Building Terrorism Resistant Communities: Together Against Terrorism, Volume 55 NATO Science for Peace and Security Series - E: Human and Societal Dynamics ... Security, E: Human and Societal Dynamics)

369 Pages·2009·4 MB·English

by  S. Ekici

BUILDING TERRORISM RESISTANT COMMUNITIES
NATO Science for Peace and Security Series
This Series presents the results of scientific meetings supported under the NATO Programme:
Science for Peace and Security (SPS).
The NATO SPS Programme supports meetings in the following Key Priority areas: (1) Defence
Against Terrorism; (2) Countering other Threats to Security and (3) NATO, Partner and
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collects together the results of these meetings. The meetings are co-organized by scientists from
NATO countries and scientists from NATO’s “Partner” or “Mediterranean Dialogue” countries.
The observations and recommendations made at the meetings, as well as the contents of the
volumes in the Series, reflect those of participants and contributors only; they should not
necessarily be regarded as reflecting NATO views or policy.
Advanced Study Institutes (ASI) are high-level tutorial courses to convey the latest
developments in a subject to an advanced-level audience.
Advanced Research Workshops (ARW) are expert meetings where an intense but informal
exchange of views at the frontiers of a subject aims at identifying directions for future action.
Following a transformation of the programme in 2006 the Series has been re-named and re-
organised. Recent volumes on topics not related to security, which result from meetings
supported under the programme earlier, may be found in the NATO Science Series.
The Series is published by IOS Press, Amsterdam, and Springer Science and Business Media,
Dordrecht, in conjunction with the NATO Public Diplomacy Division.
Sub-Series
A. Chemistry and Biology Springer Science and Business Media
B. Physics and Biophysics Springer Science and Business Media
C. Environmental Security Springer Science and Business Media
D. Information and Communication Security IOS Press
E. Human and Societal Dynamics IOS Press
http://www.nato.int/science
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Sub-Series E: Human and Societal Dynamics – Vol. 55 ISSN 1874-6276
Building Terrorism Resistant
Communities
Together Against Terrorism
Edited by
Sıddık Ekici
University of North Texas
Police Major, Turkish National Police
Ahmet Ekici
Chief Superintendent, Turkish National Police
David A. McEntire
University of North Texas
Richard H. Ward
University of New Haven
and
Sudha S. Arlikatti
University of North Texas
Amsterdam • Berlin • Tokyo • Washington, DC
Published in cooperation with NATO Public Diplomacy Division
Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Together against Terrorism:
Building Terrorism Resistant Communities
Washington D.C., USA
26–27 September 2008
© 2009 IOS Press.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system,
or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without prior written permission from the publisher.
ISBN 978-1-60750-006-3
Library of Congress Control Number: 2009924873
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Building Terrorism Resistant Communities v
S. Ekici et al. (Eds.)
IOS Press, 2009
© 2009 IOS Press. All rights reserved.
Preface
This book includes the proceedings of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization’s
(NATO) 2008 Advanced Research Workshop (ARW), titled “Together against Terror-
ism: Building Terrorism Resistant Communities.” The workshop was held in Washing-
ton D.C. on September 26–27, 2008, and was planned and organized by Sıddık Ekici
from Turkey and Lindita Caci from Albania, with excellent sponsorship from NATO.
This event was also co-sponsored by the University of North Texas (UNT); the College
of Public Affairs and Community Service (PACS) at UNT; and the Department of Pub-
lic Administration (PADM) at UNT.
Distinguished participants representing twelve different countries (from the aca-
demia and law enforcement communities) were in attendance. The goal of the meeting
was to explore methods to involve the community in the fight against terrorism in an
effort to enhance its protection from terrorist attacks and to establish a network be-
tween the participants for future collaborations. Not only was there a comprehensive
series of highly relevant presentations on strengthening the community against terror-
ism, but the meeting also provided an opportunity to share mutual concerns and meet
academicians and practitioners in the field.
The workshop was organized around two main topics:
1. Defining the problem of terrorism and collective community protection
2. Counter-terrorism practices and their relation to the community
On the first topic, attendees presented their studies related, in particular, to why
terrorism exists and why people join and/or support extremist groups. Although the
studies were problem-oriented, at the conclusion of each presentation, suggestions were
offered on how to diminish the threat. The second topic represented studies that primar-
ily focused on developing non-orthodox methods to combat terrorism. In other words,
the researchers presented their arguments as to why communities should be included in
the fight against terrorism. In addition, suggestions were made concerning how this
integration could be achieved and what kind of limitations could exist in the coopera-
tion between law enforcement and the community.
Following the classification of studies received, the articles contained in this book
were categorized into three parts:
1. Terrorism and its Causes
2. Organizational and Structural Approaches to Terrorism
3. Civil Society and Counter Terrorism Operations
It is hoped that this book will be a guide for policy makers and practitioners to gain
a better understanding of how counter terrorism, as well as many other applications,
require community support and involvement to the fullest extent possible. Because the
existing threat of terrorism is proof of the failed classical militaristic approaches,
the time has come to integrate our communities into the practice of fighting the threat
vi
together. Certainly, the integration of communities in counter terrorism policies bears
some limitations. Therefore, attempts to counter terrorism together with our communi-
ties should be in accordance with the suggestions and recommendations offered in such
and/or possible future studies.
Sıddık Ekici
March 2009
vii
About the Editors
Sıddık Ekici, ABD, is a Police Major in the Turkish National Police. He received his
M.S. degree from the Criminal Justice Department at the University of North Texas.
His Ph.D. studies are focused on human needs that cause individuals to join terror
groups in general and specific groups in particular. He is the author of Family Dynam-
ics and the Runaway Problem: An Assessment on the Impact of Family Dynamics on
the Runaway Problem among Teenagers, and the Co-Editor of Understanding and Re-
sponding to Terrorism. His research interest includes: security, policy development and
emergency management studies. [email protected]
Dr. Ahmet Ekici is a Chief Superintendent in the Turkish National Police. He has been
in the agency for 15 years. He obtained his M.A at Kent State University, Ohio and
Ph.D. at Sam Houston State University, TX. His studies are focused on policing issues,
ethics, and management.
Dr. David A. McEntire is an Associate Dean in the College of Public Affairs and
Community Service. He teaches emergency management in the Department of Public
Administration. He is the author of Introduction to Homeland Security: Understanding
Terrorism with an Emergency Management Perspective (Wiley). His research interests
include emergency management theory, disaster response, homeland security, and in-
ternational disasters. [email protected].
Dr. Richard Ward is currently the Dean of the Henry C. Lee College of Criminal Jus-
tice and Forensic Sciences. A former New York City Detective, besides numerous
other books and articles on international crime and terrorism he is the co-author of:
Criminal Investigation: A Method for Reconstructing the Past (5th edition); and Home-
land Security: An Introduction. [email protected]
Dr. Sudha S. Arlikatti is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Public Admini-
stration at the University of North Texas. Her research interests include environ-
mental hazards mitigation and management, spatial analysis, and sustainable develop-
ment. She has published in premier environmental and disaster management journals
including Environmental Management, Environment and Behavior, International
Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters, Risk Analysis and Disasters.
[email protected]
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Principal Contributors
Sudha ARLIKATTI
University of North Texas
Alain-Michel AYACHE
Université du Québec à Montréal (UQÀM)
Fatih BALCI
University of Utah
Erik CASE
University of North Texas
Fatih DEMIROZ
University of Central Florida
Ahmet EKICI
Turkish National Police
Sıddık EKICI
University of North Texas
I. Sevki ELDIVAN
Rutgers University
Orhan ERDEM
Turkish National Police
Malatya Junior Police College
Vladimir FEDORENKO
George Mason University
Silvia CIOTTI GALLETTI
EuroCrime Research Institute – Italy
St. John International University
Nadir GERGIN
Virginia Commonwealth University
Ira GROSSMAN
Winbourne and Costas Inc., USA