Business and Politics in Europe, 1900-1970: Essays in Honour of Alice Teichova

356 Pages·2003·2.1 MB·English

by  Terry Gourvish

Business and Politics in Europe, 1900–1970
Therehasbeenincreasinginterestinrecentyearsinestablishingconnec-
tionsbetweenthepoliticalhistoryandthebusinesshistoryofEuropein
thetwentiethcentury.Thisbookincludesnewresearchontheinterac-
tionsofpoliticians,businessmenandtheirinstitutionsineightcountries,
withparticularfocusonthehighlychargedinter-warperiod.
Fourteen essays cover subjects under four main headings: the
business–politics paradigm; banking finance; business and politics in
theNationalSocialistperiod;andthebusinesscommunityandthestate.
Togethertheyformafittingtributetotheacademicscholarshipandin-
spiration offered by Alice Teichova. In her distinguished career, and
in particular since the publication of her path-breaking book An Eco-
nomicBackgroundtoMunich in1974,shehasdonemuchtostimulate
acollaborativeapproachtointernationalcomparativeworkinthefield
ofeconomic,politicalandbusinesshistory.Thecasestudiespresented
heredemonstrateherconsiderablelegacytothesubject.
  is Director of the Business History Unit, London
SchoolofEconomicsandPoliticalScience.
ProfessorAliceTeichovaandDrMikula´sˇTeich
Business and Politics in
Europe, 1900–1970
Essays in Honour of Alice Teichova
Editedby
Terry Gourvish
         
ThePittBuilding,TrumpingtonStreet,Cambridge,UnitedKingdom
  
TheEdinburghBuilding,Cambridge,CB22RU,UK
40West20thStreet,NewYork,NY10011–4211,USA
477WilliamstownRoad,PortMelbourne,VIC3207,Australia
RuizdeAlarco´n13,28014Madrid,Spain
DockHouse,TheWaterfront,CapeTown8001,SouthAfrica
http://www.cambridge.org
(cid:1)C CambridgeUniversityPress2003
Thisbookisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception
andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements,
noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithout
thewrittenpermissionofCambridgeUniversityPress.
Firstpublished2003
PrintedintheUnitedKingdomattheUniversityPress,Cambridge
TypefacePlantin10/12pt. SystemLATEX2ε []
AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary
ISBN0521823447hardback
Contents
Listoffigures pagevii
Listoftables viii
Listofcontributors ix
Preface xi
1 Introduction:thebusiness–governmentrelationship 1
 
PartI Thebusiness–politicsparadigm
2 Businessandgovernmentintwentieth-century
Sweden:ataleofincomeredistributionand
rent-seeking? 17
 
3 AneconomicbackgroundtoBerchtesgaden:business
andeconomicpolicyinAustriainthe1930s 42
 
4 Business,politicsandrevolutioninearly
twentieth-centuryIreland 63
 
PartII Bankingfinance
5 BankersandpoliticsinBelgiuminthe
twentiethcentury 89
 - 
6 Centralbankco-operationandRomanianstabilisation,
1926–1929 106
 
v
vi Contents
7 Government,thebanksandindustryininter-war
Britain 145
 
PartIII BusinessandpoliticsintheNational
Socialistperiod
8 GermanbusinessandtheNaziNewOrder 171
 . 
9 ‘Aryanisation’inCentralEurope,1933–1939:a
preliminaryaccountforGermany(the‘Altreich’),
Austriaandthe‘Sudeten’area 187
 ,   
 
10 TheGildemeesterOrganisationforAssistanceto
EmigrantsandtheexpulsionofJewsfromVienna,
1938–1942 215
 
11 DeutscheLufthansaandtheGermanstate,1926–1941 246
 
PartIV Thebusinesscommunityandthestate
12 GovernmentandindustryinAustriainthe1930s 269
 -
13 Businessandpolitics:thestateandnetworksinGreece 289
 
14 Economicefficiencyandnationality:theSiemens
subsidiaryElektrotechnainthefirstCzechoslovakian
Republic 307
 
Appendix AliceTeichova:aselectbibliography 325
Index 333
Figures
3.1 AustrianGDP,1920–37,at1937prices page46
3.2 UnemploymentinAustria,1919–39 53
4.1 Irelandatpartition(December1920) 69
10.1 DepartmentalstructureoftheGildemeesterofficeat
No.7Wollzeile,Vienna,1938 223
10.2 DepartmentsandactivitiesoftheAuswanderungshilfsaktion
fu¨rnichtmosaischeJudeninderOstmark,1940 236
vii
Tables
3.1 Macro-economicindicatorsduringtheGreat
Depression,1929–33 page47
3.2 AustrianGNPbysector,1929–37 48
3.3 ComponentsofAustrianGDP,1913–44 49
3.4 Indexofaggregateforeigntrade 50
3.5 Thebalanceoftradebysector,1924–37 51
3.6 Budgetaryexpenditureon‘productiveunemployment
relief’,1935–7 57
4.1 TradeoftheIrishFreeState,1924–30 65
6.1 IndicesofRomanianinflation,1913–28 108
11.1 Scheduledoperationalandfinancialperformanceof
DeutscheLufthansaandImperialAirways/BOAC,
1924–41 248
14.1 NationalityofsalariedemployeesintheElektrotechna
companies,1January1932 312
viii
Contributors
 ,UniversityofNewOrleansandEconomicsUniversity,
Vienna
 ,MaxPlanckInstituteforEuropeanLegalHistory,
Frankfurt,andTechnicalUniversityofDresden
 ,UniversityofLeicester
 ,UniversityofPatras
 -,AustrianStateArchives,Vienna
 ,LondonSchoolofEconomicsandPoliticalScience
 - ,FreeUniversityofBrussels
 ,StockholmSchoolofEconomics
 ,UniversityofNottingham
 ,EconomicsUniversity,Vienna
 ,UniversityofReading
 ,UniversityoftheWestofEngland
 ,Ruhr-UniversityofBochum
 . ,King’sCollegeLondon
 ,TechnicalUniversity,Dresden
 ,Ruhr-UniversityofBochum
ix