Buddhas and Kami in Japan: Honji Suijaku as a Combinatory Paradigm

382 Pages·2003·2.835 MB·English

by  Mark Teeuwen

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BUDDHAS AND KAMI
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IN JAPAN
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13111 This volume offers a multidisciplinary approach to the combinatory tradi-
4 tions that dominated pre-modern and early modern Japanese religion.
5 Common to these traditions is the fact that they are based on the notion
6 of honji suijaku (“the original forms of deities and their local traces”),
7 which defines local deities as manifestations of universal divinities. The
8 authors question received accounts of the interaction between Japanese
9 Buddhism and Shinto, and present a more dynamic and variegated religious
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1 constitute one-to-one associations, but complex combinatory networks based
2 on semiotic operations, doctrines, myths, and legends.
3 The book’s chapters, all based on specific case studies, discuss the honji
4 suijakuparadigm from a number of different perspectives, always combining
5 historical and doctrinal analysis with interpretive insights.
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8 Mark Teeuwenteaches at the University of Oslo, Norway. He specializes in
9 the history of Shinto.
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1 Fabio Rambelli teaches at Sapporo University, Japan. He specializes in the
2 history of Buddhism, particularly esoteric Buddhism in Japan.
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6 IN JAPAN
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Honji suijaku as a combinatory paradigm
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Edited by Mark Teeuwen
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and Fabio Rambelli
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First published 2003
by RoutledgeCurzon
11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE
Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada
by RoutledgeCurzon
29 West 35th Street, New York, NY 10001
This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2003.
RoutledgeCurzon is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group
© 2003 editorial matter and selection, the editors;
individual chapters, the contributors
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be
reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any
electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter
invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any
information storage or retrieval system, without
permission in writing from the publishers.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Buddhas and kami in Japan: honji suijaku as a combinatory
paradigm/edited by Mark Teeuwen and Fabio Rambelli.
p.cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
1. Shinto—Relations—Buddhism. 2. Buddhism—Relations—
Shinto. I. Teeuwen, Mark. II. Rambelli, Fabio.
BL2222.23.B83 2002
299′.561172–dc21 2002026936
ISBN 0-203-22025-0 Master e-book ISBN
ISBN 0-203-27524-1 (Adobe eReader Format)
ISBN 0–415–29747–8 (Print Edition)
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CONTENTS
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13111 Contributors vii
4 Acknowledgments viii
5 Preface ix
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1 Introduction: combinatory religion and the honji suijaku
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paradigm in pre-modern Japan 1
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MARK TEEUWEN AND FABIO RAMBELLI
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1 2 From thunder child to Dharma-protector: Døjø høshi and
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the Buddhist appropriation of Japanese local deities 54
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IRENE H. LIN
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5 3 The source of oracular speech: absence? presence?
6 or plain treachery? The case of Hachiman Usa-g¨
7 gotakusensh¨ 77
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ALLAN GRAPARD
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1 SATØ HIROO
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3 5 The creation of a honji suijaku deity: Amaterasu as the
4 Judge of the Dead 115
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MARK TEEUWEN
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7 6 Honji suijaku and the logic of combinatory deities:
8 two case studies 145
9 IYANAGA NOBUMI
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1 7 Wild words and syncretic deities: kyøgen kigo and honji suijaku
2 in medieval literary allegoresis 177
3 SUSAN BLAKELEY KLEIN
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CONTENTS
8 “Both parts” or “only one”? Challenges to the honji
suijaku paradigm in the Edo period 204
BERNHARD SCHEID
9 Hokke Shinto: kami in the Nichiren tradition 222
LUCIA DOLCE
10 Honji suijaku at work: religion, economics, and ideology
in pre-modern Japan 255
FABIO RAMBELLI
11 The interaction between Buddhist and Shinto traditions
at Suwa Shrine 287
INOUE TAKAMI
12 Dancing the doctrine: honji suijaku thought in kagura
performances 313
IRIT AVERBUCH
Bibliography 333
Index 355
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CONTRIBUTORS
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13111 Irit Averbuch Senior Lecturer, Tel Aviv University, Israel
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Lucia Dolce Lecturer in Japanese Religions, School of Oriental and African
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Studies, University of London, UK
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7 Allan Grapard ISF Professor of Shinto Studies, University of California,
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Sato¯ Hiroo Professor, Tøhoku University, Japan
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1 Susan Blakeley Klein Associate Professor, University of California, Irvine,
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Irene H. Lin Ph.D., Stanford University, US
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5 Iyanaga Nobumi Lecturer, Tokyo University, Japan
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Fabio Rambelli Associate Professor, Department of Cultural Studies,
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Sapporo University, Japan
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9 Bernhard Scheid Researcher, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna,
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Inoue Takami Doctoral candidate, University of California, Santa Barbara,
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4 Mark Teeuwen Professor, University of Oslo, Norway
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The editors are grateful to the International Shinto Foundation for a grant
that enabled them to write the Introduction and to complete their respective
chapters for this book. Thanks are also due to the Nara National Museum for
kindly supplying the cover picture and granting permission to reproduce it.
Thanks are due to the Institute for Nichiren Studies (Nichiren kyøgaku
kenky¨jo) of RisshøUniversity, Tokyo, for kindly supplying the photographs
of the two paintings of the sanj¨banjin, and granting permission to repro-
duce them; Takamori Daijø and Tsumori Kiichi, of the same Institute, for
their help in finding the photographs; Honpøji, Kyoto, Jitsujøji, Aichi prefec-
ture, and the Nagoya Municipal Museum, for permission to use the images.
Thanks are also due to the Nagano Prefectural Museum of History and the
Suwa City Museum for permission to reproduce the maps of Suwa Upper
Shrine.
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PREFACE
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13111 Japanese and Chinese personal names are given in the traditional order, with
4 the family name first. For Japanese names and terms, the Hepburn tran-
5 scription is used; Chinese names and terms are given in pinyin, followed, if
6 relevant, by the Japanese reading. Characters are given in the text only when
7 this is deemed necessary for the argument, or when the characters are so
8 obscure as to be difficult to find in reference works and dictionaries.
9 Dates prior to 1873 are given according to the traditional lunar calendar,
20111 and have not been changed to corresponding solar dates. Therefore, “the fifth
1 month of 1590” does not coincide with May 1590 in the solar calendar. For
2 the sake of brevity, dates are sometimes given in numbers, e.g. Jøwa 1
3 (834)/4/26. This stands for the first year of Jøwa (834), 4th month, 26th day.
4 Finally, a note on periodisation. A number of conventional period names
5 are used in the text, sometimes without dates. For easy reference, these dates
6 are listed here:
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8 Nara period: 710–794
9 Heian period: 794–1185
30111 Kamakura period: 1185–1333
1 Muromachi period: 1336–1568
2 Edo period: 1600–1867
3 Meiji period: 1868–1912
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