Table Of ContentPhysiology in Clinical Neurosciences
Brain and Spinal Cord Crosstalks
Hemanshu Prabhakar Series Editor
Hemanshu Prabhakar
Nidhi Gupta Editors
Brain
and Kidney
Crosstalk
Physiology in Clinical Neurosciences –
Brain and Spinal Cord Crosstalks
Series Editor
Hemanshu Prabhakar
Department of Neuroanesthesiology and Critical Care
All India Institute of Medical Sciences
New Delhi, Delhi, India
Central nervous system that includes brain and spinal cord has high metabolic
demand. The physiology of the brain is such that it is easily affected by any altered
physiology of other systems which in turn may compromise cerebral blood flow and
oxygenation. Together the brain and spinal cord control our body systems to function
automatically. While other systems of body controls individual functions, central
nervous system at the same time does many different functions, especially,
controlling the function of other systems. However, only little is known that central
nervous system itself affects almost all the other systems of the body for example,
cardiovascular, respiratory, renal, genitourinary, gastrointestinal, hematological etc.
This interaction of brain and spinal cord with other systems makes it important for
us to understand how any kind of injury to the central nervous system may at times,
produce complications in remote organs or systems of the body. It is these lesser
known crosstalks between acutely or chronically affected brain and spinal cord and
other systems of the body that is discussed in this book series. Each system would
be considered in a separate book.
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/16228
Hemanshu Prabhakar • Nidhi Gupta
Editors
Brain and Kidney Crosstalk
Editors
Hemanshu Prabhakar Nidhi Gupta
Department of Neuroanesthesiology & Department of Neuroanaesthesia &
Critical Care Critical Care
All India Institute of Medical Sciences Indraprastha Apollo Hospital
New Delhi, Delhi, India New Delhi, Delhi, India
ISSN 2524-8294 ISSN 2524-8308 (electronic)
Physiology in Clinical Neurosciences – Brain and Spinal Cord Crosstalks
ISBN 978-981-15-2324-3 ISBN 978-981-15-2325-0 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2325-0
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Singapore
To my parents, my family, and my teachers
Hemanshu Prabhakar
To my parents (Mr. Devendra Gupta and
(Late) Mrs. Umesh Gupta) for giving me the
gift of life and my husband and son (Dr.
Piyush Srivastava and Avyaan) for making it
beautiful and worth living for.
Nidhi Gupta
Preface
Central nervous system that includes brain and spinal cord has high metabolic
demand. The physiology of the brain is such that it is easily affected by any altered
physiology of other systems which in turn may compromise cerebral blood flow and
oxygenation. Together the brain and spinal cord control our body systems to func-
tion automatically. While other systems of body control individual functions, cen-
tral nervous system at the same time does many different functions, especially,
controlling the function of other systems. This interaction of brain with other sys-
tems makes it important for us to understand how any kind of injury to the brain
may at times produce complications in remote organs or systems of the body such
as the kidney. Both acute and chronic brain injury can induce various changes in
kidneys ranging from altered function and electrolyte imbalances to inflammatory
changes in kidneys. This volume discusses the normal brain physiology in relation
to renal system along with renal physiology and the interactions between the two
organs.
We appreciate the contributors who believed in the proposed format of the work.
We are sure the readers would be benefited by the insights of the renowned experts.
The purpose of this volume will be truly accomplished if we are able to improve the
clinical conditions of our patients by providing better care.
New Delhi, India Hemanshu Prabhakar
New Delhi, India Nidhi Gupta
vii
Acknowledgement
We wish to acknowledge the support of the administration of the All India Institute
of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, and Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals, New
Delhi, in allowing us to conduct this academic task.
We thank our team for their unconditional support and tireless efforts in helping
us fulfill our dreams—Indu Kapoor, Charu Mahajan, and Vasudha Singhal.
We thank the faculty and staff of the Department of Neuroanaesthesiology and
Critical Care, AIIMS, New Delhi, and Department of Neuroanaesthesia, Indraprastha
Apollo Hospitals, for their support.
Very special thanks are due to the team of Springer—Naren Aggarwal, Gaurav
Singh, and Lenold Esithor.
ix
Contents
1 Neurophysiology and Renal System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Simran Kaur, Narinder Pal Singh,
Anish Kumar Gupta, and Manpreet Kaur
2 Normal Physiology of Renal System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Simran Kaur, Manpreet Kaur, and Narinder Pal Singh
3 Brain and Kidney Crosstalk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Nidhi Gupta
xi
About the Editors
Hemanshu Prabhakar, MBBS, holds an MD from the IGMC Nagpur, and a PhD
from All India Institute of Medical Sciences. He is currently a Professor at the
Department of Neuroanaesthesiology and Critical Care at the All India Institute of
Medical Sciences, New Delhi. Dr. Prabhakar has research experience spanning over
20 years, and his extensive work in the field of neuroanesthesia and neurocritical
care has been published in various national and international journals. He is also the
author of a number of books.
Nidhi Gupta is an Associate Professor and Consultant at the Department of
Neuroanaesthesia at the Indraprastha Apollo Hospital, New Delhi, India. She com-
pleted her DM in Neuroanaesthesiology at the All India Institute of Medical
Sciences. She was awarded the honorary adjunct title of Associate Professor by The
Apollo Hospitals Educational and Research Foundation for her notable contribu-
tions to academia and research. She has published more than 20 papers in peer-
reviewed national and international journals as well as book chapters. Dr. Nidhi is
also a reviewer for the Indian Journal of Anaesthesia and Journal of
Neuroanaesthesiology and Critical Care. She is a permanent member of the Indian
Society of Neuroanaesthesiology and Critical Care and is involved in various
national conferences.
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