Britain and the Spanish Anti-Franco Opposition, 1940–1950

246 Pages·2000·1.045 MB·English

by  David J Dunthorn (auth.)

Britain and the Spanish Anti-Franco Opposition,
1940–1950
Also by David J. Dunthorn
SPAIN IN AN INTERNATIONAL CONTEXT, 1936–1959 (co-editor with
Christian Leitz)
Britain and the Spanish
Anti-Franco Opposition,
1940–1950
David J. Dunthorn
Visiting Lecturer for Modern European History
University of the West of England
Bristol
© David J.Dunthorn 2000
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2000 978-0-333-91796-1
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First published 2000 by
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ISBN 978-1-349-42341-5 ISBN 978-1-4039-1944-1 (eBook)
DOI 10.1057/9781403919441
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Dunthorn,David J.(David Joseph)
Britain and the Spanish anti-Franco opposition,1940–1950 / David J.
Dunthorn.
p.cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
1.Great Britain—Foreign relations—Spain.2.Spain—Foreign public
opinion,British—History—20th century.3.Government,Resistance to–
–Spain—History—20th century.4.Public opinion—Great Britain–
–History—20th century.5.Great Britain—Foreign relations–
–1936–1945.6.Great Britain—Foreign relations—1945–1964.7.
Franco,Francisco,1892–1975—Adversaries.8.Spain—Foreign relations–
–Great Britain.9.Spain—Foreign relations—1939–1975.I.Title.
DA47.8 .D86 2000
327.41046—dc21
00–040456
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
09 08 07 06 05 04 03 02 01 00
To my wife and family

Contents
Acknowledgements viii
Introduction 1
1 Spanish Opposition before 1945 11
2 Britain and the Spanish Opposition until 1944 28
3 1945: Adjusting to Peace 45
4 1946: International Confrontation 73
5 1947: British Intervention 102
6 1948–1950: the Frustration of the Anti-Franco Impulse 132
7 Conclusion 161
Notes 169
References 205
Index 228
vii
Acknowledgements
This study began as a PhD thesis under the supervision of Professor Glyn
Stone and Dr Martin Thomas of the School of History, University of the
West of England, and Professor John Young of the Department of Poli-
tics, University of Leicester. I am grateful for their advice and guidance,
intellectual rigour and generous bestowal of time. Needless to say, the
conclusions arrived at in this study and any errors it may contain are
my own. I thank, too, Professor Paul Preston of the London School of
Economics and Political Science and Dr Michael Richards of the Uni-
versity of the West of England, who examined the original thesis. Before
his departure for the Department of History, University of Auckland,
New Zealand, I also received valuable advice and encouragement from
Dr Christian Leitz.
The progress of my research in England depended on the effi-
cient service of the Public Record Office, Kew, the libraries of the Uni-
versity of the West of England and of Bristol University, the Bodleian
Library, Oxford, Cambridge University Library and the British Library,
London. The annual conferences of the British International History
Group gave my research further stimulus, and discussion of a paper I
delivered in 1997 provided a valuable opportunity for refining my
thoughts.
In Spain I was treated with unfailing courtesy and generosity by all
whom I consulted. In particular, I thank Da Elisa Carolina de Santos
Canalejo, Director of the General Archive of the Spanish Ministry of
Foreign Affairs, D. Ignacio Ruiz, Director of the Archive of the Prime
Minister’s Office (Presidencia del Gobierno) and Da Luisa Auñón Man-
zanares of the Central Archive of the Ministry of Relations with Parlia-
ment and the Government Secretariat, D. Fernando Piedrafita Salgado,
Director of the Fundación Universitaria Española, and Da Isabel
Balsinde, the Fundación’s Librarian, and D. Aurelio Martín of the Fun-
dación Pablo Iglesias; all in Madrid. I thank, too, DaMaría Luisa Conde
Villaverde, Director of the Archivo General de la Administración, Alcalá
de Henares. The staff of the National Library, Madrid, were efficient and
cheerful. And even though my request to consult the Fundación Fran-
cisco Franco in Madrid proved ultimately unsuccessful, it was listened
to with characteristic courtesy.
I am, finally, deeply grateful to my wife, Mary, for her patient
viii
Acknowledgements ix
understanding during my four years’ suspension of essential tareas
domésticas.
Note
To avoid confusion, ‘republican’ will be used to denote all Spaniards
who supported the Frente Popular governments against the nationalists
in the Spanish Civil War, while ‘republican’ will be used to denote only
members of the actual republican parties of the Second Republic, such
as Izquierda Unida, Unión Republicana, or the Partido Republicano
Federalista. Accordingly, after the Civil War, the socialists and anarcho-
syndicalists were part of the ‘republican’ opposition but not members
of the ‘republican’ parties.