Brain Development: Normal Processes and the Effects of Alcohol and Nicotine

421 Pages·2012·34.47 MB·English

by  Michael W. Miller

BRAIN DEVELOPMEN T
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BRAIN DEVELOPMEN T
NORMAL PROCESSES AND
THE EFFECT S O F ALCOHOL
AND NICOTIN E
EDITED BY
Michael W. Miller
OXPORD
UNIVERSITY PRESS
2006
OXPORD
UNIVERSITY PRESS
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Brain development : normal processes and the effects of alcohol and nicotine / edited by Michael W. Miller.
p. ; cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN-13 978-0-19-518313-9
ISBN 0-19-518313-4
1. Developmental toxicology. 2 . Nenrotoxicology. 3 . Alcohol-Toxicology. 4 . Nicotine —Toxicology.
5. Alcoholism in pregnancy—Pathophysiology. 6 . Pregnant women—Tobacco use —Physiological effect.
[DNLM: 1 . Brain—drug effects. 2 . Brain—growth & development. 3 . Ethanol—pharmacology. 4. Fetus—drug effects.
5. Neurons-drug effects. 6 . Nicotine - pharmacology. WL 300 B8125 2006] I . Miller, Michael W.
RA1224.45.B73 2006
616.8'6471-dc22 200501285 4
1 3 5 7 9 8 6 42
Printed in the United States of America
on acid-free paper
Acknowledgments
As such, the present volume is the product of decades contributed to the writing of this book. My career has
of work by teams of neuroscientists and developmen- been consistently and substantively supported by the
tal biologists. I thank the name d an d nameles s of federal government, notably the National Institute of
these dedicate d researcher s who have reached m e Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism and the Department
through bot h ora l and/or written communications . of Veterans Affairs. Without the support of these agen-
This volume builds on the foundation of research de- cies I would not have been able to study normal and
scribed in a book published 1 3 years ago, Develop- abnormal brain development, nor would I have been
ment of the Central Nervous System, Effects of Alcohol able to meet the people who wrote chapters for this
and Opiates (Miller, 1992). Since that book was pub- volume. These people have brought considerable ex-
lished, our understanding of the mechanisms under- pertise and keen insights to their contributions of out-
lying normal brai n development and the effects of standing chapters.
ethanol neurotoxicity on neural ontogeny has grown The dual sculptors, nature and nurture, have been
exponentially. Interes t i n th e clinica l proble m of essential factors in my development as a scientist. My
nicotine exposure has also increased. fascination with science—how things work and how
Personally, my research has been supported by a they fail—was fostered by my parents and the post-
host of postdoctoral trainees, graduate and undergrad- Sputnik American culture. It is my great hope that
uate students, and technicians. I am greatly indebted children of all ages, boys and girls, retain their wonder
to them for working toward our common goal of un- as to why things are as they are. This sense of marvel
derstanding th e intricacie s of brai n development . should be celebrated and held in awe by society. My
Some of my current students (Maria Bruns and Julie candle was stoked by high school and college teachers
Siegenthaler) an d collaborator s (Sandr a Mooney ) (including William Harri s and William Tully, and
vi ACKNOWLEDGMENT S
Edward Hodgson and Edward Maly, respectively), re- Finally , I would like to thank my family, my wife
search mentors (including Pedro Pasik and Alan Pe- an d three children, for their continued suppor t and
ters), and collaborators (notably Richard Nowakowski goo d humor . They are my sustenance, grounding ,
and Robert Rhoades). They encouraged me to think an d reason for being,
broadly and not to be confined by dogma or methods.
Contents
List of Abbreviations i x
Contributors xii i
1. Models of Neurotoxicity Provide Unique 5. Cell Death 7 3
Insight into Normal Development 3 Stevens K Rehen
Michael W. Miller Jerold J.M. Chun
Part I. Norma l Development
6. Intracellular Pathways of Neuronal
2. Cell Proliferation 9
Bernhard So ter Death 9 1
Pradeep G. Bhide Sandra M. Mooney
George I. Henderson
3. Neuronal Migration 2 7
Huaiyu Hu
4. Neuronal Differentiation: From Axons 7. Developmental Disorder s and
to Synapses 4 5 Evolutionary Expectations: Mechanisms
C. David Mintz of Resilience 10 4
Iddii H. Bekirov Barbara L. Finlay
Tonya R. Anderson Jeremy C. Yost
Deanna L. Benson Desmond T. Cheung
vii
viii CONTENT S
Part IL Ethanol-Affecte d Development 17. Neural Crest and Developmental Exposure
to Ethanol 27 9
8. Prenatal Alcohol Exposure and Human
Susan M. Smith
Development 12 3 Katherine A. Debelak-Kragtorp
Claire D. Coles
18. Glial Targets of Developmental Exposur e
9. Influence of Alcohol on the Structure of
to Ethanol 29 5
the Developing Human Brain 14 3
Consuelo Guerri
Susanna L, Fryer Gemma Rubert
Christie L. McGee Maria Pasqual
Andrea D. Spadoni
Edward P. Riley
Part III. Nicotine-Affecte d Development
10. Prenatal Ethanol Exposure and Fetal
19. Tobacco use During Pregnancy:
Programming: Implications for Endocrine
Epidemiology and Effects on Offspring 31 5
and Immune Development and
Jennifer A. Willford
Long-Term Health 15 3
Nancy L. Day
Joanna H, Sliwowska
Marie D. Cornelius
Xingqi Zhang
Joanne Weinberg 20. Prenatal Nicotine Exposure and Animal
Behavior 32 9
11. Early Exposure to Ethanol Affects the
Brenda M. Elliott
Proliferation of Neuronal Precursors 18 2
Neil E. Grunberg
Michael W. Miller
21. Neuronal Receptors for Nicotine: Functional
12. Effects of Ethanol on the Regulation of
Diversity and Developmental Changes 34 1
Cell Cycle in Neural Stem Cells 19 9
Huibert D. Mansvelder
W. Michael Zawada
Loma W. Role
Mita Das
22. Neural Precursors as Preferential Targets
13. Mechanisms of Ethanol-Induced
for Drug Abuse: Long Term Consequence s
Alterations in Neuronal Migration 21 6
and Latent Susceptibility to Central
Julie A. Siegenthaler
Nervous System Disorders 36 3
Michael W. Miller
Kurt F. Hauser
14. Effects of Ethanol on Mechanisms Nazira El-Hage
Regulating Neuronal Process Shreya Buch
Outgrowth 23 0 Gregory N. Barnes
Tara A. Lindsley Henrietta S. Bada
James R. Pauly
15. Neuronal Survival Is Compromised by
Ethanol: Extracellular Mediators 24 5 23. Nicotinic Receptor Regulation of
Michael W. Miller Developing Catecholamine Systems 38 1
Maria B. Bruns Frances M. Leslie
Paula L. Hoffman Layla Azam
Kathy Goliardo
16. Intracellular Events in Ethanol-Induced Kathryn O'Leary
Neuronal Death 26 7 Ryan Franke
Sandra M. Mooney Shahrdad Lotfipour
Michael W. Miller
George I. Henderson Index 39 9
List of Abbreviations
5-HT serotoni n ALC prenatall y exposed to alcohol, both with and
without dysmorphic features
8-OH-DPAT 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetrali n
AMPA a-amino-B-hydroxy-S-methyM-isoxazole -
ABCG2 ATP-bindin g cassette protein
propionic acid
otBgTx a-bungarotoxi n
AMPAR a-amino-3-hydroxy - 5-methyl-4-isoxazole
ACh acetylcholin e propionic acid receptor
AChE acetylcholinesteras e AP-1 activatin g protein-1
ACTH adrenocorticotropi c hormone APAF apoptoti c protease activating factor
ARIA acetylcholin e receptor-inducing protein
ADH alcoho l dehydrogenase
ARND alcohol-relate d neurodevelopmental
ADHD attentio n deficit hyperactivity disorder
disorder
ADNF activity-dependen t neurotrophic factor
ASD atria l septic defect
ADNP activity-dependen t neuroprotective protein
ASR acousti c startle reflex
ADP adenosin e diphosphate
Astn astrotacti n
ADX adrenalectom y ATP adenosin e triphosphate
AHP adul t hippocampal progenitor AVP arginin e vasopressin
AIDS acquire d immunodeficiency syndrome BDNF brain-derive d neurotrophic factor
AI F apoptosi s inducing factor BEG bloo d ethanol concentration
ix