C# 3.0 Unleashed: With the .NET Framework 3.5

1056 Pages·2008·9.762 MB·English

by  Mayo, Joe

Joe Mayo
C# 3.0
With the .NET Framework 3.5
U N L E A S H E D
Second Edition
800 East 96th Street,Indianapolis,Indiana 46240 USA
C# 3.0 Unleashed Editor-in-Chief
With the .NET Framework 3.5 Karen Gettman
Copyright © 2008 by Pearson Education,Inc.
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All rights reserved. No part of this book shall be reproduced,stored in a retrieval
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ISBN-13: 978-0-672-32981-4
ISBN-10: 0-672-32981-6 Managing Editor
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Mayo,Joseph.
Project Editor
C# 3.0 unleashed : with the .NET Framework 3.5 / Joe Mayo. — 1st ed.
Andrew Beaster
p. cm.
ISBN 978-0-672-32981-4
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1. C# (Computer program language) 2. Microsoft .NET Framework. I.
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Title.
QA76.73.C154M38 2008
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006.7’882—dc22
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2008026117
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First Printing June 2008 San Dee Phillips
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Contents at a Glance
Introduction...................................................................................1
Part 1 Learning C# Basics
1 Introducing the .NET Platform...........................................................9
2 Getting Started with C# and Visual Studio 2008..................................19
3 Writing C# Expressions and Statements.............................................49
4 Understanding Reference Types and Value Types.................................79
5 Manipulating Strings.....................................................................105
6 Arrays and Enums........................................................................131
7 Debugging Applications with Visual Studio 2008...............................147
Part 2 Object-Oriented Programming with C#
8 Designing Objects ........................................................................163
9 Designing Object-Oriented Programs...............................................177
10 Coding Methods and Custom Operators...........................................201
11 Error and Exception Handling........................................................231
12 Event-Based Programming with Delegates and Events.........................249
13 Naming and Organizing Types with Namespaces...............................273
14 Implementing Abstract Classes and Interfaces...................................287
Part 3 Applying Advanced C# Language Features
15 Managing Object Lifetime..............................................................319
16 Declaring Attributes and Examining Code with Reflection...................339
17 Parameterizing Type with Generics and Writing Iterators....................365
18 Using Lambda Expressions and Expression Trees................................397
Part 4 Learning LINQ and .NET Data Access
19 Accessing Data with LINQ..............................................................409
20 Managing Data with ADO.NET.......................................................441
21 Manipulating XML Data................................................................461
22 Creating Data Abstractions with the ADO.NET Entity Framework.........475
23 Working with Data in the Cloud with ADO.NET Data Services.............491
Part 5 Building Desktop User Interfaces
24 Taking Console Applications to the Limit.........................................507
25 Writing Windows Forms Applications..............................................515
26 Creating Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF) Applications..........547
Part 6 Designing Web User Interfaces
27 Building Web Applications with ASP.NET .........................................583
28 Adding Interactivity to Your Web Apps with ASP.NET AJAX.................619
29 Crafting Rich Web Applications with Silverlight................................641
Part 7 Communicating with .NET Technologies
30 Using .NET Network Communications Technologies..........................661
31 Building Windows Service Applications............................................679
32 Remoting....................................................................................695
33 Writing Traditional ASMX Web Services...........................................713
34 Creating Web and Services with WCF..............................................725
Part 8 Examining .NET Application Architecture and Design
35 Using the Visual Studio 2008 Class Designer.....................................743
36 Sampling Design Patterns in C#......................................................755
37 Building N-Tier/Layer Systems........................................................779
38 Automating Logic with Windows Workflow......................................797
Part 9 Surveying More of the .NET Framework Class Library
39 Managing Processes and Threads.....................................................817
40 Localizing and Globalization..........................................................831
41 Performing Interop (P/Invoke and COM) and Writing Unsafe Code......853
42 Instrumenting Applications with System.Diagnostics Types.................879
Part 10 Deploying Code
43 Assemblies and Versioning.............................................................921
44 Securing Code..............................................................................933
45 Creating Visual Studio 2008 Setup Projects.......................................947
46 Deploying Desktop Applications.....................................................955
47 Publishing Web Applications..........................................................961
Part 11 Appendixes
A Compiling Programs.....................................................................969
B Getting Help with the .NET Framework............................................973
Index.........................................................................................977
Table of Contents
Introduction 1
Why This Book Is for You..................................................................2
Organization and Goals....................................................................3
Part 1 Learning C# Basics
1 Introducing the .NET Platform 9
What Is .NET?.................................................................................9
The Common Language Runtime (CLR).............................................11
Why Is the CLR Important?.....................................................11
CLR Features.........................................................................12
The CLR Execution Process......................................................12
The .NET Framework Class Library (FCL)............................................14
C# and Other .NET Languages..........................................................16
The Common Type System (CTS)......................................................17
The Common Language Specification (CLS).......................................17
Summary......................................................................................17
2 Getting Started with C# and Visual Studio 2008 19
Writing a Simple C# Program...........................................................19
Creating a Visual Studio 2008 (VS2008) Project...................................23
Running the New Project Wizard..............................................23
Understanding Solutions and Projects........................................26
Coding in VS2008..................................................................27
Building and Running Applications...........................................28
Setting Compiler Options........................................................31
Commenting Code.........................................................................32
Multiline Comments...............................................................32
Single-Line Comments............................................................32
XML Documentation Comments..............................................33
Identifiers and Keywords.................................................................35
Identifiers.............................................................................35
Keywords..............................................................................36
Convention and Style.....................................................................37
Variables and Types........................................................................38
Variables...............................................................................38
The Simple Types...................................................................39
The string Type......................................................................43
Definite Assignment.......................................................................44
vi Contents
Interacting with Programs...............................................................45
Console Screen Communications..............................................45
Command-Line Communications.............................................45
Command-Line Options with VS2008........................................46
Returning Values from Your Program.........................................47
Summary......................................................................................48
3 Writing C# Expressions and Statements 49
C# Operators.................................................................................49
Unary Operators....................................................................49
Binary Operators....................................................................52
Relational Operators...............................................................54
Logical Operators...................................................................56
Assignment Operators.............................................................59
The Ternary Operator..............................................................60
Other Operators.....................................................................60
Statements....................................................................................62
Blocks and Scope...........................................................................63
Labels..........................................................................................63
Operator Precedence and Associativity...............................................64
Selection and Looping Statements.....................................................65
ifStatements........................................................................65
switchStatements..................................................................67
C# Loops..............................................................................69
gotoStatements.....................................................................74
breakStatements ...................................................................75
continueStatements...............................................................76
returnStatements..................................................................76
Summary......................................................................................77
4 Understanding Reference Types and Value Types 79
A Quick Introduction to Reference Types and Value Types....................79
The Unified Type System.................................................................80
How the Unified Type System Works.........................................80
Usingobjectfor Generic Programming.....................................82
Performance Implications of Boxing and Unboxing.....................83
Reference Type and Value Type Memory Allocation.............................85
Reference Type Memory Allocation...........................................86
Value Type Memory Allocation.................................................86
Reference Type and Value Type Assignment........................................88
Reference Type Assignment......................................................88
Value Type Assignment...........................................................91
More Differences Between Reference Types and Value Types..................92
Inheritance Differences Between Reference Types
and Value Types...................................................................92
Contents vii
Construction and Finalization Differences Between Reference
Types and Value Types..........................................................93
Object Size Considerations for Reference Types
and Value Types...................................................................94
C# and .NET Framework Types.........................................................94
C# Aliases and the CTS............................................................95
UsingSystem.Guid.................................................................95
Working with System.DateTime................................................97
Nullable Types.............................................................................102
Summary....................................................................................103
5 Manipulating Strings 105
The C# String Type.......................................................................105
Formatting Strings................................................................106
Comparing Strings................................................................109
Checking for String Equality...................................................110
Concatenating Strings...........................................................111
Copying Strings....................................................................112
Inspecting String Content......................................................113
Extracting String Information.................................................114
Padding and Trimming String Output......................................115
Modifying String Content......................................................117
Splitting and Joining Strings...................................................118
Working with String Characters..............................................119
Affecting CLR String Handling via the Intern Pool.....................121
TheStringBuilderClass...............................................................122
TheAppendMethod..............................................................123
TheAppendFormatMethod.....................................................123
TheEnsureCapacityMethod..................................................123
TheToString()Method........................................................124
Regular Expressions......................................................................124
Basic Regular Expression Operations........................................125
More Regular Expressions.......................................................126
Application for Practicing Regular Expressions...........................127
Summary....................................................................................129
6 Arrays and Enums 131
Arrays.........................................................................................131
Single-Dimension Arrays........................................................132
Multidimension Arrays..........................................................134
Jagged Arrays.......................................................................135
TheSystem.ArrayClass.................................................................137
Array Bounds.......................................................................137
Searching and Sorting............................................................138
viii Contents
Using Enum Types........................................................................139
The System.Enum struct................................................................142
Converting Between Enum Types, Ints, and Strings....................142
Iterating Through Enum Type Members...................................144
OtherSystem.EnumMembers..................................................144
Summary....................................................................................145
7 Debugging Applications with Visual Studio 2008 147
Stepping Through Code.................................................................147
The Debugger Demo Program.................................................147
Setting Breakpoints...............................................................148
Examining Program State.......................................................149
Stepping Through Code.........................................................150
Extra Must-Have Debugging Commands...................................152
Using the Debugger to Find a Program Error.............................152
Attaching to Processes...........................................................156
Summary....................................................................................159
Part 2 Object-Oriented Programming with C#
8 Designing Objects 163
Object Members...........................................................................163
Instance and Static Members..........................................................164
Fields.........................................................................................165
Constant Fields....................................................................165
readonlyFields....................................................................166
Methods.....................................................................................166
Properties....................................................................................167
Declaring Properties..............................................................167
Using Properties...................................................................167
Auto-Implemented Properties.................................................168
The VS2008 Property Snippet .................................................169
Indexers......................................................................................169
Reviewing Where Partial Types Fit In...............................................170
Static Classes...............................................................................171
TheSystem.ObjectClass...............................................................172
Checking an Object’s Type.....................................................172
Comparing References...........................................................172
Checking Equality................................................................173
Getting Hash Values..............................................................173
Cloning Objects...................................................................173
Using Objects as Strings.........................................................174
Summary....................................................................................175
Contents ix
9 Designing Object-Oriented Programs 177
Inheritance..................................................................................178
Base Classes.........................................................................178
Calling Base Class Members....................................................179
Hiding Base Class Members....................................................180
Versioning...........................................................................180
Sealed Classes ......................................................................183
Encapsulating Object Internals.......................................................184
Data Hiding.........................................................................185
Modifiers Supporting Encapsulation.........................................185
Access Modifiers for Objects...................................................188
Containment and Inheritance ................................................190
Polymorphism.............................................................................190
Examining Problems That Polymorphism Solves........................190
Solving Problems with Polymorphism......................................193
Polymorphic Properties..........................................................196
Polymorphic Indexers ...........................................................196
OverridingSystem.ObjectClass Members................................197
Summary....................................................................................200
10 Coding Methods and Custom Operators 201
Methods.....................................................................................202
Defining Methods.................................................................202
Local Variables.....................................................................203
Method Parameters...............................................................204
Overloading Methods....................................................................210
Overloading Operators..................................................................213
Mathematical Operator Overloads for Custom Types..................213
Logical Operator Overloads on Custom Types............................215
Additional Operator Overload Tips..........................................217
Conversions and Conversion Operator Overloads..............................218
Implicit Versus Explicit Conversions........................................219
Custom Value Type Conversion Operators................................222
Custom Reference Type Conversion Operators...........................225
Partial Methods............................................................................227
Extension Methods.......................................................................228
Summary....................................................................................230
11 Error and Exception Handling 231
Why Exception Handling?.............................................................232
Exception Handler Syntax: The Basic try/catchBlock........................232
Ensuring Resource Cleanup with finallyBlocks................................234
Handling Exceptions.....................................................................235
Handling Different Exception Types.........................................236