Table Of Content
BUILDING
CONSTRUCTION
HANDBOOK
Sixth edition
R. Chudley
MCIOB
and
R. Greeno
BA (Hons) FCIOB FIPHE FRSA
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Firstedition1998
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Fourthedition2001
Fifthedition2004
Sixthedition2006
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06 07 08 09 10 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
CONTENTS
Preface vii
Part One General
Built environment 2
The structure 5
Primary and secondary elements 12
Component parts and functions 15
Construction activities 18
Construction documents 19
Construction drawings 20
Building surveys 27
Method statement and programming 31
Weights and densities of building materials 33
Drawings – notations 35
Planning application 39
Modular coordination 44
Construction regulations 46
CDM regulations 47
Safety signs and symbols 48
Building Regulations 50
British Standards 56
European Standards 57
CPI System of Coding 59
CI/SfB system of coding 60
Part Two SiteWorks
Site survey 63
Site investigations 64
Soil investigation 66
Soil assessment and testing 73
Site layout considerations 80
Site security 83
Site lighting and electrical supply 86
Site office accommodation 90
Materials storage 93
Materials testing 98
Protection orders for trees and structures 105
Locating public utility services 106
Setting out 107
Contents
Levels and angles 111
Road construction 114
Tubular scaffolding and scaffolding systems 122
Shoring systems 134
Part Three BuildersPlant
General considerations 144
Bulldozers 147
Scrapers 148
Graders 149
Tractor shovels 150
Excavators 151
Transport vehicles 156
Hoists 159
Rubble chutes and skips 161
Cranes 162
Concreting plant 174
Part Four Substructure
Foundations–function, materials and sizing 183
Foundation beds 192
Short bored pile foundations 198
Foundation types and selection 200
Piled foundations 205
Retaining walls 223
Basement construction 242
Waterproofing basements 245
Excavations 251
Concrete production 257
Cofferdams 263
Caissons 265
Underpinning 267
Ground water control 278
Soil stabilisation and improvement 286
Reclamation of waste land 291
Contaminated sub-soil treatment 292
Part Five Superstructure
Choice of materials 296
Brick and block walls 297
Damp-proof courses and membranes 317
Gas resistant membranes 324
Calculated brickwork 326
Mortars 329
Arches and openings 332
Contents
Windows, glass and glazing 339
Domestic and industrial doors 361
Crosswall construction 370
Timber frame construction 372
Steel frame construction 374
Reinforced concrete framed structures 386
Reinforcement types 390
Formwork 393
Precast concrete frames 398
Structural steelwork 409
Portal frames 422
Composite timber beams 430
Multi-storey structures 432
Roofs – basic forms 434
Pitched and flat roofs 438
Plain tiling 445
Single lap tiling 451
Slating 453
Dormer windows 462
Dry and wet rot 471
Long span roofs 479
Shell roof construction 485
Rooflights 494
Cladding to external walls 498
Panel walls 501
Rainscreen cladding 505
Structural glazing 507
Curtain walling 508
Concrete claddings 512
Thermal insulation 517
Thermal bridging 536
Access for the disabled 540
Part Six InternalConstruction andFinishes
Internal elements 545
Internal walls 546
Construction joints 551
Partitions 552
Plasters and plastering 557
Dry lining techniques 559
Wall tiling 563
Domestic floors and finishes 565
Large cast insitu ground floors 571
Concrete floor screeds 573
Timber suspended floors 575
Lateral restraint 578
Contents
Timber beam design 581
Reinforced concrete suspended floors 583
Precast concrete floors 588
Raised access floors 591
Sound insulation 592
Timber, concrete and metal stairs 597
Internal doors 620
Doorsets 623
Fire resisting doors 624
Plasterboard ceilings 629
Suspended ceilings 630
Paints and painting 634
Joinery production 638
Composite boarding 643
Plastics in building 645
Part Seven Domestic Services
Drainage effluents 648
Subsoil drainage 649
Surface water removal 651
Road drainage 654
Rainwater installations 658
Drainage systems 660
Drainage pipe sizes and gradients 668
Water supply 669
Cold water installations 671
Hot water installations 673
Flow controls 676
Cisterns and cylinders 677
Pipework joints 679
Sanitary fittings 680
Single and ventilated stack systems 683
Domestic hot water heating systems 686
Electrical supply and installation 690
Gas supply and gas fires 699
Services–fire stops and seals 703
Open fireplaces and flues 704
Telephone installations 713
Electronic communications installations 714
Index 715
PREFACE
This book presents the basic concepts of techniques of building construction,
mainly by means of drawings illustrating typical construction details, processes
and concepts. I have chosen this method because it reflects the primary means of
communication on site between building designer and building contractor – the
construction drawing or detail. It must be stressed that the drawings used here
represent typical details, chosen to illustrate particular points of building
construction or technology; they do not constitute the alpha and omega of any
buildingsdesign,detailorprocess.Theprinciplestheyillustratemusttherefore,in
reality,beappliedtothedataoftheparticular problemorsituationencountered.
This new edition has been revised by Roger Greeno, in line with current building
regulations.
Readerswhowanttopursuetogreaterdepthanyofthetopicstreatedherewill
find many useful sources of information in specialist textbooks, research reports,
manufacturer’s literature, codes of practice and similar publications. One such
subject is building services, which are dealt with here only in so far as they are
applicable to domestic dwellings. A comparable but much wider treatment of
services is given in Building Services Handbook by F. Hall and R. Greeno, also
published by Butterworth-Heinemann.
Inconclusion,Ihopethatthisbookwillnotonlyitselfproveusefulandhelpful
tothereader,butwillactasastimulustotheobservationofactualbuildingsand
the study of works in progress. In this way the understanding gained here will be
continually broadened and deepened by experience.
R.C.
PREFACE TO SIXTH EDITION
Thisnewedition enlarges and updates the previous edition.It includes numerous
revisions, amendments and additions in line with ongoing practice and legislative
changes. Notwithstanding the progressive changes, traditional techniques are
retained in support of established construction methods, as much of today’s
construction is related to restoration and repair of our heritage.
Included are features of construction that are designed to economise and
manage the use of fuel energy in buildings and limit the effect on atmospheric
pollution. This incorporates high efficiency heating equipment (see also the
companion volume Building Services Handbook), thermal envelope, air-tightness
of structure and reference to carbon emissions. Some coverage of human rights
issues with regard to the less able is also included, with respect to access into
buildings and the use of facilities therein.
Constructionisadiverseindustry,thereforethebook’scontentisbynomeans
extensivenorisitintendedtobeprescriptive,astherearemanypracticalsolutions
toachievingdesignobjectives.BydefinitionthispublicationisaHandbook,andas
such it provides guidance through simple illustrations and comprehensive text.
Furtherreadingisencouragedand,whereappropriate,subjectsareprovidedwith
supplementary reference sources.
R.G.
1 GENERAL
BUILT ENVIRONMENT
THE STRUCTURE
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY ELEMENTS
CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES
CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTS
CONSTRUCTION DRAWINGS
BUILDING SURVEY
CDM REGULATIONS
SAFETY SIGNS AND SYMBOLS
PLANNING APPLICATION
MODULAR COORDINATION
CONSTRUCTION REGULATIONS
BUILDING REGULATIONS
BRITISH STANDARDS
EUROPEAN STANDARDS
CPI SYSTEM OF CODING
CI/SFB SYSTEM OF CODING
1
