Bubbly Flows: Analysis, Modelling and Calculation

353 Pages·2004·16.62 MB·English

by  Prof. Dr.-Ing. Martin Sommerfeld (auth.)

Heat and Mass Transfer
Series Editors: D. Mewes and F. Mayinger
Springer-Verlag Engineering ONLINE LIBRARY
Berlin Heidelberg
GmbH http://www.springer.de/engine/
Martin Sommerfeld (Ed.)
Bubbly Flows
Analysis, Modelling and Calculation
With 194 Figures
Series Editors
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dieter Mewes Prof. em. Dr.-Ing. E.h. Franz Mayinger
Universität Hannover Technische Universität München
Institut für Verfahrenstechnik Lehrstuhl für Thermodynamik
Callinstr. 36 Boltzmannstr. 15
30167 Hannover, Germany 85748 Garching, Germany
Editor
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Martin Sommerfeld
Universität Halle-Wittenberg
Fachbereich Ingenieurwissenschaften
Institut für Verfahrenstechnik
06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication-Data
Bubbly flows : analysis, modelling, and calculation / Martin Sommerfeld (ed.).
p. cm. (Heat and mass transfer)
Includes bibliographical references.
ISBN 978-3-642-62150-5
1. Multiphase flow. 2. Bubbles. I. Sommerfeld, Martin. II. Series.
TP156.F6B83 2004
66o'.2832--dc22
ISBN 978-3-642-62150-5 ISBN 978-3-642-18540-3 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-18540-3
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Originally published by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York in 2004
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Preface
Thepriority research ,,Analysis,Modelling andNumerical Calculations ofMul
tiphase Flows" was running for 6years (from 1996to 2002) and financially sup
ported bytheDeutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFG).Themainobjective ofthe
research programme was to provide a better understanding ofthe physical basis
for multiphase gas-liquid flows as they are found in numerous chemical and bio
chemical reactors. The research comprised steady and unsteady multiphase flows
in three frequently found reactor configurations,namely bubble columns without
interiors, loop reactors, and aerated stirred vessels. For this purpose,new and im
proved measurement techniques should be developed. From the resulting knowl
edge and data, new and refined models for describing the underlying physical
processes should result, which canbeused fortheestablishmentandimprovement
of analytic as well as numerical methods for predicting multiphase reactors.
Thereby, the development, lay-out and scale-up ofsuch processes should be pos
sibleonamorereliable basis.
Forachieving this objective threeresearch areasweredefined:
• development and improvement ofexperimental techniques which allow accu
ratemeasurements insteady andunsteady multiphase flows
• elaboration ofnew modelling approaches in order to describe the basic trans
portprocesses formass,momentum, andheat inbubbly flows
• development of analytical and numerical methods supplemented by the new
modelling strategies in order to support optimisation and lay-out oftechnical
multiphase processes.
In order to enhance cooperation within the priority research five working
groups wereestablished:
• bubble driven flowsasforexample inbubble columns andloopreactors
• three-phaseflows(i.e, gas-liquid-solidflows)
• aeratedstirred vessels
• experimental techniques
• modelling andnumerical calculations
More details about the individual projects andtheir achievements can be found
atwww-mvt.iw.uni-halle.de.Thishomepage willbemaintained forsomeperiod.
Within the priority research in total 22 projects were supported with durations
between 2and 6years.This corresponds intotalto about 105man-years ofscien
tists. The entire financial support through the DFG was about 6.9 million Euro.
The scientific outcome of the research programme was published in about 60
journalpapers and 100conferencecontributions.
v
The final colloquium ofthe priority research was held in Freyburg (Unstrut)
from 23. - 25. September 2002. During the colloquium most ofthe participants
presented the main achievements of their research effort. In addition other re
search groups working insimilar fieldswere invitedtopresent recentresearch.
The financial support ofthe final colloquium by BASF Ludwigshafen is grate
fullyacknowledged.
Prof.Dr.-Ing. M.Sommerfeld
Dr.-Ing. B.Giemoth
VI
Table of Contents
Bubbledriven flows
O.Borchersand G.Eigenberger
Detailedexperimentalstudies ongas-liquidbubbleflow inbubble
columnswith and withoutrecycle .
G.Brenn, V.Kolobaricand F.Durst
Basic experimentalinvestigationsonthehydrodynamicsofbubble
columns 11
D.Broderand M.Sommerfeld
Examinationofbubblecollisionsandcoalescenceinbubblyflows 21
Ch. Briicker and W. Schroder
PIV-Studyonbubbleinteractionand wakes inmultiphaseflows 37
S.Godo, K.Junghans,A. Lapinand A. Liibbert
Dynamicsofthe flow inbubblecolumn reactors 53
S.Scheid, S.John, O.Bork, H.Parchmann,M. Schliiter, N. Rabiger
Improvedmodel forthe calculationofhomogeneousgas-liquidflows......... 67
O.Gnotke, R.JeschkeandR.Loth
Experimentaland theoreticalinvestigationofbubblebreak-upand
coalescenceinbubblyflows 85
D.Lucas, E.Krepperand H.-M.Prasser
Experimentalinvestigationand modelingofair/waterflows invertical
pipes 101
D. Schmitzand D. Mewes
Experimentaland theoreticalinvestigationofinstationarybubbleflow
and mass transferinabubblecolumn 117
A. Seeger, U. Kertzscher,K.Affeld, L.Goubergritsand E.Wellnhofer
X-ray basedparticletrackingvelocimetryforbubblecolumnswith high
void fraction 129
Modellingand numericalcalculations
M.van SintAnnaland,N.G. DeenandJ.A.M.Kuipers
Multi-levelmodellingofdispersedgas-liquidtwo-phaseflows 139
D.Bothe, M.Koebe, K.Wielage,J.Priissand H.-J. Warnecke
Directnumericalsimulationofmass transferbetweenrising gasbubbles
and water 159
M.F.Goz and M. Sommerfeld
Analysisofbubbleinteractionsinbidispersebubbleswarms by direct
numericalsimulation 175
D.Kuzminand S.Turek
Finite elementdiscretizationtools forgas-liquidflows 191
VII
F.Lehrand D.Mewes
Atransportequationfor the interfacialarea inbubblecolumnsusing a
populationbalanceapproach 203
D. Wiemann,F.Lehrand D. Mewes
Flow fields inbubblecolumnswith mass transfer 217
Three-phaseflows
M. Behlingand D.Mewes
X-raycomputationaltomographymeasurementof3-phaseflow in
bubblecolumns 233
E.Bourloutskiand M.Sommerfeld
Euler/Lagrangecalculationsofgas-liquid-solid-flowsinbubblecolumns
with phaseinteraction 243
J.H.Enll,J.Schallenberg,V.Michele,H.Dziallas,D.C.Hempel
Local parametersofthree-phaseflow incolumnreactorswith high
dispersephasehold-up 261
S.John, S.Scheid, H. Parchmann,O.Bork,M.SchluterandN. Rabiger
Model fundamentals forthe designofthree-phaseloop reactors 275
U.Kertzscher, A. Seeger, K. Affeldand E.Wellnhofer
Simultaneousmeasurementofthe local liquidand the local solid
velocities 287
Stirred vessels
E. Gharaibahand W.Polifke
Anumericalmodel ofdispersedtwo phaseflow inaeratedstirredvessels
basedonpresumedshapenumberdensityfunctions 295
V. Ilchenko,R. Maurusand T.Sattelmayer
Influenceofthe operatingconditionson the bubblecharacteristicsinan
aeratedstirredvessel 307
F.Mayingerand O. Feldmann
Bubbledispersioninaeratedstirredvessels 319
A.F.Nassar,G. Zivkovic,B.Genengerand F.Durst
PDA measurementsand numericalsimulationofturbulenttwo-phaseflow
in stirred vessels 337
VIII
Errata
Dueto format incompatibilitythefollowingfigures
havenotbeencorrectlyprintedwithin thebook:
Page105
E 14r--.----r---.----,-,.--.....---.--.,.-~-.----r-__r~-~.....-_,
-E-
(.f..... 12 UD= 0.6
mOJ UD=16.2
10 UD=29.9
Eco UD=59.2
'5
8
OJ
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.D.
.D.:.:.l.. 6
OJ
Q.
4
C
0
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.:c:o: 2
"0
'0
> 0
2 4 6 8 10
Bubble diameter[mm]
50
UD = 0.6
~ 40 UD =16.2
£..... UD =29.9
c
0 UD=59.2
:;:::;
o 30
co
.:::
"0
'0
>
20
OJ
E ..-::'.;"'::',~
>"::0l 10 ......-.--.--" -.:..: .....:.. -:;-.:-~:---:.:-.~ .-=-----<--.........,..,...,.~.~,,',
"
,
0
0 5 10 15 20 25
Radius [mm]
Fig. 2. Bubble size distributions (upper picture) and radial gas volume fraction profiles
(lowerpicture) fordifferentdistancesfromthe gas inlet. Superficialvelocities:jl = 1.0m/s,
=
jg 0.14 m/s.
Bubbly Flows
M.Sommerfeld
ISBN3-540-4079I-X
Springer-VerlagBerlin HeidelbergNewYork2004
M. Sommerfeld (ed.), Bubbly Flows
© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2004
Page106
~ 50 ~ 20
a; a; - d<5.5mm
UD = 0.6 UD = 16.2
c 40 c - d> 5.5 mm
15
0 .Q
U 30 t3
.<;U:; .<;U:; 10
20
Q) Q)
E E 5
::l 10 ::l - - --
(5 (5
> 0 > 0
0 5 10 15 20 25 0 5 10 15 20 25
Radius[mm] Radius[mm]
~ 15 ~ 20
~ - d<5.5mm ~ UD = 59.2
c d> 5.5 mm c 15 - d<5.5 mm
n0 10 -·u0 <, <, - d> 5.5mm
<,
.<;U:; UD =29.9 .<.U.. 10 <,
Q) 5 - - - -- Q)
E E 5 ....
>(:5:l 0 <, <, >(:5:l 0 <, <,
0 5 10 15 20 25 0 5 10 15 20 25
Radius[mm] Radius[mm]
Fig.3. Radialvolumefraction profilesdecomposed fordifferent bubblessizesatfourdif-
ferent distancesfromthegasinlet. Superficial velocities:jl= 1.0m/s,jg=0.14mls.