Table Of ContentBRITISH IMPERIAL POLICY AND
DECOLONIZATION,1938-64
British Itnperial Policy
and Decolonization,
1938-64
Volume 2, 1951-64
A. N. Porter
Reader in History
King's College, London
and
A. J. Stockwell
Senior Lecturer in History
Rayal Holloway and Bedford New College,
University of London
Palgrave Macmillan
ISBN 978-0-333-48284-1 ISBN 978-1-349-19971-6 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-19971-6
©A. N. Porter and A. J. Stockwell, 1989
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1989 978-0-333-38513-5
All rights reserved. For information, write:
Scholarly and Reference Division,
St. Martin's Press, Inc., 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010
First published in the United States of America in 1989
ISBN 978-0-312-02364-5
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
(Revised for volume 2)
Porter, A. N. (Andrew N.)
British imperial policy and decolonization, 1938--64.
Bibliography: v. 1, p. ; v. 2, p.
Includes indexes.
Contents: v. 1. 1938--51-v. 2. 1951-64.
1. Great Britain- Colonies-Administration-History.
2. Decolonization- History. I. Stockwell, A. J.
II. Title.
JV1018.P66 1987 325' .31 '41 87-4272
ISBN 978-0-312-00554-2 (v. I)
ISBN 978-0-312-02364-5 (v. 2)
Contents
List of Documents vii
Abbreviations xiii
Acknowledgements xv
Preface xvii
PART I INTRODUCTION 1
1 Foreign Policy, Defence and the Colonial Empire,
1%1~ 3
2 Domestic policy, the Colonial Empire and
Development, 1951-5 18
3 Metropolitan Policies and the Colonial Empire,
1955-7 25
4 Metropolitan Polices and the Colonial Empire,
1957--64 33
5 Constitutional Change in the Colonies, 1951-64:
West Africa, the West Indies, and South-East Asia 39
6 Constitutional Change in the Colonies, 1951-64:
Kenya, Cyprus, and Central Africa 54
7 From Colonial Empire to Commonwealth 66
8 Britain and the New Commonwealth: the Problem
of Immigration 76
Notes to Part I 84
PART II DOCUMENTS 93
Biographical Notes 575
Select Bibliography 585
Index 588
List of Documents
1. Middle East Policy: Minutes by Lord Cherwell
and the Prime Minister, 8 and 10 November 1951 95
2. 'Closer Association in Central Africa', Cabinet
Memorandum by the Secretary of State for Com-
monwealth Relations and the Secretary of State
for the Colonies, 9 November 1951 96
3. 'Balance of Payments of the Colonial Territories',
Cabinet Memorandum by the Secretary of State
for the Colonies, 19 November 1951 102
4. 'Colombo Plan', Note by the Secretary of State for
Foreign Affairs, the Chancellor of the Exchequer,
the Secretary of State for Commonwealth Rela-
tions and the Minister of State for Colonial Affairs,
20 December 1951 115
5. 'Sterling Balances', Note by the Chancellor of the
Exchequer, 20 December 1951 127
6. South-East Asia: Extracts from the Minutes of the
Cabinet Far East (Official) Committee, 8 January
1952 134
7. Local Government Policy in Africa: Colonial
Office Memorandum by Sir Charles Jeffries, 14
January 1952 138
8. 'Mining Policy': Extract from a Circular Despatch
to Colonial Governors from the Secretary of State
for the Colonies, 13 May 1952 142
9. 'Economic Policy', Cabinet Memorandum by the
Chancellor of the Exchequer, 17 May 1952 144
10. 'Economic Policy', Cabinet Memorandum by the
Minister of Housing and Local Government, 17
June 1952 154
11. 'British Overseas Obligations', Cabinet Memoran-
dum by the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs,
18 June 1952 164
12. Colonial Development Policy: E. Melville (CO) to
M. T. Flett (Treasury), 27 June 1952, with reply, 30
June 1952 176
vii
viii List of Documents
13. Colonial Development Policy: Extract from the
Secretary of State for the Colonies to the Chancel-
lor of the Exchequer, 7 October 1952 178
14. The Defence Programme: Report by the Chiefs of
Staff, 31 October 1952 180
15. Future Policy in Malaya: Minutes of a Meeting at
the Colonial Office, 3 December 1952 186
16. Future Policy in Malaya: Extract from a Colonial
Office Minute by J. J. Paskin for Sir Thomas Lloyd,
10 December 1952 188
17. Constitutional Advance in the Gold Coast: Sir
Charles Arden-Clarke to W. L. Gorell Barnes, 26
January 1953 190
18. Constitutional Advance in West Africa: Colonial
Office Minutes by W. L. Gorell Barnes, 5 February
1953, and Oliver Lyttelton, n.d. (early February
1953) 195
19. 'Egypt: the Alternatives', Cabinet Memorandum
by the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, 16
~ru~l~ 1~
20. Constitutional Advance in West Africa: Sir Tho-
mas Lloyd to Sir John Macpherson, 5 March 1953 203
21. 'The Africanisation Policy of the West African
Governments', Colonial Office Memorandum by
M. G. Smith, 13 March 1953 209
22. Constitutional Advance in West Africa: Sir John
Macpherson to the Secretary of State for the
Colonies, 16 March 1953 215
23. British West Indian Federation: Treasury Minute
by A. E. Drake, 19 March 1953 219
24. British West Indian Federation: Colonial Office
Brief for Ministers, March 1953 222
25. British West Indian Federation: Treasury Note by
A. E. Drake, 30 March 1953 228
26. Indo-China and the British Territories in South-
East Asia: Extract from Colonial Office Memoran-
dum, June 1953 232
27. 'Relations with South Africa', Cabinet Memoran-
dum by the Secretary of State for Commonwealth
Relations, 5 June 1953 234
List of Documents ix
28. Gold Coast Independence and Commonwealth
Membership: Colonial Office Minute by Sir Tho-
mas Lloyd for the Secretary of State for the
Colonies, 27 June 1953 239
29. Public Expenditure in the United Kingdom: Ex-
tracts from the Minutes of a Cabinet Meeting, 28
July 1953 241
30. Constitutional Advance in Kenya: Extract from
Oliver Lyttelton to Sir Evelyn Baring, 14 August
1953 246
31. 'The Nigerian Constitution', Memorandum by
the Secretary of State for the Colonies, 17 August
1953 249
32. Gold Coast Independence and Commonwealth
Membership: CO Brief for use by the Secretary of
State for the Colonies in Cabinet, September 1953 254
33. Higher Education in Central Africa: Lord Swinton
to Lord Halifax, 15 September 1953 256
34. Constitutional Development in Kenya: Sir Evelyn
Baring to the Secretary of State for the Colonies,
29 October 1953 259
35. The Kabaka of Buganda: Extract from Sir Andrew
Cohen to the Secretary of State for the Colonies, 7
November 1953 264
36. Deposition of the Kabaka of Buganda: Extracts
from a Debate in the House of Commons, 2
December 1953 271
37. 'The Future of Commonwealth Membership', Re-
port by the Official Committee, 21 January 1954 283
38. Immigration: Lord Swinton to Lord Salisbury, 15
March 1954 299
39. Immigration: Lord Salisbury to Lord Swinton, 20
March 1954 300
40. Constitutional Advance in Central Africa:
W. A.W. Clark to J. E. Mamham, 15 April 1954 302
41. Anglo-American Relations: The Prime Minister to
President Eisenhower, 21 June 1954 304
42. Anglo-American Relations and the Middle East:
Minute by Sir Anthony Eden for the Prime Minis-
ter, 21 June 1954 308
x List of Documents
43. 'Cyprus', Cabinet Memorandum by the Secretary
of State for the Colonies and the Minister of State
at the Foreign Office, 21 July 1954 310
44. Cyprus: Statement in the House of Commons by
the Minister of State for Colonial affairs, 28 July
1954 319
45. 'Colonial Development Finance Exercise (1955-
60)" Conclusions of the Report of the Colonial
Development and Welfare Working Party, August
1954 326
46. 'Relations with the United States, China and the
Colombo Powers', Note by M. MacDonald, 8 Au-
gust 1954 328
47. Central African Federation: Extract from the UK
High Commissioner (Salisbury) to H. A. F. Rum-
bold (CRO), 14 September 1954 332
48. Central African Federation: H. A. F. Rumbold to
the UK High Commissioner (Salisbury), corrected
draft, n.d. (?October 1954) 334
49. Constitutional Advance in Central Africa: Com-
monwealth Relations Office, Minutes by W. S.
Bates, R. W. D. Fowler and G. H. Baxter, 28
September-4 October 1954 337
50. Colonial Development and Welfare: the Secretary
of State for the Colonies to the Chancellor of the
Exchequer, 30 September 1954 343
51. Colonial Development and Welfare: the Chancel-
lor of the Exchequer to the Secretary of State for
the Colonies, 17 November 1954 348
52. Commonwealth Membership: Minutes of a
Cabinet Meeting, 7 December 1954 355
53. Commonwealth Membership: Minute by Sir
Saville Garner, 10 December 1954 361
54. UK Economic Aid to Egypt: Extract from Draft
Cabinet Paper by the Secretary of State for Foreign
Affairs, December 1954, with Minute by G. E.
Millard, 23 August 1954 363
55. 'Internal Security in the Colonies', Cabinet
Memorandum by the Minister of Defence, 29
December 1954 367
56. 'United Kingdom Aims in Malaya', Paper by the
List of Documents xi
Secretary of State for the Colonies, n.d. (February
1955) 369
57. The Nyasaland Constitution: Colonial Office
Memorandum by W. L. Gorell Barnes, 30 March
1955 . 372
58. 'Notes on the Future Gold Coast Scene', from F. E.
Cumming-Bruce to Sir Gilbert Laithwaite, n.d.
(August 1955) 374
59. UK Policy in South-East Asia: Extract from A. G.
Gilchrist (Singapore) to W. D. Allen, 11 August
1955 379
60. Immigration: Extract from a Cabinet Memoran-
dum by the Secretary of State for Commonwealth
Relations, 2 September 1955 383
61. 'Middle East Oil', Note by the Secretary of State
for Foreign Affairs, with Report by the Middle
East Oil (Official) Committee, 13 October 1955 385
62. 'The franchise in East and Central Africa', Draft
Memorandum by W. L. Gorell Barnes for the
Secretary of State for the Colonies, "15 October
1955 393
63. Immigration: Extract from Minutes of a Cabinet
Meeting, 3 November 1955 398
64. British Caribbean Federation: Sir Thomas Lloyd to
Sir Edward Bridges, with Minute by A. K. Rawlin-
son, 26 and 30 November 1955 401
65. 'Conference on Constitutional Advance in the
Federation of Malaya', Extracts from Cabinet
Memorandum by the Secretary of State for the
Colonies, January 1956 404
66. British Caribbean Federation: Extracts from Mi-
nutes of the Lancaster House Conference, 21-22
February 1956 414
67. 'European Trade Policy', Speech by the Chancel-
lor of the Exchequer in the House of Commons, 26
November 1956 421
68. Co-operation with Western Europe: Cabinet
Memorandum by the Secretary of State for Fore-
ign Affairs, 5 January 1957 438
69. Co-operation with Western Europe: Minutes of a
Cabinet Meeting, 9 January 1957 445
