C# game programming : for serious game creation

426 Pages·2011·4.336 MB·English

by  Daniel Schuller, Emi Smith

C# Game
Programming: For
Serious Game
Creation
Daniel Schuller
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ForSeriousGameCreation
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 12 11 10
Contents
Introduction ..................................................xii
PARTI BACKGROUND ........................................ 1
Chapter1 TheHistoryofC# ...................................... 3
C#Basics...................................................... 3
VersionsofC# ............................................... 5
C#2.0 ....................................................5
Generics............................................... 5
AnonymousDelegates................................... 9
C#3.0 ...................................................10
LINQ ................................................. 10
LambdaFunctions...................................... 12
ObjectInitializers ...................................... 12
CollectionInitializers ................................... 12
LocalVariableTypeInferenceandAnonymousTypes........ 13
C#4.0 ...................................................14
DynamicObjects....................................... 14
OptionalParametersandNamedArguments............... 15
Summary .................................................... 17
Chapter2 Introducing OpenGL .................................. 19
ArchitectureofOpenGL........................................ 21
Vertices—TheBuildingBlocksof3DGraphics ...................21
vi
Contents vii
ThePipeline................................................22
OpenGLIsChanging........................................... 24
OpenGLES.................................................25
WebGL ....................................................25
OpenGLandtheGraphicsCard.................................. 25
Shaders—ProgramsontheGraphicsCard.......................27
TheTaoFramework ........................................... 28
Summary .................................................... 30
Chapter3 ModernMethods..................................... 31
PragmaticProgramming ....................................... 31
GameProgrammingTraps....................................32
KISS.......................................................32
DRY.......................................................32
C++.....................................................36
SourceControl..............................................37
UsingSourceControl ......................................39
UnitTesting................................................40
TestDrivenDevelopment ..................................44
UnitTestinginC#.........................................44
Summary .................................................... 44
PARTII IMPLEMENTATION.................................... 47
Chapter4 Setup ............................................... 49
IntroducingVisualStudioExpress—AFreeIDEforC#............... 49
AQuickHelloWorld.........................................50
VisualStudioExpressTips ....................................53
AutomaticRefactoringandCodeGeneration .................53
Renaming............................................. 54
CreatingFunctions ..................................... 56
SeparatingChunksofCode.............................. 57
Shortcuts ................................................60
Subversion,anEasySourceControlSolution ...................... 60
WheretoGetIt.............................................60
Installation.................................................60
CreatingtheRepository......................................60
AddingtotheRepository ....................................64
History ....................................................67
viii Contents
ExtendingHelloWorld.......................................68
Tao ......................................................... 69
NUnit ....................................................... 71
UsingNUnitwithaProject ...................................72
RunningTests ..............................................75
AnExampleProject..........................................76
Summary .................................................... 80
Chapter5 TheGameLoopandGraphics........................... 81
HowDoGamesWork?......................................... 81
ACloserLookattheGameLoop ..............................82
ImplementingaFastGameLoopinC# ........................... 82
AddingHigh-PrecisionTiming ................................89
Graphics..................................................... 91
FullScreenMode............................................94
Rendering .................................................96
ClearingtheBackground...................................96
Vertices..................................................98
Triangles.................................................99
ColoringandSpinningtheTriangle.........................101
Summary ................................................... 103
Chapter6 GameStructure ..................................... 105
TheBasicPatternofaGameObject............................. 105
HandlingGameState......................................... 106
GameStateDemo............................................ 112
SettingtheScenewithProjections.............................. 114
FormSizeandOpenGLViewportSize .........................114
AspectRatio...............................................116
TheProjectionMatrix.......................................117
2DGraphics ...............................................117
Sprites...................................................... 120
PositioningtheSprite.......................................124
ManagingTextureswithDevIl ...............................125
TexturedSprites ...........................................131
AlphaBlendingSprites......................................134
ColorModulatingSprites....................................136
ASpriteandRendererClass..................................136
UsingtheSpriteClass.......................................143
Contents ix
Chapter7 RenderingText...................................... 145
FontTextures................................................ 145
FontData................................................... 148
ParsingtheFontData.......................................149
UsingtheCharacterData....................................151
RenderingText .............................................. 154
CalculatingtheFPS.........................................155
V-SyncandFrame-Rate .....................................158
Profiling..................................................159
RefiningtheTextClass........................................ 159
FasterRenderingwithglDrawArrays............................ 165
ModifyingtheRenderer ....................................168
ProfilingtheBatchDrawMethod.............................169
Summary ................................................... 169
Chapter8 GameMath......................................... 171
TrigonometricFunctions ...................................... 171
PlottingaGraph...........................................171
TrigonometricFunctionsforSpecialEffects ....................176
Vectors..................................................... 179
WhatIsaVector? ..........................................179
TheLengthOperation ......................................181
VectorEquality ............................................182
VectorAddition,Subtraction,andMultiplication ...............184
NormalVectors............................................187
TheDotProductOperation..................................191
TheCross-ProductOperation ................................194
FinishingTouchestotheVectorStructure......................196
Two-DimensionalIntersection ................................. 197
Circles....................................................197
Rectangles................................................203
Tweens..................................................... 206
AnOverviewofTweening...................................206
TheTweenClass ...........................................208
UsingTweens..............................................211
Matrices.................................................... 213
WhatIsaMatrix? ..........................................214
TheIdentityMatrix.........................................215
Matrix-MatrixandVector-MatrixMultiplication ................217
x Contents
TranslatingandScaling .....................................218
Rotation..................................................220
Inverse ...................................................221
MatrixOperationsonSprites ................................222
ModifyingtheSpritetoUseMatrices..........................225
Optimization..............................................226
Chapter9 MakingtheGameEngine............................. 229
ANewGameEngineProject................................... 229
ExtendingtheGameEngine................................... 233
UsingtheGameEngineinaProject...........................233
MultipleTextures ..........................................242
AddingSoundSupport ....................................... 246
CreatingSoundFiles........................................246
DevelopingaSoundManager................................247
ImprovingInput ............................................. 259
WrappingGameControllers.................................259
AddingBetterMouseSupport ...............................276
AddingKeyboardSupport...................................284
Chapter10 ASimpleSide-ScrollingShootingGame................. 289
ASimpleGame .............................................. 289
TheFirstImplementationPass.................................. 290
TheStartMenuState.......................................294
TheInnerGameState.......................................308
TheGameOverState.......................................311
DevelopingtheInnerGame ................................... 314
MovingthePlayerCharacter.................................315
FakingMovementwithaScrollingBackground.................320
AddingSomeSimpleEnemies................................323
IntroducingSimpleWeapons ................................334
DamageandExplosions.....................................343
ManagingExplosionsandEnemies ...........................353
LevelDefinitions...........................................359
EnemyMovement..........................................363
EnemyAttacks.............................................375
ContinuingIterations......................................... 380
Contents xi
Chapter11 CreatingYourOwnGame............................. 385
ProjectManagement ......................................... 385
DisplayMethods............................................. 388
2DGames.................................................388
3DGames.................................................388
TypesofGames.............................................. 392
TextGames ...............................................392
PuzzleGames..............................................394
First-PersonShooterGames..................................397
StrategyGames............................................399
Role-PlayingGames ........................................401
RoguelikeGames ........................................401
Tile-BasedRole-PlayingGames.............................402
3DRole-PlayingGames ...................................405
PlatformGames............................................407
FinalWords ................................................. 410
AppendixA RecommendedReading .............................. 411
ThePracticeofProgramming .................................. 411
TheC#LanguageandSoftwareArchitecture..................... 412
MathandGraphicsProgramming .............................. 412
OpenGL .................................................... 413
Index........................................................... 415
Introduction
I want to help you make your game.
Everyonehasagreatgameidea,butthepathfrominitialideatofinishedproduct
isnotaclearone.Thereareanintimidatingnumberofprogramminglanguages,
libraries, and production methods. Evenexperienced game developers often fail
torealizetheirvision.Withoutagoodsolidarchitecture,gamecodemaybecome
so complicated that a developer drowns in the complexity. The more complex
the code, the harderthe game becomes to change or continue developing.
This book shows how to write simple, clean, reliable code by developing two
basic games. These games are built using the C# programming language and
OpenGL. C# is a modern, high-level programming language, so writing code is
faster, with fewer programming warts to avoid. OpenGL is as close as the game
industry has to a standard way to display graphics. When the book is finished,
you’llhaveanexcellentcodebasetodevelopandgrow,pursuingyourownideas.
In the first part of the book you’ll find a broad overview of the methodologies
and libraries used to build great games. The second part introduces how to use
these libraries and how to create your own reusable game library. You’ll also
learn how to develop a simple scrolling shooter game, and then you’ll be pro-
vided with some suggestions and tips for developing your own great game idea.
The included CD has everything that you will need to start developing games.
Everycodesnippetinthebookhasthefullsourcecodeandprogramincludedon
xii
CD-ROMDownloads xiii
theCD.Therearealsosomesimplegameassetsandacollectionoflinkstouseful
game development and graphics websites.
CD-ROM Downloads
Ifyou purchased an ebook version of this book, and the book had a companion
CD-ROM, we will mail you a copy of the disc. Please send ptrsupplements@
cengage.com the title of the book, the ISBN, your name, address, and phone
number.Thankyou.