Table Of ContentEdward Sauter • Mary B. Daly
Editors
Breast Cancer
Risk Reduction and
Early Detection
Breast Cancer Risk Reduction and Early Detection
·
Edward R. Sauter Mary B. Daly
Editors
Breast Cancer Risk Reduction
and Early Detection
123
Editors
EdwardR.Sauter MaryB.Daly
UniversityofNorthDakota DepartmentofMedicalOncology
SchoolofMedicine&HealthSciences FoxChaseCancerCenter
333CottmanAve.
501N.ColumbiaRoad
PhiladelphiaPA19111-2497
GrandForksND58202
USA
USA
[email protected]
[email protected]
ISBN978-0-387-87582-8 e-ISBN978-0-387-87583-5
DOI10.1007/978-0-387-87583-5
SpringerNewYorkDordrechtHeidelbergLondon
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Preface
While many comprehensive texts have been written on the treatment of breast cancer, the most
common cancer among women, there are relatively few which cover in depth the prevention and
earlydetectionofthedisease.Thegoalofthisworkistopresentwhatexpertsinthefieldfeelisthe
current knowledge and future direction of breast cancer prevention and early detection. We begin
Part I of the book with a review of risk factors, both genetic and environmental. We next review
progress in the use of chemoprevention. Notably, chemoprevention risk reduction studies have led
to FDA approval of two medications which measurably reduce disease incidence among women
at increased risk, although with some risk of treatment related side effects. Newer agents in the
pipeline, which may also reduce risk among normal risk women, are also discussed. Surgical risk
reducingstrategiescompletethesectiononprevention,includingboththebenefitsanddownsidesto
thismoreaggressiveapproach.
Even with aggressive prevention strategies, some women will develop breast cancer. For these
women,earlydetectioniscriticaltominimizediseasespreadandmaximizelongtermsurvival.Part
II of this book reviews current and upcoming approaches to early detection. Imaging strategies,
includingmammography,breastultrasound,MRI,andPETimagingarereviewed.Thepotentialfor
molecular tumor targeting to detect disease prior to the formation of a mass visible by anatomic
imagingispresented.Wecompleteourreviewwithbreastspecificintraductalapproachesandsys-
temicevaluationofcellsandcellcomponentswhichmayultimatelyleadtobreastcancerdetection
atitsearlieststage,yearspriortotheformationofatumormass.
We hope that this book satisfactorily addresses the current and future issues related to breast
cancer prevention and early detection, and stimulates new ideas which will contribute to reducing
theburdenofthisdisease.
GrandForks,NorthDakota EdwardR.Sauter
Philadelphia,Pennsylvania MaryB.Daly
v
Contents
PartI Prevention
1 RiskFactors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
PollyA.NewcombandKarenJ.Wernli
2 LifestyleFactorsandRiskofBreastCancer:AReviewofRandomized
TrialFindings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
GarnetL.Anderson
3 BreastCancerChemoprevention. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
MaryB.Daly
4 Surgical Management of Inherited Susceptibility
toBreastCancer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
FrancisFreisingerandSusanM.Domchek
PartII EarlyDetection
5 ClinicalBreastExaminationandBreastSelf-Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
WilliamH.Goodson,III
6 Mammography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
BarbaraC.CavanaughandSorchaMcNally
7 CurrentStatusandFutureProspectsinBreastCarcinomaofPositron
EmissionTomography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
SandipBasu,JoshuaI.Rosenbaum,andAbassAlavi
8 BreastMRI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
BarbaraC.CavanaughandSorchaMcNally
9 GeneticandMolecularApproachestoImagingBreastCancer . . . . . . . . . . . 163
EricWickstromandMathewL.Thakur
10 IntraductalApproaches:NippleAspirateFluidtoAssistinBreast
CancerDetection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
EdwardR.Sauter
11 Intraductal Approaches: Mammary Ductoscopy and Ductal Lavage
toAssistintheDiagnosisofBreastCancer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
WilliamC.Dooley
vii
viii Contents
12 BloodMarkers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
MarkW.Duncan
13 CirculatingTumorCellsinBreastCancer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
MichailIgnatiadisandDimitrisMavroudis
SubjectIndex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235
Contributors
AbassAlavi,MDPhD(Hon)DSc(Hon) DepartmentofRadiology,HospitalofUniversityof
Pennsylvania,Philadelphia,PA19104,USA,[email protected];[email protected]
GarnetL.Anderson,PhD DepartmentofPublicHealthScience,FredHutchinsonCancer
ResearchCenter,Settle,WA98109,USA,[email protected]
SandipBasu,MBBS(hons),DRM,DNB,MNAMS RadiationMedicineCentre(BhabhaAtomic
ResearchCentre),TataMemorialHospitalAnnexe,Parel,Bombay400012,India,
[email protected]
BarbaraC.Cavanaugh,MD DepartmentofRadiology,ThomasJeffersonUniversityHospital,
Philadelphia,PA19107,USA,[email protected]
MaryB.Daly,MD,PhD DepartmentofClinicalGenetics,FoxChaseCancerCenter,
Philadelphia,PA19111,USA,[email protected];[email protected]
SusanM.Domchek,MD DepartmentofMedicine,AbramsonCancerCenter,Universityof
Pennsylvania,Philadelphia,PA19104,USA,[email protected]
WilliamC.Dooley,MD,FACS DepartmentofSurgicalOncology,OklahomaUniversityMedical
Center,73104,Okalahoma,OK,USA,[email protected]
MarkW.Duncan,MD DivisionofEndocrinology,Diabetes&Metabolism,Departmentof
Medicine,SchoolofMedicine,UniversityofColoradoDenver,Aurora,CO,USA;Collegeof
Medicine,KingSaudUniversity,Riyadh,SaudiArabia;BiodesixInc.,Broomfield,CO80021,
USA,[email protected]
FrancisFreisinger,MD DepartmentofMedicine,AbramsonCancerCenter,Universityof
Pennsylvania,Philadelphia,PA19104,USA,[email protected]
WilliamH.GoodsonIII,MD DepartmentofSurgery,CaliforniaPacificMedicalCenterResearch
Institute,SanFrancisco,CA94118,USA,[email protected]
MichailIgnatiadis,Dr DepartmentofMedicalOncology,UniversiteLibredeBruxelles,Jules
BordetInstitute,121BlvddeWaterloo,Brussels,1000,Belgium,[email protected]
DimitrisMavroudis,Dr DepartmentofMedicalOncology,UniversityGeneralHospitalof
Heraklion,Heraklion,Crete,Greece,[email protected]
SorchaMcNally,MB,BCh,BAO,MRCPI,FFR,RCSI DepartmentofRadiology,Thomas
JeffersonUniversityHospital,Philadelphia,PA19107,USA,[email protected]
ix
x Contributors
PollyA.Newcomb,PhD DepartmentofEpidemiology,SchoolofPublicHealth,Universityof
Washington;PaulP.CarboneComprehensiveCancerCenter,UniversityofWashington;Fred
HutchinsonCancerResearchCenter,Seattle,WA98109,USA,[email protected]
JoshuaI.Rosenbaum,BA DivisionofNuclearMedicine,DepartmentofRadiology,Hospitalof
UniversityofPennsylvania,Philadelphia,PA19104,USA,[email protected]
EdwardSauter,MD,PhD UniversityofNorthDakotaSchoolofMedicineandHealthSciences,
GrandForks,ND58202,USA,[email protected]
MathewL.Thakur,PhD DepartmentofBiochemistry&MolecularBiology,ThomasJefferson
University,Philadelphia,PA19107,USA,[email protected]
KarenJ.Wernli FredHutchinsonCancerResearchCenter,98109,
Seattle,WA,USA,[email protected]
EricWickstrom,PhD DepartmentofBiochemistry&MolecularBiology,ThomasJefferson
University,Philadelphia,PA19107,USA,[email protected]
Part I
Prevention
