[Brassica juncea (L.) Czern Coss] ANIL PALB 3106 DEPARTMENT OF A

88 Pages·2015·9.42 MB·English

ROLE OF FLOWER VISITORS IN POLLINATION AND SEED
SET OF MUSTARD [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern Coss]

ANIL
PALB 3106

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ENTOMOLOGY
UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
BENGALURU- 560065
2015
ROLE OF FLOWER VISITORS IN POLLINATION AND SEED
SET OF MUSTARD [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern Coss]

ANIL
PALB 3106

Thesis submitted to the

University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru
In partial fulfillment of the requirements
for the award of the degree of

MASTER OF SCIENCE

In

AGRICULTURAL ENTOMOLOGY

BENGALURU July, 2015
AFFECTIONATELY DEDICATED
TO

MY PARENTS

AAAACCCCKKKKNNNNOOOOWWWWLLLLEEEEDDDDGGGGEEEEMMMMEEEENNNNTTTT
With great memories……………
The task of acknowledging the help that was offered to me
throughout this study by my teachers and friends is bigger than
the study itself. I feel scanty of words to the magnitude of their
help.
Finally, the movement has come to look into the deeper layers
of heart, which is filled with the feelings of togetherness and
loneliness, consolation and satisfaction. Some are momentary and
some are permanent but both involve a number of persons to whom
I acknowledge my warm regards. Certainly, one man flashes in my
vision. Unmistakingly, it is MMMMrrrr.... AAAA.... HHHH JJJJaaaayyyyaaaappppppppaaaa Associate professor,
Department of Agricultural Entomology, University of
Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru and Chairman of my Advisory
committee, career advancement will always remain in my heart
with great respect. His creative criticism and comments inculcated
a strong sense of positive thinking in me. I wish to express my deep
sense of gratitude, respect and heartfelt thanks for his guidance
during the preparation of the thesis.
It gives me an immense pleasure to express my heartfelt
thanks to members of my advisory committee DDDDRRRR.... VVVV.... VVVV. BBBBeeeellllaaaavvvvaaaaddddiiii,,,,
Professor and Head Department of Agricultural Entomology,
UAS, GKVK, Bengaluru, DDDDrrrr.... YYYY.... GGGG.... SSSShhhhaaaaddddaaaaaaaakkkksssshhhhaaaarrrryyyy,,,, Professor and
Scheme head AICRP on sunflower UAS, GKVK, Bengaluru, DDDDrrrr.... HHHH....
KKKKhhhhaaaaddddeeeerrrr KKKKhhhhaaaannnn,,,, Professor, Department of Agricultural Entomology,
UAS, GKVK, Bengaluru for their constructive criticisms,
suggestions and guidance during the course of this study.
Special thanks to DDDDrrrr.... VVVV.... VVVV.... BBBBEEEELLLLAAAAVVVVAAAADDDDIIII,,,, for his unending
enthusiasm-filling, meticulous guidance, persistence
encouragement, generosity, thoughtfulness and timely advice
extended till the last minute of my research as well as throughout
the period of my study and all the teaching and non-teaching staff
of the Department of Agricultural Entomology for their valuable
guidance and help.
But for the affection, words of encouragement, boundless love
and unflagging inspiration of my father BBBBaaaassssaaaavvvvaaaarrrraaaajjjj, Mother
SSSShhhhaaaannnntttthhhhaaaa, Brother, ssssuuuunnnniiiillll and sister, SSSShhhhiiiillllppppaaaa I owe all my success to
them. I can’t forget to express my heartfelt affection and their
care, love, valuable support, inspiration and encouragement
throughout the journey of my education.
I wish to express my valuable thanks to field and lab
assistants SSSSaaaattttiiiisssshhhh,,,, KKKKrrrriiiitttthhhhiiiikkkk aaaannnndddd NNNNaaaaggggeeeesssshhhh for their help and support
during the course of my investigation.
Thanks is the worst word in friendship yet, I shall avail this
opportunity to express my sincere gratitude to my senior friends
BBBBaaaassssaaaannnn ggggoooouuuuddddaaaa, VVVVeeeeeeeerrrreeeesssshhhh KKKKuuuummmmaaaarrrr,,,, RRRRaaaajjjjeeeennnnddddrrrraaaa PPPPrrrraaaassssaaaadddd,,,, MMMMuuuuttttttttuuuu rrrraaaajjjj,,,,
AAAArrrraaaatttthhhhiiii,,,, TTTThhhhaaaarrrriiiinnnniiii,,,, PPPPaaaattttttttaaaannnn,,,, PPPPrrrraaaasssshhhhaaaannnntttthhhh,,,, VVVVaaaassssuuuuddddeeeevvvv aaaannnndddd VVVVeeeeeeeerrrreeeesssshhhh hhhhaaaattttttttiiii....
At this juncture I also wish to recall with love, my classmates
MMMMaaaahhhheeeesssshhhh,,,, RRRRaaaajjjjggggooooppppaaaallll,,,, SSSSiiiidddddddduuuu,,,, AAAAjjjjaaaayyyy,,,, BBBBaaaappppuuuu,,,, SSSSaaaajjjjjjjjaaaannnn,,,, ZZZZaaaammmmeeeeeeeerrrr,,,, SSSSuuuubbbbhhhhaaaasssshhhh,,,,
AAAAnnnnjjjjaaaalllliiii,,,, LLLLeeeeppppaaaakkkksssshhhhiiii,,,, SSSSuuuunnnniiiillll,,,, AAAAsssshhhhrrrraaaaffff,,,, my roommates and all my B’ gudi
friends for their help and suggestions.
Last but not the least, I wish to express my indebtedness to all
those whose names might have been left over but without whose
help my thesis would not have been seen the light of the day.
Above all, I am extremely thankful and grateful to my
almighty God who has blessed me to be what I am today.

Bengaluru ((((AAAAnnnniiiillll))))
July, 2015
ROLE OF FLOWER VISITORS IN POLLINATION AND SEED SET
OF MUSTARD [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern Coss]

ANIL

ABSTRACT

Pollinators play an important role in seed set of mustard. Floral biology, flower
visitors, foraging behaviour of efficient pollinators and their role in seed set were studied.
Mustard produced perfect flowers. Flowers opened 34 and 42 days after sowing in Kharif
and Rabi seasons. Longevity of the flowers was one day. Maximum flowers opened
between 07.30-08.00 h and 08.00-08.30 h. in Kharif and Rabi seasons, respectively.
Anther dehiscence occurred 30 minutes after anthesis. Pollen viability and stigma
receptivity was maximum between10.00-11.00 and 11.00-12.00 h. Seventeen species of
insects belonging to Hymenoptera (82.35 %), Lepidoptera (11.76 %) and Diptera (5.88
%) visited mustard flowers. Pollinator activity was maximum between 09.00-11.00 h in
both seasons. Major flower visitors included two species of honey bees viz., Apis florea
and Apis cerana. Though A. florea was more abundant per cent pod set was maximum
with A. cerana visits. A. florea and A. cerana were observed to spend 57.83 ± 7.7 (14.10
± 2.51 sec/flower) and 45.42 ± 6.24 (8.08 ± 2.00 sec/flower) min/trip and visited 243.11
± 32.70 and 338 ± 46.77 flowers per trip, respectively. Within a day, slight interspecific
temporal resource partitioning was observed between these two species. In pollination
exclusion experiment, natural pollination had relatively more number of pods (233.1 ±
5.82), seeds (11.88 ± 1.31), higher test weight (1.62 gm), size (5.03 cm) and more oil
content ( 39.44 %) over controlled (exclusion) experiment (142.3 ± 11.61 pods, 6.7 ±
1.33 seeds, 1.21 gm, 3.6 cm and 26.66 % respectively).

July, 2015
Deportment of Entomology, (A. H. Jayappa)
UAS, GKVK, Bengaluru- 560065 Major Advisor
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CONTENTS

CHAPTER TITLE PAGE NO.
I INTRODUCTION 1-2
II REVIEW OF LITERATURE 3-13
III MATERIAL AND METHODS 14-19
IV EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS 20-43
V DISCUSSION 44-47
VI SUMMARY 48-49
VII REFERENCES 50-56