Broadband strategies handbook

404 Pages·2012·8.462 MB·English

by  Tim Kelly, Carlo Maria Rossotto

Broadband
Strategies
Handbook

Broadband
Strategies
Handbook
Editors
Tim Kelly and Carlo Maria Rossotto
Coordinated by Telecommunications Management
Group, Inc.
© 2012 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / International
Development Association or The World Bank
1818 H Street NW
Washington DC 20433
Telephone: [phone]
Internet: www.worldbank.org
1 2 3 4 15 14 13 12
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ISBN (paper): 978-0-8213-8945-4
ISBN (electronic): 978-0-8213-8946-1
DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8945-4
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Broadband strategies handbook / edited by Tim Kelly and Carlo Rossotto.
(cid:4)(cid:4)p. cm.
(cid:4)Includes bibliographical references and index.
(cid:4)ISBN 978-0-8213-8945-4 — ISBN 978-0-8213-8946-1 (electronic)
(cid:4)1. Telecommunication policy. 2. Broadband communication systems—Government
policy. 3. Information technology—Government policy. I. Kelly, Tim (Tim John
Charles) II. Rossotto, Carlo Maria, 1970-
(cid:4)HE7645.B76 2012
(cid:4)384—dc23
2011052001
Cover design: Naylor Design, Inc.
CONTENTS
Foreword xiii
Acknowledgments xv
About the Authors xvii
Abbreviations xviii
Executive Summary xxv
Chapter 1. Building Broadband 1
What Is Broadband? 3
Why Is Broadband Important? 4
What Market Trends Are Fostering Broadband Deployment? 19
How Can Broadband Development
Be Supported? 24
Notes 30
References 31
Chapter 2. Policy Approaches to Promoting Broadband
Development 37
The Public Sector’s Evolving Role in Broadband 38
How to Do It: Implementing Policies and
Strategies to Enhance Broadband Development 44
Financing Broadband Development 63
Measurement, Monitoring, and Evaluation: Checking Progress 76
Notes 84
References 87
Chapter 3. Law and Regulation for a Broadband World 91
Licensing and Authorization Frameworks 92
Spectrum Management to Foster Broadband 96
IP-Based Interconnection 104
v
Access to Infrastructure 111
Opening Vertically Integrated Markets 121
Network Neutrality 124
Security in Cyberspace 129
Privacy and Data Protection 134
Regulation of Broadband Content 138
Notes 143
References 147
Chapter 4. Extending Universal Broadband Access
and Use 155
Universal Access Strategy and Broadband D evelopment 156
Mechanisms to Drive Universal Broadband A ccess 163
Instruments of Fiscal Support for Universal Broadband Access 171
Notes 189
References 191
Chapter 5. Technologies to Support Deployment of
Broadband Infrastructure 195
Overview of Broadband Networks 195
Basic Technologies for Broadband Connectivity 201
International Connectivity 205
Domestic Backbone 210
Metropolitan Connectivity 218
Local Connectivity 221
Notes 241
References 244
Chapter 6. Driving Demand for Broadband Networks
and Services 247
Awareness 249
Affordability 259
Attractiveness 269
Notes 286
References 289
Chapter 7. Global Footprints: Stories from and
for the Developing World 295
Broadband and Global Goals for Developing Countries 296
Broadband Bottlenecks and Opportunities in Developing Regions 299
Regional Developments 303
Countries in Special Circumstances 315
vi Broadband Strategies Handbook
Broadband Experiences in Selected Countries 318
Notes 330
References 331
Appendix A. Weblinks to National Broadband Plans 335
Appendix B. Policies and Programs for Promoting
Broadband in Developing Countries 337
Index 349
Boxes
1.1 Examples of Broadband’s Effects on Economic Growth
around the World 7
1.2 Examples of Broadband’s Potential Impacts on
Innovation in R&D and Business Operations 12
1.3 Mobile Health Services in Nigeria 17
1.4 User Trends That Promote Demand for Broadband 23
1.5 Capacity to Absorb Technology and the Economic
Impact of Broadband-Enabled ICTs: The Examples of
Italy and Sweden 29
2.1 Public Sector’s Role in Fostering Broadband Development:
Key Lessons 43
2.2 Broadband Strategies in Middle-Income Countries 47
2.3 General Elements for Governments to Consider
When Creating Policies and Strategies 48
2.4 Experience in the European Union with State Aid for
Financing Broadband 70
2.5 Municipal Broadband Initiatives in Italy and the Netherlands 74
3.1 Summary of the Digital Television Transition and
Digital Dividend Activities around the World 105
3.2 Challenges and Successes of Implementing an
Internet Exchange Point in Kenya 107
3.3 Competition Analysis in the International Internet
Connectivity Market in Nigeria 113
3.4 Computer Emergency Response Teams 131
4.1 Rural Broadband Connectivity in the Dominican Republic 161
4.2 Chile’s Digital Connectivity Plan 162
4.3 Broadband Development in Remote and
Underserved Locations: Lessons from Peru 166
4.4 Universal Service Subsidies in Mongolia 173
Contents vii
4.5 Regional Communications Infrastructure Program in East
and Southern Africa 182
4.6 Reform of the USF in the United States 186
4.7 Reform of the RCDF in Uganda 186
5.1 Connecting the Maldives to the International
Submarine Cable Network 211
5.2 CDMA 450 MHz for High-Speed Rural Internet Access 232
5.3 Three 3G Technologies in China 235
6.1 Sri Lanka’s Approach to Computer Literacy 253
6.2 Measuring Digital Literacy in Australia 256
6.3 Stimulation of Local Applications Development for
SMEs in the Netherlands 259
6.4 Device Price Trends 262
6.5 Promoting Digital Literacy through Primary and
Secondary Schools 264
6.6 Trends in Low-Cost Devices 266
6.7 Colombia’s 2010 Plan Vive Digital 276
7.1 The Eight Millennium Development Goals 297
7.2 The 10 WSIS Targets 298
7.3 The Third Man: Encouraging Disruption in Broadband
Markets 303
7.4 Impact of Improved Access to International Connectivity:
The Case of Moldova 307
7.5 eLAC2015 Universal Broadband Access Goals 309
Figures
1.1 Effect of Various Information and Communication
Technologies on GDP Growth in High- and Low-Income
Economies, 2000–06 6
1.2 Estimated Minimum and Maximum Impact on GDP of a
10 Percent Increase in Broadband Penetration 7
1.3 Global Fixed and Mobile Broadband Subscriptions
per 100 Inhabitants, 2000–10 20
1.4 Average Broadband Speed in Top 10 Countries 22
1.5 Broadband Ecosystem and Its Impact on the Economy 25
1.6 Examples of the Elements of Absorptive Capacity 28
2.1 Reasons Given for Not Adopting the Internet in Brazil and
Broadband in the United States 41
2.2 Framework for Government Intervention to Facilitate
Broadband Development 51
viii Broadband Strategies Handbook