Table Of ContentMargin Considerations for an Esaki
Diode-Resistor OR Gate*
Hy HK, GUMIMEL sal FMESMITS
An Hants aires Top, poerot sev a thrphase sup
Sunleng on gt, i onnlond. Boatiet tenga avy af the de
of 1) Th sets a och thy aceon! wazsnuin and the our
“iced cnr 0 a apyer ao he ache teat gale. 7 ¢
Sumo fw pat feat af 3. he maria 0 ey is et eet pe
amore wn! be her ha 2 et th of gies arama cpt
"Fie sarge cow be sk yur vat frm jocen lo fateout of 2, whi,
Ravens tea he opyotions fa sbi egiterd, ign, end ise
Pat cine are bing sonido tor highapoed Ig dum their
poten vally high sites nwo, Several papers re vy ape
oneal ou ube cee of Pale indesign 8846 Tr such ays
rth bstote WF clmacetstc of Ce died i utile tn ene
Thee Leal oates See” eng "tn The bas enesnt af the ode,
tipper ni hea tigger urna denied ror precious eta, heer
Trees ish of he eve sates WL. ellie, LE the vig eamrent
fot Te kept smal 8s geeptet he pur curont, lie gin eat
fe achieved, This generale svn hab the churns visting of the
Hindes be ell cvtnstod, size te lyin gain oll priniily depo
firthe margine of the dieses aul v' The eu paranelem. Const=
ently, the eons one of mann Tesi of me impor anen
Veiga olga sore
In is paver, netsiae macy osaiceratione om given for one of
the ievibel ype of Kali iar log, a duller lage powered
Fr nhgeaphaee savy! In partenie, The discussion be esis
tothe lee! sole] Ie lens sa ow ga
oT aera ate in zs Ty Rl Coro
264 em neu svsrmar Tora JOUR, SANA LOGY
‘iret, a geuceal dseript'n of the svete ll be wes Berton ID),
jollowed tga qilbaien ware ways Getiae TTD." hu Sevtion 1
Ss ws atthe geet svecea porate rly a fie Teg,
fren fore megs rd ute sltlig ie The sien eed
lene ly he squattaice man at
analyte Stn ©
etn VI The fra sul oe sco ag ena i
rong ato a fru eoeesperding to che quaeative anys whic,
pera tke mae a0 Tae the inns ‘San WET} a the om
sion (Seotion VIII} witiour studying iz dewil rhe recone i 80-
tions ¥ ara VL
"The base steve iu an Casi ivde-reser foie sonite ofa cries
Ti aie a mean, Rh apt aed pat os
ly ence stan Fg. T= Te Wan collage i hen nt a
tilt any vokage al Uke Tae nde of he eamplng nonin i gos
ae vo 9 eunmunt tisouga “he cite wish ie be ow the peal cument
‘Conseencely the dade sll eax i is ow-volege mate, Wit aie
renal eurzens sapped ta the center nod Haro one oF nee Sapte
for ostputy restora, the diedo qt be mugs eu eet te the I
Solkage state With the tins amet anh allel salen chon the pes
fament, very small “trigzee cureate ure acces,
‘Once te lial i eis herve apa sae il moa hen ee
it curt fora willows af ns ae, Tey neces Hm th
fntroat Casgh she aiece temas above the valley coorent Ze. The
estan, eum thar eax be khan i, tbereoes, the ifenns
txt the acne es fall ren Uh tlio hin
uC oneat wo che rigger euen’ conse 148 loge! gan
su dca eleanor fis Sons) PTRTOTE Rhews eepastche wanein
ianorss ror ment wuouneREatamon on GATE 21S
iy propor rei of che hus earent se earont of a eat me inp
beth come ere? sevens. se nents (W Uiger Le
Ute‘ ioe secur gy san act 22 an ow uate 4 2D pe oF
hen Toweanon gate, The wpot Wren can be connects The
vole of x shempent stage, Sins, (he igput weieaes exp powered
Som: oes previo stages, The extern ofthis prineipe lee tn
Tegel econ
Th auch s network ty howwoer, necessary to determine the dive
tion in which information wil be propemnie. One elegant method
tlio Lie poe ine supple as fepded e Ty, 2 Adjarene dice
Heese ws peveral ir ifr psec. This dinle ou pase, for
fsa, i ego ‘roids ot ps me iT Ugg 8
fle an phase
Bren in ew aniltihase oysiem “ackswitching” ea wer? To
intuit this, conser the oeeungemsent of Vig. 3.1 th tng ope
tone gate one singe in high oleace (one) esi il ger
ffllowing slope Sagres L sad 2 ae powered fos plawe 3, while
Shas ard tate powered Sons phise ne Asse tha stage Lf ip Use
vn eit a stage 2 HT “nen codons As 30
phuse ie ping, ete tall essa the “ore” eondton, S'nce stage
iis onal 19 seage 9 wil tr tag 2 int the “one” ean,
ulin in an eeroneoas ve” i ogee
Io avi such buckling, syste om gatos set be ara
Sn sue tay cot wr wll ap i fe fom stg cig
Inultiple ouput. Teel desig thet forse the iw of "nee ages,
‘ie stages wit ae pat deg tage with one inp
. iF] preaey
1 [-
- wns
216 sap pete overt nacusacus rooms, Avo 1001
we
|
r i
<p]
Pe
As pone out before, the mspuitade of the trigwerouzrent depends
a the diferenoe bobween peak current ard oice curment Thi life
tne ean Be me sal fond theroitts the ogi ga lags) both
fananetone are tightly controlled. Tar an on gate the qualtaive eect
ff pred in the puraretere on te gia wn be ready dom
rate
“Assume thot the peak eurronls Jy ofthe devices all aw se bee
toveen J, snd Jy, abe thay the bias curse fe ia surge beoween
Fon tl Ie One ea ean intcodon sash rinive vont
bok a
s D
Te
and
fanaa = Fonte e
7 -
Wa smasinn valley ener Ty gg fora dos me car fine
a valestemae™ eat
a)
As pine out or, foe tiggving deve, the tat vent heh
the fevion rst xen the pal tarmnt. 1 iy laws Cand will be
anise FoR Rasgr mowennsroR ow uae IT
Fiscal in dell in the nest scetion) ow. 2 verdve A is necessary
to crane evitehing wilh the reqeed sees, Wo thes itreduoe a rola
tise nerve
ar
saat a
Iv worntonse analysis, it rast be yabelained tha a stage giving 9
wisn taal epic encent eae oF daliveing ito each out
Diu sage rigger cure whi Testa ig as tho trigger euerent
Fes fn Che woteteae, ‘he oie) yon, eg the numberof tages
{09 that can be eset to one ouput ee be Fara By equating the
‘minima earns tha caw bw dliened nto oh o}pHe AK® Can el
fo the worstanse (pye carent (Z)- Due co the bilateral nae of
the Paki dlnde (ott and inp ane ential, this muraber ie ae
Sie of inputs pie opts (fansn” pag Taso)
"Foe cheon currents the follwing wtasizations ars intruca
fy 6
-E 6)
sal
t
vale @
i
Tor a qualities salve the wogpiinde of theca enerents is found
say hy ere ie nose ns
Tig. { shows w vallage-eatnert ehnrsteristie of 2 Keak dinde in
ching varios: Sinoe tke masini Iie eument st equal the
Tig. 1 usenor marie arly.
2n8 ome , sraTM TreMTEAT. SCRA, YANCY 1961
‘minimum: pea: eurren tke onsve spread in ing eurones (2) must le
teow the spre in ponk euros $e fr xe with she highest
ea ensrentt minha ovotiyn nae he amared, et be wc tu
‘he maxinnn peak ecaeent. From Fig. fans to the normalizs:
ager eure
atoms, @
ad fur ee Soto tpl current
wean. ®
oat +d ges the ee gals
Lo ey, ‘
reeee 9)
An evaluation af this equation il give a fi-onder etimate of the
raced nasging. This acalys, however, weglets the elects of he
penk anc valley vellagi, eich woes for am margins ill Unit he
‘ien gain under satan connie ae wi be abosmnin the max oe
fon. Far a fl evaluatinn of he magi: equacons, she reali le
‘ttn rola svansiv dan thang dst eka Ts
slg wl he given in Serving ¥. Ihe derale sncrgin enalyss
Sersion VI will xe only saad the asiahse ronsidened in (amd the
Hoot of the peal nt valley voltages, hut it alza wins the varia-
‘ons of tee rotagee vd the varttn adhe eouplng ners,
he diadersitr logic discussed ee tae at upper tin he ag
cal vin i stage chat aro to be drives have fan-out lager then their
Sania, This Initasion ie determined the magnitude of the vltagre
for che caret pk wl forthe ener rnin, sexist ever i
lpr angie the valley vrata
‘Ta dewourlewe this eEect, coer fhe eatvane re of aye Bs
fing one iron an (nm — 1) oui, Asse a view shamotertit ae
shown in Fig. 5. "The magni af the Sine cunent i deer y
‘he souition thot th sage wer evieonio. uo petted 10
‘riggere into ho hh-voleage condition if zone of ae sagge comneeted
ce ether the ings othe ori essa en he bigh-voage cl
an. Due to the bias pube ovelap wi ue previous asd te along
ages reepetivly, The ter ends af the coupling weiseas eon vary in
Soltage seuwcen geeo end Vy, the voltage a° hich the enrent asi
Thum reehed. The eoupligresieogs whose tar ends are al Fy wll
Deumuine 906 dann KEOERINEDR OR OU 219
rok shunt any’ eur, atl it as Ie sveeened that the bias eu
Fontana ne ecco cl auppl rns greater tha Tt the
dlince, With only one epling nest wing a4 aunt, the msiruon
Teun becomes
Bea ht 0)
ite (is the euetanoe of es comping rab
‘aac ito be taggensh ito the higroltage eonion at a ime
wt te lpn festa are gow teat, ed he Wiggreu
Teas mint inert the eatent hv (ae dade abo he pel ens
ene Site, for the sara of emi esa, (9 — 1} cess a as
Shute me tins fa he rier erm
Joa Ft la DOT. = hy = 200, an
1H nous be possible to supply this tigaer curr from the entput of
tive prvi stage whi ie > Ube igh wllage eon, ‘The far end
this partielar mpg resin tho i a the valley” voltage V5
Uvth the uur end af, Oue fie abine fr the outpnt current
Ta = We Pe 0)
Heating Fag and Fi yl
¥
%
“thie eemorstrtes that she saw of farcin ard Suwa fr sth at
says age remus Tove the ane of 20 fooranaes,
Va up
200 uum wate exert recmest sounsst, sanvane 1061
“The one ent Tape on de raed as show
in Fig. 5, which ehowe a gerd bur alll practi shametevstie for
fetmaninm die, The eonhined condvtannes of the iat ave watt
esets are shown as the lel 1 chase si ee tha
‘while tourbing the pea: poin: it iatsvepts the valley. ‘Thin hee af
he iad tine wil alo abtaining a msn cueent ap
“Accum now thal eure ef glade fe (> 15) ie applied vo the
peralel combination of inde and load reritanoe ot shown in Pig.
‘The expacity presents the dicde eapacity (plus eny shunt capectors
in parallel with the diode, Any sone inducernees have boon meget,
Turing a tnt fn wv gr state lg highvulage tate,
Ah eat ng he iu oe ge Te rine cent
te even voltage i tho difforenge hobseen the supplied eamens Zand
fhe ey ae Hd nr as ve eve earn hm tho
inde say given volnge Ti Big. 1 thie chy erent Teen bo
read off a4 a funeion of voltage, ses ivi ‘ust thp cillereneo beste
the lad line ata ke ae ohanveteise. The ww rial ogo rs
‘oltags ta voltage Fy 2 given oy
prewar
he
7
A numerical inegeation of this eution ss ean give Ue switching
Tie Seon two anbibes inde The the obesa oboe, the
MARGIN Fue BAAKI wTENMEIOTOR OR GAT BL
soloing ine fom a low-vtage eate tos bigh-vltaygs sal of
rior tu sing, che diode volte cornea Lo the able pint
(ig 3) me ve voltage, Aer vite, che diode voltage orresponuls
tu the sale pine at igh valle. Switching ie accomplished by he
Applic oof (igor entra which life the load Line above the di
fae sharwcerstie as depited ing. Tie Hing of the Jad line
owes the high-volluge tenet to th right, and the dee voltage
will approach the ule vrerpomiag to this intcrep After removal
OF Bae everdrivy the voage wa hoe Grego again. ‘Thus, site
ingen lw nied as eomipetl chew, with appiod overdiee, the
lag of te wale pout pete to Ue apgtiation of the trigger ur
reat reaches
Tor she sualye's i be ilapendent ofthe pstionine bing eaten
is runvenient 10 conser, ae teal ellag, the ntreeps of lt line
‘ehich “ant vouches tbe pone Poet analytic teat he Tolling
au suplyingessirapions wl Le ed
"Thw wokage epcedeut emavily CU) soe repheed by «eon
teat average eapanty ©
Ti The disde chests ‘evistis sil he sporesinctnd ky tv pneaboie
sectioned ath wecier
Tots and Fg. 7) be oe pnts sh did eharacterstin whi
Ue hg ie it ea he Ted Tce and let ed Tbe he ha
lige vurrents at -bese pats Tel he the puint al hh ove pac bois
oo) nue mute suereN tarmnieat sorwsas, vast 11
pproximation joins the sceond approximation and lot » be the pot
‘whan the stesight ection enmanenees. Then th tzse neded to vith
from ax asbiteary pon the lonevokage pve to the fl point
ven by
re tho constants doserbing tas curvature of the perthales are 6x
pressed in terms ofthe peal eurent, evel ir term of eenstarte Vy and
shaving the dinenson of vostagrss Suh «presenta: is eonverson
sites the conetnt Fe equal tothe peck voago aud che eonstan: Ve
ie the order of m-agnicule uf cho citfresee betes valley vltage an
pak veltege. Note tay Va, cepead cs the ode shamnctersbe
Dial ane siege fs sin Pasar hs teat
1 eke
‘he seston in ths tis ge deed ig 7, shoul bo ote
that Ty worepinn so she overdvve (To — AD) wal that Ta/Ty =
a defini {1), Po an evaluation of this equation, the vue he
apaciay C mans be known. This capaci, howeccr, ca be expeesed
noah the chara Hine ne ~ [=| shih ine is aay rm
Siders as the fgue of wert foram Heal diode. 1 ie therfore pose
to eapiess the svtehing tn in tems of th te my. With au no
malsation, the results of the sualyie will be fairly general
ig. shows sn evaluation of 16) giving che mviteing tines in terms
of the characte time r for sitdbne irom zero to the final voltage
The assumed value of the load ino permits « musimum output current
ile evforing tly the miner evasilenatione Using so isto of
finite vole ts estar pin lta 7 ey rig
AS gan he tee) TR. 8, the eaehing havine eat ie fie well
epproxinated hy
salty = BB ihe = 22H an)
