Breaking down anonymity

232 Pages·2017·1.5 MB·English

www.ssoar.info
Breaking down anonymity: digital surveillance of
irregular migrants in Germany and the Netherlands
Broeders, Dennis
Veröffentlichungsversion / Published Version
Monographie / monograph
Zur Verfügung gestellt in Kooperation mit / provided in cooperation with:
OAPEN (Open Access Publishing in European Networks)
Empfohlene Zitierung / Suggested Citation:
Broeders, D. (2009). Breaking down anonymity: digital surveillance of irregular migrants in Germany and the
Netherlands. (IMISCoe Dissertations). Amsterdam: Amsterdam Univ. Press. https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-
ssoar-271321
Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use:
Dieser Text wird unter einer CC BY-NC-ND Lizenz This document is made available under a CC BY-NC-ND Licence
(Namensnennung-Nicht-kommerziell-Keine Bearbeitung) zur (Attribution-Non Comercial-NoDerivatives). For more Information
Verfügung gestellt. Nähere Auskünfte zu den CC-Lizenzen finden see:
Sie hier: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.de
imiscoe
Because borders alone cannot stop irregular migration, the European Union is b DissertAtions
r
turning more and more to internal control measures. Through surveillance, member o
e
states aim to exclude irregular migrants from societal institutions, thereby discouraging d
e
their stay or deporting those who are apprehended. And yet, states cannot expel r
s
immigrants who remain anonymous. Identification has thus become key. Breaking Breaking Down Anonymity
B
Down Anonymity shows how digital surveillance is becoming a prime instrument of r
e
identification and exclusion policies towards irregular migrants. To support this a
k
claim, the study charts policy developments in Germany and the Netherlands. It
i
n
analyses both countries’ labour market controls as well as their detention and
g Digital Surveillance of Irregular
expulsion practices. Also examined is the development of several new EU migration
D
databases. Spanning the Continent, these information systems create a new European
o Migrants in Germany and
Union frontier – one that is digital, biometric and ever-strengthening. w
n
the Netherlands

Dennis Broeders is a researcher in the Department of Sociology at Erasmus University A
n
Rotterdam and a senior research fellow at the Dutch Scientific Council for Government
o
Policy in The Hague. n
DENNIS BROEDERS
y
m
“Using the tools developed in the burgeoning field of migration surveillance, this book insightfully explores the problem
i
of the ‘internal’ control of irregular migration in Europe. A strong contribution to the discussions in this area.” t
y
John Torpey, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York
“This provoking and well-researched study of migration controls through digital surveillance documents the
irrationality and helplessness of organising exclusion mechanisms in Fortress Europe. An uneasy must-read for all
immigration and control authorities.”
Frank Bovenkerk, Institute for Migration and Ethnic Studies, University of Amsterdam
“This book opens a fresh and theory-oriented perspective on the study of irregular migration. It will certainly have
some impact on future research in this field.”
Michael Bommes, Institute for Migration Research and Intercultural Studies, University of Osnabrück

sb 978 90 8964 159 5
serd ers ress · .. Amsterdam Universit y Press
Breaking Down Anonymity
IMISCOE
International Migration,Integration and Social Cohesion inEurope
The IMISCOE Network of Excellence unites over 500 researchers from
European institutes specialising in studies of international migration,
integration and social cohesion. The Network is funded by the Sixth
Framework Programme of the European Commission on Research,
Citizens and Governance in a Knowledge-Based Society. Since its
foundation in 2004, IMISCOE has developed an integrated,
multidisciplinary and globally comparative research project led by
scholars from all branches of the economic and social sciences, the
humanities and law. The Network both furthers existing studies and
pioneers new research in migration as a discipline. Priority is also
given to promoting innovative lines of inquiry key to European
policymaking and governance.
The IMISCOE-Amsterdam University Press Series was createdto make
the Network’s findings and results available to researchers,
policymakers and practitioners, the media and other interested
stakeholders. High-quality manuscripts authored by IMISCOE
members and cooperating partners are published in one of four
distinct series.
IMISCOE RESEARCH advances sound empirical and theoretical
scholarship addressing themes within IMISCOE’s mandated fields
of study.
IMISCOEREPORTSdisseminatesNetworkpapersandpresentations
ofatime-sensitivenatureinbookform.
IMISCOE DISSERTATIONS presents select PhD monographs
written by IMISCOEdoctoralcandidates.
IMISCOE TEXTBOOKS produces manuals, handbooks and other
didactictools for instructors and students of migrationstudies.
IMISCOE Policy Briefs and more information on the Network can be
found atwww.imiscoe.org.
Breaking Down Anonymity
Digital Surveillance of Irregular Migrants
in Germany and the Netherlands
Dennis Broeders
IMISCOE Dissertations
Cover design:Studio Jan de Boer,Amsterdam
Layout: The DocWorkers, Almere
ISBN 978 90 8964 159 5
e-ISBN 978 90 4851 103 7
NUR 741 /763
©DennisBroeders /Amsterdam University Press,
Amsterdam 2009
All rights reserved. Without limiting the rights under copyright re-
served above, no part of this book may be reproduced, stored in or in-
troduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any
means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise)
without the written permission of both the copyright owner and the
authorof the book.
Who are you?
Who, who, who, who?
The Who, 1978
CONTENTS
Acknowledgements 9
List ofabbreviations 11
1 Introduction and researchquestions 13
1.1 The irregular migrant as a policy problem 13
1.2 Turning inwards: internal migration control 14
1.3 Researchquestions: internal migration control
at crossroads? 16
1.4 Caseselection: Germany andthe Netherlandsas
‘most likely’cases 17
1.5 Outlineof the study 22
2 The state,surveillanceand irregular migrants: theoretical
perspectives 27
2.1 Introduction 27
2.2 The changingnature ofEuropean borders: a story in
metaphors 28
2.3 The surveillance state and internal migration control 38
2.4 The limits of state surveillance 49
2.5 A new regimeof internal migration control? 57
3 Guarding the access to the labour market 61
3.1 Setting the scene: political mindsetsand
policy frameworks 61
3.2 Political economies ofirregular migrant workers 66
3.3 Labour marketsurveillance in Germany andthe
Netherlands:a typology 74
3.4 Exclusion fromdocumentation 78
3.5 Exclusion through documentation 97
3.6 Conclusions 105
CONTENTS 7
4 Policesurveillance,detention and expulsion 111
4.1 Introduction 111
4.2 Internalsurveillance:the state in control and/or
the penal state in action? 113
4.3 Policesurveillance 124
4.4 Detention as an instrument ofmigration control 130
4.5 Expulsion 137
4.6 Conclusion: factories ofidentification? 149
5 European tools for domestic problems 153
5.1 Introduction 153
5.2 EU policymaking: transfer of competence or
a Europeantoolshed? 154
5.3 Schengen,Amsterdamand Prüm: abird’s-eye viewof
European cooperation in Justice and Home Affairs 159
5.4 Matters of scale and weight: EU return and
readmission policies 164
5.5 Creating digital borders:a network ofEU migration
databases 167
5.6 Conclusions 180
6 Conclusion: breakingdownanonymity 185
6.1 A new regimeof internal migration control 187
6.2 Policygaps: ‘white spots’ and ‘black holes’ 193
6.3 Follow the leader? 197
6.4 Breaking down anonymity,marginalising citizenship? 197
Dutch summary/Nederlandsesamenvatting 201
Bibliography 209
Discography 224
Notes 225