Calydorea Herbert (Iridaceae-Tigridieae): Notes on this New World Genus and Reduction to Synonymy of Salpingostylis, Cardiostigma, Itysa, and Catila

8 Pages·1991·5.6 MB·

by  Peter Goldblatt

HERBERT
CALYDOREA
Peter Goldblatt^
a
James Henrich
E,
(IRIDACEAE-TIGRIDIEAE):
NEW
WORLD
ON
NOTES
THIS
GENUS AND REDUCTION TO
SYNONYMY
OF
SALPINGOSTYLIS,
CARDIOSTIGMA,
ITYSA,
AND
CATILA'
Abstract
Subequal tepals spreading from the base, free stamens, and short slender style branches with simple, obtuse to
emarginate apices, the defining generic criteria for the southern South American Calydorea (Iridaceae-Tigridieae)
Mexican
(Herbert, 1843a) also characterize the Florida (U.S.A.) monotypic Salpingostylis (Small, 1931), the
Cardiostigma (Baker, 1876), and the Venezuelan Itysa Ravenna (1986). Salpingostylis and Cardiostigma hardly
differ from one another and are congeneric; they can be distinguished from Calydorea only by their secund flower,
weakly eccentric style that divides near the apex of the anthers, and short style branches. Itysa also has secund
having
flowers with spreading subequal tepals, free stamens and slender, simple style branches. It is unusual only in
the anthers coherent at their bases and a style that divides above the level of the anthers. Typical Calydorea has
upright flowers and a central style that divides near the bases of the anthers into relatively longer style branches that
We
twist weakly so that they come to lie between, rather than opposite, the style branches. consider the differences
between Calydorea, Cardiostigma, and unite
Salpingostylis, and Itysa too insignificant to merit generic segregation
them An
all under Calydorea, unusual species of Calydorea, C. pallens, which has unequal inner and outer tepals
and
style branches that lie opposite the anthers, is strikingly similar to Catila amabilis (Ravenna, 1983), the latter
having somewhat
larger and more intensely colored flowers, the anthers of which clasp the style branches after
we
anthesis. These two species belong in the same genus, and we recommend treating both as Calydorea in which
them
consider to be relatively unspecialized. Other members of Tigridieae, notably Onira, Eleutherine, and Gelasine,
that have free stamens and simple style branches are considered Calydorea. The phylogenetic position
in relation to
of the species or species clusters of Calydorea are analyzed cladistically and are discussed in relation to other taxa
of Tigridieae and the basic character states of the tribe and its sister taxon Mariceae.
™
W
fll
Described in 1843 by the and more
British botanist Wil- morphology had already been described,
liam Herbert, Calydorea was added,
erected been
to include a than 15 ones have since
additional
species of bulbous and
plicate-leafed Iridaceae from Except some synonyms, each differed
obvious
for
Sisyrinchium
Chile, speciosurn, which was mis- largely morphology and was charac-
in floral
its
Two
placed Sisjrmc/iium.
in features special-
distinguished terized by unusual stamen and/or stylar
Calydorea
from
other genera
of Iridaceae then and sometimes by differences in the rel-
izations,
known
had
that also a bulbous rootstock and and outer tepal
plicate ative size and shape of the inner
and same
leaves, the basic vegetative morphology: The genera of
whorls. bulbous and plicate-leafed
free stamens; and a style with long, slender, un- now members of Tigri-
Iridaceae are treated as
divided branches
loosely alternating with 1990) of Iri-
the sta- dieae, one of four (Goldblatt,
tribes
mens.
Irideae,
doideae, the others being Sisyrinchieae,
By
843, genera the
with one of
1 1 1 similar vegetative and Mariceae. Iridoideae the only
is
-kA
Support DEB
for thi. study by grants 81-19292 BSR Foundation
and 85-00148
' from the U.S. National Science
We
IS gratefully acknowledged. ako thank confirming
C. Humphries and
J. for his critical review of the manuscript for
our cladogram HENNIG86
using the
program.
63166-
^"'^^''' ^^"''''" ^ox^ny, Missouri Missouri
""^ Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, Louis,
nolo' St.
^t'c^["''"^
ujyy,
u.b.A.
^ Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 29Q- St. Ty^hU Mice.,,.; ^-^i^a noon tt c a
Missouri 51L
199L
Volume Number
78, 2
&
Goldblatt Henrich
505
1991
Notes on
Calydorea
«^
four subfamilies of Iridaceae that occurs
in the Cardiostigma sensu Ravenna
comprises
three
New
World
A
(Goldblatt, 1982,
1990).
notable species, C. longispathum (the type), C. mexican-
feature of Tigridieae um C
(Figs. the unusual
1, 2) is (R. FosterfRavenna, and /u«<o«u
(r' Fos-
degree of
variability in the style branches, which Ravenna. Ravenna
ter) never
explained concept
his
form
frequently a highly specialized and complex
of Cardiostigma,
but
only notable seems
its feature
structure, intimately associated with the stamens, be
to flower. This secund and
its is consists of a
which are sometimes
also
specialized. This con-
blue perianth of subequal spreading
tepals, not
markedly
trasts with the vegetative uniformity
in clearly divided into a limb and claw and without
the
tribe.
perigonal
nectaries; free stamens; and
a slender.
More
than 25 genera
of
plicate-leafed Iridaceae
eccentric style with three short, simple branches.
with bulbs have been described, and but a few This
all at least applies to C. longispathum and
C.
of these appear to be very weakly founded. They mexicanum.
In C. hintonii the three well-defined
are largely based on
trivial differences in style or style branches are each deeply forked about
for
stamen Compared
structure. with Iridaceae-Iri-
two-thirds of their length. This style corresponds
doideae and
in Africa Eurasia, the generic limits exactly to that of Ainca (Ravenna, 1979) and
Alophia
finely (Herbert, 1840), and we assume
that
it
seems
timely to attempt reduce some
to of the is related to these genera rather than to the other
We
genera
that differ so little from each other. Not species o{ Cardiostigma. not deal further
will
some
only degree
of consistency
is in the criteria with C. hintonii here.
for recognition of genera
desirable at least within
New
the family, but there a need to define the SalPINGOSTVLIS
is
World
This genus monotypic,
containing only the
is
descriptions can be Cardiostigma Baker
written.
Florida species Salpingostylis coelestinum
(basio-
(1876), Salpingostylis Small (1931), Catila Ra-
nym
Ixia coelestina Bart.), which was, as recently
venna
and Ravenna
(1983), Itysa (1986) are four
as 1974, regarded as a not particularly unusual
such examples of weakly defined genera, and they
member
Sphenostigma
oi (Goldblatt, 1974). Small
are reduced synonymy
Calydorea
to in here. Also
^11
1-
J- (1931) described Salpins'ostyhs and regarded
r>..w;^^n -J it
critically considered Calydorea
in relation to are
_
11
as monotypic, but h. i-s opi. ni• on was ilareel, y l- enored.
r'^/^ rk
i^elasi• ne, Onir• a, andt ET^lieuth1 enn• e, which are at ^ /
,^ /rT.r ,^^-t
r. i,. tlo.^-r7.. -
(Foster, 1945; Goldbla. tt, 1974). Onli y after 1977,
1^,,, J r J L \
least part.l1 y defined b1 y, or contai. n speci.es wi.th, '
.
II when Ka
venna reduced ophenosti2;ma synon-
„i^ to
1 J-
•
slender, undivid1 ed1 1 ^
branches.
style
o
ymy . Gel,asi.ne, .has bai,pi-ngostyu?s- ^ more or i
in less
by been recognized.
default,
Cardiostigma A
comparison
careful of the available collections
^
D„ of Salptnerostrlis and Cardiosti£(ma sensu Ra-
XM
tiased1 on t.1he sout1hern Mexi•can C. l1 ongi'spa- f
l u
i
vcuna Icavcs US lu no dioubt tihat. With the cxceptiou
/A,,^
tnum /i^i ..\ r> /-t I- . /r» ri-Tz:
(Klatt) BakI er, Cardiostii^ma (Bak1 er, 11 876: ^
...
'
, . . . i . i
ino\ of 6. hintonii (mentioned above), these are con-
o
J
iuz; was reducedT synonymy • Sph/ enost.igma
to in o
l
- » i. » •
Salp.ngo.tyhscoetesUnunt has iihe iden-
&
Baker
(1876: 124) by Bentham Hooker (1883)
^^"f"*^-
11 flower described above tor L. longispathum
tical
csro^o^n^ r* •. -1 r,,, . r
alter was f 1 The 1 founded ^
described.
latter
it is
n and, mexi.canum, secundi - orientation wi-tih subi_-
n« o L. in
tu
on r> /T^i
the BrazU-ii. an selIflowianum \ Bak1 er.
S. (Klatt)
RaU^ /ton^\ o 11 equal tepals, free stamens, and a long style. Ex-
oaker
(1892) expand1ed1 Sph/enostigma include ^
to
' j
,,11 amm. ati.on of ampl,e h, er,bar-ium materiali and some
^^
l^
]tl1 speci.es, and. Foster (,,1945,-)v added three more.
.„ j r t
. - made .
accompanymg trom pli ants
illustrations live
,i^-„,
Rqx.^
navenna , , made . .
(1977) has, however, , a convincing
j- j j
\ ro, al, so maki es - cli ear .tihat. t.ihe st. yli e i• s divided mt*o
it
r
argument
. , .
tor transferrme the type of ^jp/zenos/^^e--
u j
,. . , , i • some-
^^ distmct branch, es, not obscurely ilobed as
/ is
, !.,..
^'^a, out not ot,her memb,ers of t1he eenus, to Ge-
/t^- a\ Aa j* r •u r.
]„• t.imes t,hough, t (Fig. ilA). reading of the literature
m
r
1-
f^sine, which now 1known by an
earlier
n-
it is .- j j
and, exami.nation of • and preserved specimens
living
With
erma.
/
c^, \ ^ n have not indicated any reason to separate Salpin-
' j^i-,-
^pnenost.igma . , , . Gel,asm. e, Kavenna
thus included
in
r *u a
nQ7^ ,. and Cardiostigma Irom one another, a^ nd
gostvlis
rSir^ r^r.^^ r r
(1977, 11979, 11986) transferredi most of t1he erst. Li/.. im
.u.J^f..^ r./,-^....
^F;„
^:..:.,...:.u them from Calydorea
distinguish (Fig. IB).
to
little
^hile Ennealophus N.E.
species genus
of that to
new
^J"-, Phalocallis, Cardiostigma, and the gen-
iTySA
era Ainea Ravenna
and One
Lethia, species that
has not dealt with to date Sphenostigma coe- Described by Ravenna in 1986, Itysa comprises
is
lestinum (= and two species of northern South America. Both are
Salpingostylis coelestinum), this
Calydorea and Cardiostigma
IS discussed broadly similar to in
in detail below.
506 Annals of the
Garden
Missouri Botanical
—
Figure 1. Flowers, style, and stamen detail and enlargement of style apex in species of Calydorea. A. C,
— —
—
^B.
coclestina (Salpingostylis) (with habit). Calydorea sp. C. C. gardneri (Itysa). D. C. pallens. E. C. amabilis
(Catila). Habit and flowers full size; stamens and style x 3; style branch apices much enlarged.
vegetative morphology, and they have secund flow- the style. Except for this unusual feature, both
ers with subequal inner and outer tepals lac^king species of Itysa seem to correspond to the species
and The Cardiostigma
diff^erentiation into a limb claw. filaments of in particular.
are free, and the long style divides above the level
of the anthers into three short, slender branches „
(Fig. IC), the structure of which closely resembles
One
that in Calydorea. peculiarity of the genus Flowers of Cardiostigma, Salpingostylis, and
is
that the bases of the anthers are coherent around Itysa correspond closely to the type and most other
Volume Number &
78, 2 Goldblatt Henrich 507
1991 Notes on Calydorea
species of Calydorea (Fig. IB) with the following of the limb folded back on and bearing a
itself
The median
differences. flower upright not secund, and zone of nectariferous There no
tissue.
is
is
the style shorter, dividing opposite the base of basis for the generic separation of Calydorea pal-
is
the anthers. The style branches are thus compar- lens and Catila.
atively longer and more slender, and by a weak
between
twisting loosely the anthers. (This
lie
is
Phylogenetic Considerations
not a fundamental difference in the position of the
ovary branches The
or style in relation to the stamens.) basic floral morphology in Tigridieae ap-
In Salpingostylis and Cardiostigma, the pears be complex
style di- to similar to the structure en-
vides just above the apex of the anthers and the countered Cypella Ravenna, 1981a,
in (e.g.,
b),
exact position of the style branches relative to the which very similar to the basic flower of Mariceae
is
anthers obscured because weakly
is the style is (Fig. 2A), sister taxon of Tigridieae (Goldblatt,
eccentric(whetherby designer Here
the effect of gravity 1990). the tepals are clawed with the claws
in the secund flower is not known) (Fig. lA). How- forming an open cup, and the inner tepals are
ever, the structure of the style and style branches smaller than the outer, each folded back on
itself
of Salpingostylis, Cardiostigma sensu Ravenna, at the base of the limb, in which area there a
is
Itysa^ and Calydorea very similar (compare zone of nectaries surrounded by an area of con-
is
details of style arms in Fig. lA-D). trasting coloration. The style branches are thick-
As far as we can tell from live specimens of a ened and compressed, and terminate in a pair of
Calydorea sp. from Argentina, and an illustration flat appendages, called crests because of their re-
of the closely related C. xiphioides (Poeppig) Es- semblance to similar structures in The
Iris. fila-
(synonym
pin. C. speciosa)^ there are no other ments are free, usually threadlike, and too weak
taxonomically between
significant differences Caly- to support the anthers, which are closely applied
dorea, Cardiostigma, Salpingostylis, and
Itysa. (not united) to the abaxial side of the style branch.
The
secund The
flower, longer style, short style branch- anthers usually reach to just below the stigma,
es, and basally connate anthers are inadequate a transverse band of tissue (Fig. 2A) at the base
criteriaon which to base genera in Iridoideae. Thus, of the crests on the abaxial surface of the style
may
as presently understood, Cardiostigma^ Salpin- branch. (The stigma bear
a pair of small
gostylis, and Itysa cannot be upheld and are here appendages
similar to the crests.)
reduced synonymy. The minor complex
to differences that This structure thought to be basal
is
we
have much
outlined, in conjunction with the correlated (plesiomorphic) for a tribe in which simpler
geographic disjunction, appear to merit sectional stylar structures also occur (as in Calydorea) be-
The
separation within one genus at best. necessary cause the flowers of the central genera of Mariceae,
nomenclatural changes are presented below, to- Neomarica and Trimezia, have exactly the same
gether with short notes about each species. structure. The genera of Mariceae, however, have
a rhizomatous rootstock and plane leaves, and these
features are less specialized than the bulb and
pli-
Calydorea fallens and
New
cate leaves of Tigridieae. In the other World
Ravenna
Catila
tribe of Iridoideae, Sisyrinchieae, which also has a
When
other species currently assigned to Caly- rhizomatous rootstock and plane leaves, the inner
dorea are taken into account, the circumscription and outer tepals are similar, not normally unguic-
C
of the genus is somewhat expanded. In pollens ulate, lack a zone of nectaries, and have style
Griseb., the style is shorter than in C. xiphioides branches that are always simple, filiform structures
and Calydorea and branches
sp., the lie opposite sometimes reduced to short lobes.
the anthers, though not appressed to them (Fig. Thus, the pattern of evolution
floral in Tigri-
ID); the tepals are weakly unguiculate; and the dieae, as presented in the cladogram (Fig.
3), is
inner tepals are smaller than the outer. Calydorea best seen as a progressive reduction from the com-
pallens hears a remarkable resemblance to Catila plex to the simple (Figs. Goldblatt (1990)
1, 2).
Ravenna
amabilis and To
(Fig. IE), the type only presented this argument in detail. consider the
species of Catila (Ravenna, 1983), which differs phylogenetic relationships as having a different pat-
significantly from only in having a larger flower tern, from the simple to the complex, tempting,
It
is
more
with strongly unguiculate tepals of a darker It is, however, less parsimonious as this means that
and
purple color in the anthers being closely applied either the exact type of flower structure evolved
The
to the style branches. inner tepals of Catila independently in Mariceae and Tigridieae, or that
many
resemble other Tigridieae in having the base Mariceae are derived from supposedly
specialized
Annals the
508 of
Garden
Missouri Botanical
A
C
Figure 2. Flowers, style, and stamen detail and enlargement of style branch apex in selected Iridaceae.—^A.
—
steyermnrkii.~B. Onira unguiculata.—C, Gelasine elongata {= G. azurea). D. Eleutherine bulbosa.
Trimczia
much
stamens and x branch apices enlarged.
Habit and flowers full size; style 3; style
Tigridieae and acquired a rhizome and plane leaves this process, leading to species with flowers like C,
and such Northern Hemi-
seem speciosa, ultimately to
secondarily. Both scenarios milikely. In Iri-
C
from complex type sphere species as C. coelestina and longispa-
progression the
deae, a similar
of flower to the simple seems likely (Goldblatt, tha, with their secund flowers and elongate, ec-
1981, 1986, 1990) and the same pattern seems centric style (Fig. 3).
have occurred Cipiirn, a small genus of Ti- Other genera of Tigridieae with simple style
in
to
&
Caljdorea
branches resembling those of are
Henrich, 1987).
gridieae (Goldblatt
above, Caljdorea ap- £'/ea^^erme Herbert (1843b), which comprises two
In the scenario outlined
pears to be a moderately specialized member of species; one species of Gelasine Herbert (1840),
Ravenna
and Onira
most evolved from a Cypella- G. elongata (= G. azurea);
Tigridi likely
It
.
we
ancestor which the style branches lost their (1983). Regarding Eleutherine (Fig. 2D), feel
like in
and unrelated Calydorea. unusual red-
thickening and apical appendages, differences that to Its
it is
between the inner and outer tepals were reduced dish bulb, large subterminal cauline leaf, and short
seem from
(Fig. 3). The flower of Catila amabilis is inter- inflorescence spathes to isolate it pos-
The genus should
reduction of
preted here as being close to this ancestral type, sible relatives. this
when immediate ancestry can be
and Calydorea pallens represents another step in be considered
its
Volume Number & 509
78, 2 Goldblatt Henrich
1991 Notes on Calydorea
#
ftf
»
#<>^ e
.<f
^" iP' .o'^
^^^
.v^.* ,x^ i»-
o- XxS- *&
O^
11 anthers basally
14 style eccenlric
coherent
>
MARICEAE .^
.e^^
12 anthers 6 flower secund
alt.
arms
style
15 style branches distant
from anthers
10 stamens uniied
unresolved branching involving Cypella, 7
tepals subequal
Cipura. and perhaps olher genera
5 flowers blue
9 lacking nectaries
bulb
1
pseudomidrib
2 leaf with
8 claws laxly spread
3 leaf plicate
4a
= 7
13 style branches slender
ilaments weak
branches thickened
stylg
inner lepals wilh neclaries
glands
oil
I
Figure 3. Phyiogeny of the genera and species closely allied to Calydorea suggested by the cladogram based
on the character and data matrix presented in Table 1. The major branching patterns in Tigridieae and sister
list
some Onira-Calydorea
tribe Mariceae (from Goldblatt, 1990) are indicated to give perspective to the clade. Polarity
of unnumbered characters from Goldblatt (1990).
Table 1. Data matrix and character list for the cladogram (Fig. 3). Presence of the specialized condition is
denoted by absence by state inapplicable by ?
1; 0;
number
Character
Genus 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
1
Mariceae
1
Calydorea
1 1 1 1
pnllens
C.
I 1 1
Sa
Ipingostylis
1 1 1 1 1 1
Cardiostigma
1 1 1 1 1 1
Itysa
1 1 1 1 1 1
Catila
1 1 1
Onira
1
1
Cypella
1
1
other genera,
e.g.,
Gelasine, Herhertia
1 1
1
Characters; the derived (apomorphic) states ed followed by the presumed ancestral (plesiomorphic) condition,
lis first —
—
1. rootstock a bulb rootstock a rhizome; 2. eaf with pseudomidrib —leaf without pseudomidrib; 3. leaf plicate —
= =
leaf plane; 4. basic chromosome number x 1 -base number not x 7 (but unknown); 5. flowers shades of blue
—
—
flowers shades of yellow; 6. flower secund flower upright; 7. tepals subequal and not clawed tepals unequal and
—
—
clawed; 8. tepal claws laxly spread claws forming an open cup; 9. tepals lacking nectaries zone of nectaries present
—
—
on inner tepals; 10. stamens united stamens free; anthers coherent at base anthers separate from one another;
1 1.
—
and
12. anthers alternating with the style branches anthers opposite the style arms; 13. style branches slender not
—
—
forked style arms thickened and apically forked; 14. style eccentric style central; 15. style branches distant from
—
same
the anthers style branches at level as anthers.
J
510 Annals of the
Garden
Missouri Botanical
much
identified. The subterminal cauline leaf, rather fleshy whorls are well differentiated, the inner being
bulb scales, and basic chromosome number, x smaller than the outer, and strongly folded back
6, suggest that possibly a derivative of Ge- at the juncture of the limb and claw. This diflFer-
it is
=
much
lasine. Base number in Tigridieae is a: 7 (Gold- entiation is more pronounced than in Catila.
= We
and from x 6 Onira and genera should be
blalt, 1982), apart Eleutherine, feel that related
known made
in the tribe only in G. elongata (reported studied further before a decision regarding
is is
&
as G. azurea) (Kenton Rudall, 1987). The sim- their status and disposition,
ilarity in the karyotypes in these two striking
is
may Treatment
and Systematic
indicate a relationship.
Gelasine elongata 2C) has united filaments
(Fig.
Calydorea
Herbert, Bot. Reg. 29, Misc. Matter.:
and resembling coerulea and
a large plant, G.
is
85. 1843. TYPE: C. speciosa {Hook,) Herbert
G. uragualeasis vegetatively. These two species
(= xiphioides (Poeppig)
G. Espin.).
have more
also united filaments but elaborate style
branches that have paired crests and a broad trans- Cardiostigma Baker, Bot. London 14: 188. 1876.
J.
TYPE: longispathum (Herbert) Baker (= Caly-
verse, abaxial stigma (Ravenna, 1984). Gelasine C.
dorea longispathum (Herbert) Baker).
elongata an autogamous, complex heterozygote
is
New
York
Salpingostylis Small, Bot. Card. 32: 161.
J.
&
(Kenton 1987) reduced
Rudall, with a basic
1931. TYPE: S. coelestinum (Bartr.) Small (= Caly-
=
chromosome number, most
6, unlike Tigri- dorea
ri coelestina (Bartr.) Goldbl.).
= C
which have seems Catila Ravenna, Nordic Bot. 1983. TYPE: amabilis
dieae, 7. likely that the
It J.
jc
C
Ravenna (= amabilis Ravenna)
Goldbl.
apparently simple flower and style of G. elongata
hysa Ravenna, Nord. 582. 1986, TYPE:
Bot. 6:
J. /.
from more complex
are the result of reduction the
gardneri (Baker) Ravenna (= Calydorea gardneri
structures present other species of Gelasine.
in
Baker).
Chromosome number known
only one other
in
is
n—1
Gelasine^ G. uruguaiensis, (Ravenna, 1984).
NOMENCLATURE
OF SPECIES OF
Presumably, Gelasine evolved from a Cypella-\)ke
Calydorea
discussed this paper,
in
and major between
ancestor, the distinction the NEW
INCLUDING COMBINATIONS
two genera and
in the filaments, free long in
is
&
Calydorea
We 1. coelestina (Bartr.) Goldbl. Hen-
Cypella, short and united Gelasine. assume
in
rich, comb. nov. basionym: Ixia coelestina
that similar patterns of evolution occurred
floral in
155
Bartr., Trav. ed. PhUadelphia, (1791)
1,
Gelasine and Calydorea. In both genera species
&
London, 153
[ed. 3 (1792)]; Sal-
1, pi.
have evolved with flowers with subequal unclawed
New
pingostylis coelestina (Bartr.) Small,
J.
tepals and simple cylindric style branches lacking
York Bot. Card. 32: 161 (1931). [See Gold-
crests.
974) homotypic
blatt for additional syn-
1
(
onyms.] TYPE: Bartram, Travels,
Illustration in
Onira
3.
pi.
Described 1983 by Ravenna, Onira includes 2. Calydorea longispatha (Herbert) Baker,
in
J.
only O, unguiculata (Baker) Ravenna, based on Bot. London 14: 189 (1876). BASIONYM: Ge-
Ilerhertia unguiculata. a small plant with lasine longispatha Herbert Benth.,
It in PI.
is
large, pale blue-green flowers (Fig. 2B). Apart from Hartweg. 53 (1840). Cardiostigma longispa-
the color and size of the tepals, and the well- tha (Herbert) Baker, Linn. Soc. Bot. 16:
J.
developed tepal claws, the flower unusual only 102 (1878); Sphenostigma longispathum
is
&
the short which divides below the middle (Herbert) Benth. Hook., Gen. 695
in style, PI. 3(2):
of the filaments, and the comparatively long, slen- (1883). TYPE: Mexico. Hartweg 403 (BM, G)
2B The
der style branches (Fig. detail). filaments [See Foster (1945: 12) for additional homo-
are free and the anthers are appressed to the style typic synonyms.
&
branches and are closely held to them by the re- 3. Calydorea mexicana (R. Foster) Goldbl.
The
curving of the anther sacs after anthesis. style Henrich, comb. nov. BASIONYM: Sphenostig-
ma
mexicanum
branch apices resemble fairly closely those of Caly- R. Foster, Contr. Gray Herb.
dorea pallens and Catila except for the small, 155: 13 (1945); Cardiostigma mexicana (R.
irregular outgrowths of nonstigmatic tissue on the Foster) Ravenna, Notic. Mens. (1978).
etc.
2B may
stigma lobes (Fig. detail). These represent [Additional homotypic synonyms in Foster
the vestigial remains of the style crests that are so (1945).] TYPE: Mexico, Mexico: Temascalte-
8010
prominent in, for example, Cypella, and hypoth- pec, Carboneras, Hinton et al. (holo-
The GH; MO, NY,
esized as plesiomorphic for the tribe. tepal type, isotypes, F, US).
&
Number 511
Volume 2 Goldblatt Henrich
78,
Notes on Calydorea
1991
Homer
Calydorea gardneri Baker, London 1986. Convergent evolution of the ia
4. Bot.
J. .
new Moraea
flower type in six species of (Iridaceae-
14: 188. 1876. Itysa gardneri (Baker) Ra-
Irideae) in southern Africa. Ann. Missouri Bot. Card.
venna, Nord. Bot. 6: 582. 1986. TYPE:
J. 102-116.
73:
2322
Boa Esperanca, Gardner
Brazil. Piaui: 1990. Phylogeny and
classification of Irida-
.
—
BM
[Known 607-627.
(holotype, not seen). to us from ceae. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 77:
&
Henrich. 1987. Notes on Cipura
E.
Ravenna J.
(1986).]
illustrations in
(Iridaceae) in South and Central America, and a new
Calydorea venezolensis (Ravenna) GoldbL
5.
species from Venezuela. Ann. Missouri Bot. Card.
&
Henrich, comb. nov. BASIONYM: Itysa ve-
333-340.
74:
W.
nezolensis Ravenna, Nord. Bot. 6: 584. Herbert, 1840. Gelasine a zurea; Calydorea. Bot.
J.
Ravenna Mag. 66: 3779.
1986. TYPE: Venezuela. Guarico:
t.
1843a. 138. Calydorea, Edwards's Bot. Reg.,
avenna .
Misc. Matter 29: 85.
[Known from
us only the illustrations in
to
1843b. Eleutherine anomala. Edwards's Bot.
.
the protologue.] Reg. 29: 57.
t.
& &
An
6. Calydorea amabilis (Ravenna) GoldbL Kenton, A. P. Rudall. 1987. unusual case of
ama- complex heterozygosity in Gelasine azurea (Irida-
Henrich, comb. nov. BASIONYM: Catilla
ceae), and implications for reproductive biology.
its
Ravenna, Nord. 197. 1983.
Bot, 3:
bilis J.
95-103.
Trends
Evol.
PI. 1:
Ravenna
3
TYPE: Argentina, Entre-Rios, (ho-
Molseed, 1971. The genus Tigridia (Iridaceae) of
E.
[Known
Ravenna
lotype. Herb. not seen). to Mexico and Central America. Univ. California Publ.
1-113.
and Bot. 54:
us from the illustrations in the protologue
Ravenna, P. 1977. Notas sobre Iridaceae V. Not. Mens.
from hving material.]
Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. (Santiago) 21(249): 7-9.
1979. Ainea, new genus of Iridaceae from
a
.
467-469.
Literature Cited Mexico. Not. 132:
Bot.
A new
1981a. submerged species of Cypella
.
Baker, G. 1876. Systema Iridacearum. Linn. Soc.
J. J.
new
and genus
(Iridaceae), a section for the (s. sir.).
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Handbook George
1892. of the Irideae. Bell
.
1981b. Eight new species and two new sub-
&
.
London.
Sons,
13-22.
Cypella Wrightia
species of (Iridaceae). 7:
&
Bentham, G. D. Hooker. 1883. Genera Plan-
J.
new
1983. Catila and Onira, two genera of
.
tarum 3 London.
(2).
— 197-
South American Iridaceae. Nord. Bot. 3:
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1945. IIL Contr.
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Gray Herb. 155:
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1984. Gelasine
delimitation of (Irida-
.
Goldblatt, 1974. Revision of the bulbous Iridaceae
P.
and uruguaiensis nov. from Uruguay.
ceae), G. sp.
373-385.
of North America. Brittonia 27:
347-350.
Nord.
Bot. 4:
J.
1977. Herbertia (Iridaceae) reinstated as a
. new
1986. Itysa and Lethia, two genera of
.
generic name. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 64:
valid
581-588.
neotropical Iridaceae. Nord. Bot. 6:
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378-379.
Small, E. 1931. Bartram's Ixia coelestina redis-
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and
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