Table Of ContentCalcimu
Aluminate
Cements
ORGANIZIN G COMMITTE E
RJ. Mangabhai, (Chairma)n THTechnoloyg Ltd
R. Mangabhai graduadte in Applide Chemistyr from Salfdor Universyi tin 1987
and was a Researhc Assistta nat teh Universyi tfrom 1978-19,8 3carrygi nout
researhc on cementitiso umateria. lFsrmo 1985-189 8he was at Kings' Colleeg
London carrygi nout reseahr con cement grout, spermeabilyi tof concree tand he
organizde a one day seminra on calorimeyt rof cemenst in 198.6 Frmo 198¬8
1989 he was at Queen Mary and Westfide lColleeg London. He joinde TH
Technology Ltd, R&D Center in 1998 where he si a Materisa lTechnologi.s t
Dr S.A. Jeffer, iQsueen Mary and Westfied l Colleeg
Dr Jeffes rwias at Kings' Colleeg London, in teh Departmetn of Civli
Engineerign from 1986 ot 198.9 On closue rof teh Kings' Departmetn he
transferdr eot Queen Mary and Westfide lColleeg where he si a Reade.r He has
been involvde in materisa lreseahr cover 20 year. sHe has a particur lianterte s
in groust fro boht structul raand geotechnil caapplicati.o nHes has been much
involvde in teh use of hihg alumian cement groutgi nin offsheo rstructu.r es
Dr C.H. Fentima,n Lafareg Specila Cements Ltd
Dr Fentimna graduadte from teh Norht Eats London Polytechcn iin 1967 wiht a
degree in Geolog.y Frmo theer he moved ot Birkbekc Colleeg London where he
undertoko an MSc in crystallogrya pphriro ot undertakgi ncement reseahr c
leadign ot a PhD in 198.0 He subsequenyt lworked at teh Lafareg Specila
Cement Co. Ltd, firsy tals Development Scientt iasnd sinec 1968 as Technicla
Manager, throughot uthsi tiem he has maintainde a keen interte sin cement
researc.h
DrP.F.G. Banfi,l lUniversiy tof Liverpolo
Dr Banfil lgraduadte in chemisyt rfrom Southamptno Universyi tin 197.2 Aftre
two yeasr in teh chemicla indusyt rhe moved ot Liverpol oUniversyi tand
undertoko reseahr cin construcnt iomaterisa lfro a PhD degre. eHe has been a
lecturr etheer fro 11 yeasr in teh School of Architecet uarnd Buildign
Engineerin. gHis reseahr cinteres sater mainyl in teh arae of fres chement and
concret, ewhere he si teh authro of many papesr on rheoloyg and chemisyt rof
admixture.s
Dr J..H Sharp, Universiy tof Sheffide l
Dr Shapr obtainde teh degrese of BSc and PhD in Chemistyr from teh
Universiyt of Nottingha.m He thne spetn two yeasr in teh Materisa lResearhc
Laboratoyr at teh Pennsylvaan iStaet Universi, taynd one yera as ICI Researhc
Fellwo at teh Universi tofy Aberdee.n He became a lecturr ein Ceramisc at teh
Universiyt of Sheffide lin 1966 and was promotde ot seniro lecturr ein 197.3 He
servde as Dean of teh Faculy tof Materisa lfrom 1985-.8 7He has carrdi eout
researhc on teh chemisyt rof cement, sincludgi ncalcmiu aluminaet cement,s
for teh lats 15 year.s
Calcimu
Aluminate
Cements
Proceedinsg of the Internatiol naSymposium
held at Queen Mary and Westfied lColleg,e
Universiyt of London, 9-11 Juyl 199,0 and
dedicatde ot the laet Dr H.G. Midgley
Edited by
R.J. MANGABHA I
TH Technoloyg Ltd, R & D Center
Taylor & Francs i
Taylor & Francs iGroup
LONDON AND NEW YORK
Publishde by Taylro & Francsi
2 Park Squar,e Miltno Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN
270 Madison Ave, New York NY 10061
First editino 1990
Transferrde to Digitl aPrintig n2006
© 1990 Taylor & Francsi
ISBN 0 419 15200 8 (HB)
All righs treserve. dNo patr of thsi publicatni omay be reproducde
or transmitt, edin any fomr or by any means, electron, ic
mechanica,l photocopyin, grecordgi nor otherwis, eor storde in
any retriel vasystme of any natur, ewithotu the writtne permissino
of the copyrigt hholdre and the publishe, rapplicatni ofor which
shall be made ot the publishe. r
Britihs Librayr Catalogugi nin Publicatni oData
A CIP cataloge urecodr for thsi book is
availabe l from the Britih sLibrar.y
Printde and bound by Antony Rowe Ltd, Eastbouren
Contents
Prefaec ix
Dr H.G. Midgleys' papesr on calcimu aluminaet cemenst xiii
List of abbreviatiso n xv
High alumina cement in constructni -oa futuer basde on
experienec 1
H.G. MIDGLEY
PAR T ONE CLINKER 15
2 Effet cof morpholoyg on the hydratino characteriss tic
of hihg alumina cemenst 17
I.N. CHAKRABORTY , S. NARAYANAN , D. VENKATESWARAN ,
S.K. BISWAS, A.K. CHATTERJEE
3 High alumina cemenst basde on calcimu aluminaet clinkre
with differte nphase compositiso nand sintergi ndegrese 2 7
J. SAWKO W
PAR T TWO HYDRATIO N 39
4 Microstructul rdaevelopmetn in pastse of a calcim u
aluminaet cement 41
K.L. SCRIVENER, H.F.W. TAYLOR
5 Investigatsi oofn the compositni oof phasse formed in lwo
cement castabsl edurign hydratino and aftr ethermla treatmet n 5 2
W . GESSNER, S. MOHMEL , J. KIESER, M. HAWECKE R
6 Effet cof temperateu ron settgi ntime of calcimu aluminaet
cements 65
A. CAPMAS , D. SORRENTINO , D. DAMEDO T
7 The use of nuclera magnetci resonanec (NMR) in the stuyd
of hihg alumina cement hydratino 81
DJ. GREENSLADE , D..J WILLIAMSO N
v
8 On the change of microstrucet udrurign the hydratino of
monocalcimu aluminaet at 20° and 50C°
W . GESSNER, R. TRETTIN, A. RETTEL, D. MULLER
PAR T THREE ADMIXTURE S
9 The influeen cof superplasticgi saidnmixturse on ciment
fondu mortasr
S.M. GILL, P.F..G BANFILL, B. EL-JAZAIRI
10 The effet cof admixturse on the hydratino of refractyo r
calcimu aluminaet cemenst
J.H. SHARP, S.M. BUSHNELL-WATSON , D.R. PAYNE, P.A. WARD
11 Propertsi eof fres hmortasr made with hihg alumian cement
and admixturse for marine environmetn
N.C. BAKER, P.F..G BANFILL
PAR T FOUR CALORIMETR Y
12 Role of foreing catios nin solutni oon the hydratino kinetsi c
of hihg alumina cement
M . MURAT , EL. H. SADOK
13 Calorimetcr situdis eon hihg alumina cement in the presenec
of chlori,d esulphaet and seawatre solutiso n
D.L. GRIFFITHS, A.N..F AL-QASER, R..J MANGABHA I
PAR T FIVE DURABILITY
14 Manufactuer and performanec of aluminosu cemen:t
a new perspectei v
C.M.GEORG E
15 Long-temr performanec of hihg alumina cement concree t
in sulphate-beagr iennvironmenst
N.J. CRAMMON D
16 Behavioru of hihg alumina cement in chlorie dsolutiso n
W . KURDOWSKI , L. TAC2UK, B. TRYBALSK A
vi
17 Acidci corrosni oof hihg alumian cement
J.P. BAYOUX , J.. PLETOURNEUX , S. MARC D ARGENT ,
M.VERSCHAEV E
18 The effte cof limestoe nfill eorns sulphae tresistae ncof hihg
alumina cement compositse
W.GPIAST A
PAR T SIX BLENDE D SYSTEM S
19 Hydratino of calcmiu aluminats ein presenec of granuladt e
blastfurnea cslga
A.J. MAJUMDAR , R.N. EDMONDS , B. SINGH
20 The effte cof curign conditiso non teh hydratni oand strenhg t
development in fondu :slga
C.H. FENTIMAN , S. RASHID, J.. PBAYOUX , A. BONIN, M. TESTUD
21 The microstrucet uorf blastfuren acslag/hhi galumian
cement pastse
I.G. RICHARDSON , G W. GROVE S
22 Effesc tof microsila iocn conversni oof hihg alumian cement
S. BENTSEN, A. SELTVEIT, B. SANDBER G
23 Study of teh hydratni opropertsi eof aluminosu cement and
calcimu sulphae tmixes
J.P. BAYOUX , A. BONIN, S. MARC D ARGENT , A. MATHIEU
M . VERSCHAEV E
24 Ettringite-db acseemenst
S.A. BROOKS , J..H SHARP
PAR T SEVEN MISCELLANEOU S
25 Effesc tof autoclavgi non teh strenhg tof hardende calcmi u
aluminaet cemenst
A. SARANDILY , R. BAGGOT T
vii
26 Effet cof temperateu rries on propertsi eof hihg alumina
cement grotu
S. A. JEFFERI,S RJ. MANGABHA I
27 Activatni oof hydraulc ipropertsi eof the compound
Ca0.2AI0
2 3
T.W. SONG , S.H. CHOI, K.S. HAN
Index
viii
Prefaec
Calcium aluminaet cement,s alos known as hihg alumian cemenst
(HAC), aer a raneg of cemenst in which calcimu aluminats eaer the
principla constitue.n ts
The fir sptatetn was takne out by Bied in 190,9 who was working fro J.
and A. Pavni de Lafareg at Le Tei,l Franec and it was made by fusign
togethre a bauxiet or othre aluminosu and ferruginso umateril alwo in
silic, awith lime in proportiso not giev a 40 per cent Al0 clinkr erihc in
2 3
calcimu aluminaet (CaO.Al0).
2 3
Calcium aluminaet cement was firt sintrodudc einot the UK in teh
1920s and manufacturde by Lafareg at West Thurrokc on teh Norht bank
of the River Thames, 30 milse eats of London. A market was rapidyl
establisdh edue ot the cements' rapdi earyl strenhg tdevelopmetn and ist
refractyo rproperti. esThe latrt eeventuayl llde ot teh developmetn of
cements with highre puriyt and even highre alumian contens tof up ot
80 per cen.t During the 1960, sti was discovedr ethta the rapdi hardenign
propertis ecoudl shortne turnaroudn time in the manufactuer of precats
concreet unit. sHowever, becaues of the use of some poor mix desigsn
and highre water/cemet nrati,o sa fwe wideyl publicidz efailusr eensude
as a resut lof which, HAC was effectiyv eblanned in the 1970.s
However, othre major applicatis onhave continude ot develo.p
Calcium aluminaet cemenst aer used fro many specil aapplicatis onin
the constructi, ocnivl iengineergi nand refracyt orindustri, ebsecaues of
their abilyi tot gani strenhg t rapidyl and ot withstadn aggressei v
environmenst and hihg temperatur. esThe latrt eprovidse some of the
most sophisticda teuses particulya rwlith the developmetn of lwo
cement castabsl ewhich, livign up ot theri name, have cement contenst
well belwo 10 per cen.t Another specil aapplicatni ois in mine packin;g
this uses a two sluryr systme (oen containgi ncalcimu aluminaet cement
and the othre containgi nlim,e anhydrie tand bentoni)t ewhich sest
rapidyl and contais nno less thna 91 per cent by volume of wate.r
Researhc has been carrdi eout on the propertsi eof calcimu aluminaet
cements in variosu countri. esIn 198,2 a seminra on teh subjet cwas hedl
at the Universyi tof Turi.n Sinec the,n developmenst have takne plaec
particulayr lin mine packin,g lwo cement castabl, esteh use of admix-
tures and blendde systesm and more recent,l yteh advent of calcim u
aluminaet cement and blastfurne acslga mixe.s
During thsi perio, da consideraeb lcontributni oot teh understandgi n
of the behavioru and propertsi eof calcimu aluminaet cemenst was made
ix
