Brain-Computer Interfaces: Revolutionizing Human-Computer Interaction

397 Pages·2010·11.892 MB·English

by  Graimann, Bernhard(Editor);Pfurtscheller, Gert(Editor);Allison, Brendan Z(Editor)

T H E F R O N T I E R S C O L L E C T I O N
T H E F R O N T I E R S C O L L E C T I O N
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J.A.Tuszynski R.VaasH.D.Zeh
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Bernhard Graimann · Brendan Allison ·
Gert Pfurtscheller
Editors
BRAIN–COMPUTER
INTERFACES
Revolutionizing
Human–Computer Interaction
123
Editors
Dr.BernhardGraimann Dr.BrendanAllison Prof.Dr.GertPfurtscheller
OttoBockHealthCareGmbH InstituteforKnowledge InstituteforKnowledge
Max-Näder-Str.15 Discovery Discovery
37115Duderstadt LaboratoryofBrain-Computer LaboratoryofBrain-Computer
Germany Interfaces Interfaces
[email protected] GrazUniversityofTechnology GrazUniversityofTechnology
Krenngasse37 Krenngasse37
8010Graz 8010Graz
Austria Austria
[email protected] [email protected]
SeriesEditors:
AvshalomC.Elitzur
Bar-IlanUniversity,UnitofInterdisciplinaryStudies,52900Ramat-Gan,Israel
email:[email protected]
LauraMersini-Houghton
Dept.Physics,UniversityofNorthCarolina,ChapelHill,NC27599-3255,USA
email:[email protected]
MaximilianA.Schlosshauer
NielsBohrInstitute,Blegdamsvej17,2100Copenhagen,Denmark
email:[email protected]
MarkP.Silverman
TrinityCollege,Dept.Physics,HartfordCT06106,USA
email:[email protected]
JackA.Tuszynski
UniversityofAlberta,Dept.Physics,EdmontonABT6G1Z2,Canada
email:[email protected]
RüdigerVaas
UniversityofGiessen,CenterforPhilosophyandFoundationsofScience,35394Giessen,Germany
email:[email protected]
H.DieterZeh
GaibergerStraße38,69151Waldhilsbach,Germany
email:[email protected]
ISSN1612-3018
ISBN978-3-642-02090-2 e-ISBN978-3-642-02091-9
DOI10.1007/978-3-642-02091-9
SpringerHeidelbergDordrechtLondonNewYork
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2010934515
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Preface
It’s an exciting time to work in Brain–Computer Interface (BCI) research. A few
yearsago,BCIswerejustlaboratorygadgetsthatonlyworkedwithafewtestsub-
jects in highly controlled laboratory settings. Since then, many different types of
BCIshavesucceededinprovidingreal-worldcommunicationsolutionsforseveral
severelydisabledusers.Contributionshaveemergedfromamyriadofresearchdis-
ciplines across academic, medical, industrial, and nonprofit sectors. New systems,
components,ideas,papers,researchgroups,andsuccessstoriesarebecomingmore
common. Many scientific conferences now include BCI related special sessions,
symposia,talks,posters,demonstrations,discussions,andworkshops.Thepopular
mediaandgeneralpublichavealsopaidmoreattentiontoBCIresearch.
However, the field remains in its infancy, with many fundamental challenges
remaining. BCI success stories are still expensive, time consuming, and excruci-
atingly infrequent. We still cannot measure nor understand the substantial major-
ity of brain activity, which limits any BCI’s speed, usability, and reliability.
Communication and collaboration across disciplines and sectors must improve.
Despite increased efforts from many groups, you still can’t really do very much
with a BCI. The increased publicity has also brought some stories that are biased,
misleading,confusing,orinaccurate.
All of the above reasons inspired a book about BCIs intended for non-expert
readers. There is a growing need for a straightforward overview of the field for
educatedreaderswhodonothaveabackgroundinBCIresearchnorsomeofitsdis-
ciplines.Thisbookwaswrittenbyauthorsfromdifferentbackgroundsworkingon
a variety of BCIs. Authors include experts in psychology, neuroscience, electrical
engineering,signalprocessing,softwaredevelopment,andmedicine.Thechapters
describe different systems as well as common principles and issues. Many chap-
terspresentemergingideas,research,oranalysisspanningdifferentdisciplinesand
BCIapproaches.Thestyleandcontentprovideareadableandinformativeoverview
aimedtowardnon-specialists.
The first chapter gives a particularly easy introduction to BCIs. The next three
chapterscoverthefoundationsofBCIsinmoredetail.Chapters4through8describe
thefourmostcitednon-invasiveBCIsystems,andchapters9and10coverneurore-
habilitation.Chapter11focusesonBCIsforlocked-inpatientsandpresentsaunique
v
vi Preface
interviewwithalocked-inpatient.Invasiveapproachesareaddressedinchapters12
to 14. Chapters 15 and 16 present a freely available BCI framework (BCI 2000)
andoneofthefirstcommercialBCIsystems.Chapters17and18dealwithsignal
processing.ThelastchaptergivesalookintothefutureofBCIs.
Graz,Austria BernhardGraimann
April2010 BrendanAllison
GertPfurtscheller
Contents
Brain–ComputerInterfaces:AGentleIntroduction . . . . . . . . . . . 1
BernhardGraimann,BrendanAllison,andGertPfurtscheller
BrainSignalsforBrain–ComputerInterfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
JonathanR.WolpawandChadwickB.Boulay
DynamicsofSensorimotorOscillationsinaMotorTask . . . . . . . . . 47
GertPfurtschellerandChristaNeuper
NeurofeedbackTrainingforBCIControl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
ChristaNeuperandGertPfurtscheller
TheGrazBrain-ComputerInterface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
GertPfurtscheller,ClemensBrunner,RobertLeeb,
ReinholdScherer,GernotR.Müller-PutzandChristaNeuper
BCIsintheLaboratoryandatHome:TheWadsworth
ResearchProgram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
EricW.Sellers,DennisJ.McFarland,TheresaM.Vaughan,and
JonathanR.Wolpaw
DetectingMentalStatesbyMachineLearningTechniques:The
BerlinBrain–ComputerInterface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
BenjaminBlankertz,MichaelTangermann,CarmenVidaurre,
ThorstenDickhaus,ClaudiaSannelli,FlorinPopescu,SiamacFazli,
MártonDanóczy,GabrielCurio,andKlaus-RobertMüller
PracticalDesignsofBrain–ComputerInterfacesBasedonthe
ModulationofEEGRhythms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
YijunWang,XiaorongGao,BoHong,andShangkaiGao
Brain–ComputerInterfaceinNeurorehabilitation . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
NielsBirbaumerandPaulSauseng
NonInvasiveBCIsforNeuroprosthesesControloftheParalysedHand 171
GernotR.Müller-Putz,ReinholdScherer,GertPfurtscheller,
andRüdigerRupp
vii
viii Contents
Brain–ComputerInterfacesforCommunicationandControl
inLocked-inPatients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
FemkeNijboerandUrsulaBroermann
IntracorticalBCIs:ABriefHistoryofNeuralTiming . . . . . . . . . . 203
DawnM.TaylorandMichaelE.Stetner
BCIsBasedonSignalsfromBetweentheBrainandSkull . . . . . . . . 221
JaneE.Huggins
A Simple, Spectral-Change Based, Electrocorticographic
Brain–ComputerInterface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
KaiJ.MillerandJeffreyG.Ojemann
UsingBCI2000inBCIResearch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
JürgenMellingerandGerwinSchalk
TheFirstCommercialBrain–ComputerInterfaceEnvironment . . . . 281
ChristophGugerandGünterEdlinger
DigitalSignalProcessingandMachineLearning . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305
YuanqingLi,KaiKengAng,andCuntaiGuan
AdaptiveMethodsinBCIResearch-AnIntroductoryTutorial . . . . . 331
AloisSchlögl,CarmenVidaurre,andKlaus-RobertMüller
TowardUbiquitousBCIs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357
BrendanZ.Allison
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389
Contributors
BrendanAllisonInstituteforKnowledgeDiscovery,Laboratoryof
Brain-ComputerInterfaces,GrazUniversityofTechnology,Krenngasse37,8010
Graz,Austria,[email protected]
∗
KaiKengAngInstituteforInfocommResearch,A STAR,Singapore,
[email protected]
NielsBirbaumerInstituteofMedicalPsychologyandBehavioralNeurobiology,
UniversityofTübingen,Tübingen,Germany,[email protected]
BenjaminBlankertzBerlinInstituteofTechnology,MachineLearning
Laboratory,Berlin,Germany;FraunhoferFIRST(IDA),Berlin,Germany,
[email protected]
ChadwickB.BoulayWadsworthCenter,NewYorkStateDepartmentofHealth
andSchoolofPublicHealth,StateUniversityofNewYorkatAlbany,NewYork,
NY12201,USA,[email protected]
UrsulaBroermannInstituteofMedicalPsychologyandBehavioral
Neurobiology,EberhardKarlsUniversityofTübingen,Tübingen,Germany
ClemensBrunnerInstituteforKnowledgeDiscovery,Laboratoryof
Brain-ComputerInterfaces,GrazUniversityofTechnology,Krenngasse37,8010
Graz,Austria,[email protected]
GabrielCurioCampusBenjaminFranklin,CharitéUniversityMedicineBerlin,
Berlin,Germany,[email protected]
MártonDanóczyBerlinInstituteofTechnology,MachineLearningLaboratory,
Berlin,Germany,[email protected]
ThorstenDickhausBerlinInstituteofTechnology,MachineLearningLaboratory,
Berlin,Germany,[email protected]
GünterEdlingerGugerTechnologiesOG/g.tecmedicalengineeringGmbH,
Herbersteinstrasse60,8020 Graz,Austria,[email protected]
ix