
Case Study 27b Oil in Saudi Arabia
Case Study 27c Renewable energy in Iceland
Topic 28 Generating electricity
Case Study 28 Electricity generation in France
Topic 29 Water
Case Study 29 The Lesotho Highlands Water Project
Topic 30 Damaging the environment
Case Study 30a Soil erosion in Nepal
Case Study 30b Global warming – the Maldives
Case Study 30c Deforestation in Amazonia, Brazil
Topic 31 Conservation and management
Case Study 31a The Arctic
Case Study 31b The Antarctic
Global Issue 3 Reduce, reuse, recycle
v
Contents
Part B
Geographical Skills – Preparing for Paper 2
Map work 1 Monsefu, Peru
Map work 2 Harare, Zimbabwe
Map work 3 Ewaso Kedong, Kenya
Map work 4 Montego Bay, Jamaica
Map work 5 Negara, Indonesia
Map work 6 Le Port, Reunion Island
So what map skills do we need?
Part C
The Alternative to Coursework –
Preparing for Paper 4
Topic 1 Investigating the CBD
Topic 2 Investigating rivers
Topic 3 Investigating tourism
Topic 4 Investigating weather
So what coursework could we do?
Supplementary materials
Support sheets
Sample questions and marking schemes
Mapwork
Maps 1–11
Triangular Graph Paper
Resources
World map
Glossary
Index
Acknowledgements
vi Cambridge IGCSE Geography
INTRODUCTION
The Cambridge IGCSE Geography coursebook has been written specifi cally to
prepare students for Papers 1, 2 and 4 of the CIE examination.
Part A: Geographical Themes –
Preparing for Paper 1
Part A deals with the syllabus themes in the order of the syllabus. As the contents
page illustrates, there is a close and deliberate link in Part A to the syllabus. The
following three themes are covered:
Theme 1: Population and Settlement
Theme 2: The Natural Environment
Theme 3: Economic Development and the Use of Resources.
The authors have translated the syllabus themes into 31 generic topics, each of
which is covered on a double-page spread to introduce the topic. Twenty-nine
of these topics are then followed by at least one but usually two case studies of
topical and relevant examples from over 40 different countries, most of which
have CIE centres where candidates take the IGCSE Geography examination. The
three case study questions on Paper 1 are worth 21 out of 75 marks, so centres
that have been requesting resources to prepare candidates more effectively
for this part of the examination will fi nd a wide range of examples to use. All
are resource-based and involve problem-solving and free-response writing as
required. At the end of each set of case studies there is a sample case study
question provided for students to attempt, based on the examples provided or
from others they have been taught. A global issue is studied at the end of each
theme, and a full world map showing countries covered by the case studies is
provided at the start (on page 2).
Part B: Geographical Skills –
Preparing for Paper 2
This paper is mainly skills-based and tests a candidate’s ability to handle various
ways of depicting geographical information without requiring specifi c place-
knowledge as in Paper 1. As one examination question will be based on a large-
scale (1:25 000 or 1:50 000) topographical map of a tropical area, Part B of the
textbook provides six examples of such maps, from Peru, Zimbabwe, Kenya,
Jamaica, Indonesia and Reunion Island. Teachers will fi nd previous examinations
have used maps of the Caribbean, Zimbabwe, and Mauritius. For each country
an extract of a map is provided with examples of map skills questions. Further
work continues developing map skills as well as dealing with topics of relevance
within each country that relates to the map extract. The authors are well aware
how diffi cult it is to obtain international maps of tropical areas at the two scales
needed; the six map extracts provided here will supplement those obtained from
previous examinations.
vii
Introduction
Part C: The Alternative to Coursework –
Preparing for Paper 4
Paper 3 is the coursework component and is not dealt with in detail here,
although aspects of fi eldwork and coursework are touched on in Part C. Paper
4 is taken by candidates as a written examination instead of carrying out
coursework and/or fi eldwork. Four topics – two physical and two human – are
covered with investigations into the Central Business District (CBD), Rivers,
Tourism, and the Weather – all topics that previously have been set on Paper
4. Each investigation begins with a double-page spread that illustrates how
fi eldwork could be carried out on each of these topics. Then, taking a recent
question on the topic, there is a detailed analysis of candidate answers with
examination tips provided, as well as opportunities for students to assess answers.
The fi nal exercise provides examples of coursework topics that are undertaken
in several CIE centres in different countries. These suggest the type of fi eldwork
or coursework that teachers might consider introducing. Although the majority
of centres do choose Paper 4 as an alternative to coursework, it is important
that teachers try to carry out some local fi eldwork, which Part C attempts to
encourage.
Supplementary materials
In this e-book version of Cambridge IGCSE Geography, the CD-ROM content is
included as ‘supplementary materials’. These materials are as follows:
Outline maps: These are always useful for teachers to use with several tasks.
Eleven outline maps are provided covering the major regions of the world.
Support sheets: Forty-two photocopiable support sheets – at least one per topic
and one for each map work section – are provided here. In most cases they
provide help with sketches and graph work and supplement the topics and case
studies.
Sample questions: Thirty-one full sample questions are provided in exactly the
same style and format as they occur on Paper 1. Each question has a part a and b
with resources to respond to; the case study, which is provided in the textbook, is
added to complete a full question. Mark schemes are also provided for teachers to
use.
Gary Cambers and Steve Sibley
viii Cambridge IGCSE Geography
