Business and Human Rights: Beyond the End of the Beginning

222 Pages·2017·2.556 MB·English

by  César Rodriguez-Garavito (editor)

business and human rights
BeyondtheEndoftheBeginning
Theregulationofbusinessintheglobaleconomyposesoneofthemainchallengesfor
governance,asillustratedbythedynamicscholarlyandpolicydebatesabouttheUN
GuidingPrinciplesonBusinessandHumanRightsandapossibleinternationaltreaty
onthematter.Thisbooktakesontheconceptualandlegalunderpinningsofglobal
governance approaches to business and human rights, with an emphasis on the
GuidingPrinciples(GPs)andattentiontothecurrenttreatyprocess.Analysesofthe
GPshavetendedtofocusontheirstaticdimension,suchasthestandardstheyinclude,
ratherthanontheircapacitytochange,topushthedevelopmentofnewnormsand
practicesthatmightgobeyondtheinitialcontentoftheGPsandimprovecorporate
compliance with human rights. This book engages both the static and dynamic
dimensions of the GPs, and considers the issue through the eyes of scholars and
practitionersfromdifferentpartsoftheworld.
Ce´sar Rodr´ıguez-Garavito is Executive Director of the Center for Law, Justice, and
Society(Dejusticia),anddirectoroftheGlobalJusticeandHumanRightsprogramat
theUniversityoftheAndes(Colombia).HeisthefoundingdirectoroftheHumanRights
LabandcodirectoroftheGlobalSchoolonSocioeconomicRights.Hewritesaweekly
op-edfortheColombiannewspaperElEspectador.
GLOBALIZATIONANDHUMANRIGHTS
SeriesEditors
MalcolmLangford
Ce´sarRodrı´guez-Garavito
ForthcomingBooksintheSeries
JeremyPerelman,TheRights-ificationofDevelopment:GlobalPoverty,HumanRights,
andGlobalizationinthePost-WashingtonConsensus
KatherineG.Young,TheFutureofEconomicandSocialRights
Business and Human Rights
beyond the end of the beginning
editedby
´ ´
CESAR RODRIGUEZ-GARAVITO
Dejusticia&UniversityoftheAndes
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www.cambridge.org
Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9781107175297
doi: 10.1017/9781316797990
©CambridgeUniversityPress2017
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Contents
ListofContributors pagevii
Acknowledgments xi
Introduction:ADialogueAcrossDividesintheBusiness
andHumanRightsField 1
Ce´sarRodr´ıguez-Garavito
part i global governance meets business and human
rights: conceptual debates and regulatory
alternatives 9
1 BusinessandHumanRights:BeyondtheEndoftheBeginning 11
Ce´sarRodr´ıguez-Garavito
2 HierarchyorEcosystem?RegulatingHumanRightsRisksof
MultinationalEnterprises 46
JohnGerardRuggie
3 BusinessandHumanRights:TimetoMoveBeyondthe“Present”? 62
SuryaDeva
4 Putting“HumanRights”BackintotheUNGuidingPrincipleson
BusinessandHumanRights:ShiftingFramesandEmbedding
ParticipationRights 76
TaraJ.Melish
5 FromGuidingPrinciplestoInterpretiveOrganizations:Developing
aFrameworkforApplyingtheUNGPstoDisputesThat
InstitutionalizestheAdvocacyRoleofCivilSociety 97
LarryCata´ Backer
v
vi Contents
6 ATreatyonBusinessandHumanRights?ARecurringDebatein
aNewGovernanceLandscape 111
ClaretVargas
part ii the practice of business and human rights:
advocacy and regulatory strategies 127
7 ShiftingPoweronBusinessandHumanRights:States,Corporations
andCivilSocietyinGlobalGovernance 129
ChrisJochnick
8 AlwaysinAllWays:EnsuringBusinessRespectforHumanRights 138
AmolMehra
9 WhatNextforBusinessandHumanRights?ASocialMovement
Approach 150
LouisBickford
10 RegulatoryEnvironmentonBusinessandHumanRights:
PathsattheInternationalLevelandIdeasabouttheRoles
forCivilSocietyGroups 160
JuanaKweitel
11 CommittingtheCrimeofPoverty:TheNextPhaseoftheBusiness
andHumanRightsDebate 173
BonitaMeyersfeld
Conclusions:WhithertheBusinessandHumanRightsField?
AnEcosystemicView 186
Ce´sarRodrı´guez-Garavito
Index 200
Contributors
Larry Cata´ Backer is the W. Richard and Mary Eshelman Faculty Scholar and
professor of law and international affairs at Pennsylvania State University. His
research focuses on governance-related issues of globalization and the
constitutional theories of public and private governance, with a focus on
institutional frameworks for public-private law governance systems. Recent work
focuses on issues of corporate social responsibility, mixed regulatory systems and
regulatory governance, the emerging problems of polycentricity where multiple
systems might be simultaneously applied to a single issue or event, and problems
of translation between Western and Marxist-Leninist (especially Chinese)
constitutionalsystems.Heteachescoursesincorporatelaw,transnationallaw,and
international organizations. His publications include Lawyers Making Meaning
(2013) and Signs in Law, A Source Book (2014) (both with Jan M. Broekman),
casebooks, Elements of Law and the U.S: Legal System (2017), Law and Religion
(2015,withFrankRavitch),ComparativeCorporateLaw(2002),HarmonizingLawin
anEraofGlobalization(editor,2007),andanumberofarticlesandcontributionsto
publishedcollectionsofessays.Hiswork,especiallyonChineseconstitutionallaw
andcorporatesocialresponsibility,hasbeentranslatedintoChinese.
Louis Bickford is the CEO of MEMRIA, a social enterprise which develops
partnerships with organizations to collect, analyze, and circulate narrative
accountsofpastviolencewiththeaimofstrengtheninghumanrights.From2012–
2017, he managed the Global Human Rights program at the Ford Foundation.
Beforethat,heworkedattheInternationalCentreforTransitionalJustice(ICTJ),
wherehewasamongthefoundingstaffmembersandwherehedevelopedworkon
memoryandaccountability incountriesasdiverseasBosnia,Cambodia,Canada,
Ghana,Morocco,andPeru,amongothers.HelaterworkedatRFKHumanRights
asamemberoftheexecutiveleadershipteam,andasthedirectoroftheEuropean
office. He has consulted with various national and international institutions
including the United Nations and various philanthropic foundations in every
world region. Bickford is also an adjunct professor at Columbia University and
NYU, where he teaches regular graduate seminars on human rights. He has a
vii
viii ListofContributors
PhD from McGill University and an MA from the New School, both in Political
Science.
Surya Deva is an associate professor at the School of Law ofthe City University of
Hong Kong, and a member of the UN Working Group on Business and Human
Rights. Deva’s primary research interests lie in business and human rights, India-
Chinaconstitutionallaw,andsustainabledevelopment.Hehaspublishedextensively
intheseareas,andhasadvisedUNbodies,states,multinationalcorporations,andcivil
society organizations on issues concerning business and human rights. His books
includeSocio-EconomicRightsinEmergingFreeMarkets:ComparativeInsightsfrom
Indiaand China(editor)(Routledge, 2015);Human RightsObligationsofBusiness:
BeyondtheCorporateResponsibilitytoRespect?(coeditorwithDavidBilchitz)(CUP,
2013); Confronting Capital Punishment in Asia: Human Rights, Politics, Public
Opinion and Practices (coeditor with Roger Hood) (OUP, 2013); and Regulating
Corporate Human Rights Violations:Humanizing Business (Routledge,2012).He is
oneofthefoundingeditors-in-chiefoftheBusinessandHumanRightsJournal(CUP),
andsitsontheeditorial/advisoryboardoftheNetherlandsQuarterlyofHumanRights,
and the Vienna Journal on International Constitutional Law. In 2014, Deva was
elected a member of the executive committee of the International Association of
ConstitutionalLaw.
ChrisJochnickispresidentandCEOofLandesa,aglobalorganizationdedicatedto
strengthening land rights for the rural poor. He has worked for three decades on
issuesofhumanrights,development,andcorporateresponsibility,includingseven
yearsinLatinAmerica.PriortoLandesa,JochnickledandbuiltOxfamAmerica’s
private sector team, managing both partnerships with, and adversarial campaigns
targeting, Fortune 500 companies. He cofounded and led two human rights
organizations, the Center for Economic and Social Rights (NY) and the Centro
deDerechosEconomicosySociales(Ecuador).Healsoworkedasanattorneywith
theWallStreetlawfirmofPaul,Weiss,Rifkind,Wharton,andGarrison.Jochnickis
aformerfellowoftheMacArthurFoundationandtheEchoingGreenFoundation.
HeisagraduateofHarvardLawSchool,whereheteachesacourseonbusinessand
humanrights.
JuanaKweitelisexecutivedirectorofConectasHumanRights.Shehasamaster’sin
internationalhumanrightslawfromtheUniversityofEssex,UnitedKingdom,andin
politicalsciencefromtheUniversityofSaoPaulo.Sheholdsapostgraduatedegreein
humanrightsanddemocratictransitionfromtheUniversityofChile,andaJDfrom
theUniversityofBuenosAires(UBA).SheservesontheboardoftrusteesofGlobal
Witness, the Brazil Human Rights Fund, and the advisory board of Open Global
Rights.SheisamemberoftheAssemblyofPartnersoftheCenterforLegalandSocial
Studies (CELS, Argentina) and of the Developments in the Field Panel of the
BusinessandHumanRightsJournal,publishedbytheCambridgeUniversityPress.