Table Of ContentInsulation of Telephone Wire with Paper Pulp*
by J. 8. UITTLE
Ghoecie Fuller tay lint Lar uadeit pote to actese the
‘aero wie hella able by 17% over were ea
1S Delamcals ww aude vay tite Ul wields aalation
as be sud we teplce cst ‘sti sae cls fw 298
UES te eof UL prone ay Cheslte be al tbe scented in
the nt oe stant ft
1 1887 the leg teleptore engineers sented tm stunnin ne
‘Prove cable and ssertations, fall deesing spon #18 & S auge
Wet overt with too stappi of cotta end evised into pairs A
Thasirn cle it of $2 oie in a trond ditaeter eee aeath 97)
Ine, 3% tind {0 tsk was permite ander the spectrom The
2ouadodcapeciy of sich ease was 0.20 i, per ile, In 1801 the West
fru Floste Company kad made suceertsl eppliacion of eaila zope
Saper ae sulting tora for dey cazecvble end by drving thie peper
Inteaditcly before covering with leed>y the newly Cevelopet extrsion
proces the cove could bo kep: dy without the ol sepegontion with ho:
movin. gre peoversen, mehr soapertien rede! va li
Sharpe, the ecient sacl deg to xponesiatly wn ie
fnmer value. ‘The ase of manta paper made ‘om 2d rope fom this ime
for giew ba us Zor ieuating purpoets {Fig 1). ‘The telephone cena
wes inceasng ell he tre, and eice tao supp.’ af old zepe depended in
large measure on maritime eonres of spp the price beget iron
Inprovensente in tezphone fastrument, together with Iaereseed demir
ie tlophonce, permitted the uze with economy of trae ana more pets of
Srecand anor wires given dinmeteref cable, "is rend va fe oly
teen ie foiow the Csage fn irr rumber a ue eel a ene
fates, Th 1885-20 pice of 1Syuuge wine were aed, 1896 160 puis
Wegaupe, 1912-909 pais gauge, 1914 1212 pals Peau, £978
S18 pulls 26auge, anf WH 1513 pale 2egeage and 2121 pases
2begauge (Fg 2). The incteasing nmber of wives devennded inner and
Chinner and better and beter paper. As che cable demand incre,
Tnewease! insulating speods were necessary to a in Keeping down the cost
de co the Ligher evel gem. tne Henility of pager without
acting sect sel yrster wrrity wee reqiced in cheae neti
ter papers Conifers Line ars money: mers spent attempting to
reduce ‘he aout af rule Shee cae ie price ae ieresed ateity
sul La sub-tiateshenper fies of wood x eaten, It was Binal ound
Tal sane of 3% rope SUE, med end 18% waa eal Le ed forall
Doc sy Foe nag src and tt a Righ a UE wal 2G
ren ope cull Dew fr Ee oar rpg paper
In ite of hese chasaes ca the unymovel ar milking technign
deselpce by the icustrs Lie wre a pe Pe 029" for isang 26
fmge sie 3s wot outucly sal alacter Trem x muauactuting pine a
Yew beat 1920 sce fon sngineers bug veloping the Hee of
ranufslanigy thy er vy wr the mie, If this were pose these
a bets SYSTEM PECRHICAL TOURNAL
seeped to he nn res lecealy why wl pip would aot make x sue
tite nslatog ower wl foo the mechanical standpeint nyo te
{divas invoke‘ w-spping the inci ibe eninate.
ig, 2Copain of 22 an 12a
in Pouortamime of Ben seamen
uw Baran
“The tvs crn soynueate ca iain wie wid pulp rere done by
beutisg a suspensine of pp aver # wee lle ap Uys Ene wash seen
End wits Iw srle- waa drained aver Wing the wie up togeke: with
‘whatever eres hing ot ad taco roling he mic uae Ket arace. "Thm
emp. give a ls of the typ of pula to be expected aa lake 0
Fatersting “hata sy of eqiipment sae methods mas authored. T
develop hale nasine moet adit far eae peepuse was the stend
td singe eves paper Taevine in we Ue caper making Fads
The essential of thie machine ae ava for bolding thin pulp suspension
and a hollow eyinder covered with fine wth scrce: mess inthe Vat
Suitable dame atthe eade prevent the pulp auepensoa passing aco che
evr ofthe evlndse. Ae this nde rotacs on ts ani tae weer ewe
rough Ie scr deplete Ths pp mtn
Phat up by an ealess el belt which fs Broag Unio consaet with the
urlace ofthe cylinder by means of sft rable rol which prestesit firmly
gsi: the pulp mac onthe sorace of theeytinder. "The pip met aaberee
te the Fel and Inger they eve aver sete rolls and chrvasseese
roll wre teense wer frets The ery are ths ely ree
loge Hat tet of wet pier Free Allee crying ad eee
ing Use puper sper i ils uel form,
The Mes of erecting a ite inthe Set as dhe pl was dea
Ue cylinder fora ce Dale! the prone event. Usually te
‘paper mucin place conti sect eight one feet wide eo that
Ft becrme neste to devise ways ans eae of prccing sete only
hook ane quarter inch wide to sup the ecesory materi or insulin
wives of Ryan and aealler, ‘The sma practical ste of commercial
mschin (Fg. 3} wat 30 kee than Cite fect. wide but by pointing sane
Hogs on the cyLuder sere surface the ells ul series of salle
‘imme sage vat eo be prac. Thi we the weheme fall
‘elle foe preparing the paper making machine and we have standardizes
fay eye tr ee lang wilh enh ng to simaltaneonay produce
‘ely abeis of paper approximately in width, ‘The layout of the 2
Sollant machine shown schematically ng.
Keats pup stag the soughest of te ued ier a well ue ane af Cae
sheapert. eis propaed by ar alelie process and our expesience ih
‘ated shat this process prolucss pulp of & geaierdegeee of permanrre
tan the acid processes uslee speal sealants were aed, The tht
rawiack to iuve was ts colo, brows or at which nae 2 enge
inthe eo ref the cas. | Fartatly, cable designs could be mage
‘ing Fewer ers tha ud preven been eee ao that ti obntace
Wasnot serious. Standard paper maling beating efuipment ws purse
{ane used fr plepatng the pulp toform the ses allnoughspeal being
Technique fer ane purpose Had teh ove ape. Te olde Det rth
Cs greg te aber in she preerce ol iter ander Rey Tl
Ty thiscontinuove micerstinn the pulps olvned end tbvleed aed rade
suse or papermaking. Tae longer te genirg the more parchovntike
the Gal paper hecees sl a8 we ei ws pura paper a posible it
sects tun the beating to a pine wee good strong paper wil be
Sade but ill 0 cata a high das of poneity. Within the at Sem
‘yeu cautinsous beating system lias heen devel replace heer
ieteh system. 1a thie method the pulp mined nis water ie vun through a
relisinryhyslinerguimler whem che pp partly, bear beloe
selena age tar ron hi ke fel athe wins mn
ches ad colored balding te proer éve. A ustaer ene inte line
21 tae shes he eat fo Pe st ination ig fn
at ion. Stay shwed ht Fle teu ilferentsanees of weal
supply Parca ilereat'ys0 that atansc sation of sous of spp bed
Core mute al ret of es evel teem new Here or Ree
suse ay
‘Due tothe srs thin shets made an the rschine, the amount of pulp
required per unit of time is exremely small. No comeccal means of
measuring such quantities securately had bees developed and it was acces
Sry ta spent erable tne in thie stnys The suspension ot pulp 9
Terence sntaine on 1.8% ber an thief further dined to 05% in
themachine vat, Teast quantity of liquid arasured about 8 gallos
er mitare, “The device wat recently opto! mie tothe Faws oF»
Pai of ples held betwie en stonary pes. Aw Uke jas aro sepa
tried se guid foe theo cer av ns they ae che the few isc
wn, A vetnier seal aujustiaent makes clow an avcutate sectings
woe wien used with nstast Bead. Inthe oer oytea the dye for
Fring the pulps added inthe beater bt the newer system more recently
put to se inthe Kearay, New Terey Phat supe the dye as needed
‘hac ony uso pals wee Be toed in tank sd cole changes ran be
rapidly made wid Ile lee oF seek:
Wine Somer
Armichite of cis Se and citclly of cone recat te & omanaous
sappy al nie to avo large wee nj ane last time, Twas nosy
tovdevce mths of soatinnes neal to do thie wie spleen pois
ter iilzed. On the eclast raciage epoole & 3°, bovaining si
Proust of ave capper wie, were usd, the wire being remove over the
Thal af he ool by mane of ior. Mt ek soppy paston spans
tere place sity sean fier ple on one Wes te fst pool was
uptid to the lst few tut, am operator, by meats af a special hook,
Fre ous one ven and ena it tothe ser end of the orber spon.
Her nas then asl he cond spon when the bzaze wes reached
he transfect the new spl tock phir
‘Using the new f0D posal spooler te new Kearny Wire Mil larger
sarily sor fr needed ig, 3), ant Ue tsa spools pez pasting are ae.
tppentcone nthe insead oye hy le. The inne eof wie a these
Sponef broug ot aes in tbe ead ef che sont sth he two
rns ca be bagel st anytime the operator wishes ard the i ll be
Completely acd ome each spool. Fithera stationary tht eng oa rtsting
yp fer cas be uted for rsmoving the wire, ‘The latter Iype has certain
erating advantagee which = peeseat warrent ts fulton ad sey
iu theft disc hes Flu ud,” With the die type eeko-omh
ensuing dove consisting ayatem of three sal alts is ased, One
‘ole can be vari fv she xa the tne corse ager the lip beeen
‘hom suppl: the lewivn. Wit the Air pe Lake-oatensinn eviews
sot esenta
Wane Chranine
In oo coy efforts to taake inate wie by this process very erat
results were oblained in the contin of the insulation. Lt was filly
und that soll traces of drawing compound lef on the re mae it
Aiett forthe wet pulp to adhe toi uring the subsequent pvishing
fperaions, "Therefote, 3 boeame neseiey ta cla all che wize. Con
siderable dificules in ssiguing @ suitable cleaner were experienced, but
inuly the use of aes tng rene tgerber wilh a alkaline closing
Tpthy was ound moet sulle. ‘The wire posing la the sachne comes in
contact Wik theslane ofa leiagealisen torso distence. lect
{al contact withthe wie smite through pe rolls and The cueren: Rows
Tow the mire though th elution vo the taint. Originals a wistare
of ejamsece vs a6 the cleaning agen the current ow ws heh
th about 8 comperes pes square ih srsece at 12 valle Recently 2 sore
“Mfstive nen potanous lensing get Fle. Leve'oped by using wlan:
Seo sete and "sory anap. "Tse pssaye uf “he cutenekeither rane
eats the solution erates a rather vislet evoltion of gas al the
farace of the ite, With the sag aon 9 foam is bil ap wich
Continaly deated of, caring the grease, copper, dra ee. to the sewer,
“This meth Kes the cleaner Eras woe ng her. and conscnly
liminaes requent rung nde of the seaner soa the seen om Te
let wich “overly ol on 4St pgged ap il parce of grease
Cheri ser Eom the une I a wie
nmesonse aa Wins oC ene Pune
“From the cir the wite is guided its the Linder machine, TL ie
extremly impart a his pint tht he sire Be guided ints the caer of
the stall here and t yok iat oe parabers ofthe drs tat ome
pulp iseeiel low and some veer Ue whe, Aiter passing acow the
Ende the wie teavels long with the Tele arp hough the preses
int Fray eogegesav the ant yresetbeded in 9 wal ace of wet peer
{ig 6), He was fou thot pe pskeup ofthe bers often acusted ress
the srice vias of the water os lowered by vine means. Ordinary
fonp i ssa See this parse. Apptesimately sen youmls pes thous)
pus of pulp ate disolved #1 Te socage tans ive eft rests
nd stu cu the pil p to gives High legree af uniformity hn the
Svelght of pap pr lngth of wie
Bowens
Polishing of ve insula om the wires lepughe about by psig he
steal pulp steel uves ping bos which are oral rill atouré
{he wie sean ais. Thee Blogs are wil aa are go place that he wire
iS cighly deter! Sens course ne ses Est over one lock, Un the
Second end filly the lst (Rig 7) The rapid rotation of the polishing
Tred proton slight subbing wtion che sheer which i rll down
‘thou tearing zd salts in 8 goo! eer smth waapping of we paper
Aboot the vin. With the wine ronnisg a3 Sronr spe of 190feet per
rninute the polishers are rated a $00 pan. give aainactony Sa
ulation,
Dayist oF ve Tera
‘The method! of crying the Snalaion ie very important. the wey
sperimenis ie otperature sie dying, hightempers tine aie eying am
Fully vieratetempecatur-conrellebaridity drying ere ste
A temperature of bout 160"F. aad 20% unity was Bally edopted.
For number of your this nega wos use Jor experivental cables tit
vas inposibe to ge lectrotaie capi Ic 9S ta er mi Wich
ach value it appested thee Use ese of pulp would Le actly Hive to
Corian ws of wie aml estan, cablee Stuy indiceted that lack
Sori sl ces alow se pulp 9 the wne weve Ire Gores hin
‘ical slope were taken te deren what oma he dene co ipove
